462 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TEREITORIES. 



egg's"^ contained in dried Utali mud, male as well as female Artemiae, 

 and both in about the same number were obtained. To these observa- 

 tions I have to annex the following, which, as regards the questions 

 what sex issues in the different manners of propagation in the Nauplii, 

 in future will turn out to be important. Namely,! refer to the fact that 

 also those Nauplii, which the fecundated, primiparous females of Ar- 

 temia fertilis, raised from " Dauerreggs," yielded in exactly the same 

 manner, like those ]S"auplii hatched from "Dauer-eggs" contained in 

 Utah mud, male and female individuals ot Artemia fertilis. 



Concerning the manner of propagation going on after (einmalig) vivi- 

 parturition and oviposition of the fecundated females, I have to say 

 that this process of oviposition occurs in the same manner and with 

 the same repetition as observed by me in non-fertilized females, and 

 which I shall describe later. As the second part of my report on the 

 domestication (Zeuchtung) of Artemia fertilis I have to mention experi- 

 ments through which I tried to force this Branchiopod to produce par- 

 thenogenetic generations. In how far I did or did not succeed in th^se 

 experiments I cannot yet call to account, since I till now could realize 

 only preparations and introductions for the same. I onlv want to state 

 how 1 succeeded in obtaining the material with which I could convince 

 myself whether Artemia fertilis, like A. salina, possesses the peculiarity 

 under certain circumstances to propagate x)arthenogenetically. It was 

 easy for me to procure the necessary material, since I kept separate, as 

 already stated, ajar with Artemise, which showed in their earlier devel- 

 oping stages indications of yielding female imlividuals. From this jar 

 I selected such females in which the first traces of concupiscence were 

 noticed, and those I raised separately in a jar with brine water and 

 boiled Utah mud, watching them carefully to prevent any access of 

 males, and to let them, as genuine virgins, become concupiscent.^ At 

 the time when in these isolated virgins the generative organs attained 

 maturity, which showed itself in the ovaries distended with germs, my 

 particular attention was directed to the jar containing them. There I 

 noticed that in these virgins the eggs entered from the ovaries into the 

 oviduct, whence they accumulated in the uterine cavity, during which 

 time the six above-mentioned shell-glands assumed a brown color. 

 Later on the amber-colored secretion of the glands discharged into the 

 uterus, flowing around the tender-skinned unfecundated eggs, which 

 latter, kept in rhythmic motion by the contractions of the muscular walls 



1 Above I make use of the word •' Daner-eggs" (or permanent eggs) avoiding the 

 hitherto customary specification "winter-eggs" as not quite proper. Of course 

 (allerdings) most Phyllopods deposit two different kinds of eggs, one kind of whicli 

 develops soon after being deposited, while the other kind hatches after a very long 

 time, and in our climate, in most cases, after hibernation. But those latter eggs 

 can also endure two or more winters under casual external conditions, if the neces- 

 sary impulse from outside for the batching of the eggs continues ; I mean to say when 

 the suitable moisture, giving action and completion for the development of those 

 Phjdlopods, does not come into effect. lu this way it is accounted for that in such 

 pools serving as a habitation for Phyllopods, but which remain dry for several years 

 and which aftei-wards again become filled with water, the long disappeared Phyllo- 

 pods suddeuly reappear, as the there buried winter eggs (or better) " Dauer-eggs," 

 iinder the influence of the water become animated to live activity out of the latent 

 condition. 



-To demonstrate during my lecture I prepared three jars witb mud and salt water, 

 ilito which I divided three different objects concerning Artemia in the following man- 

 ner : One jar contained several full-grown males, the second jar contained fertilized 

 egg-bearing females, together with two entangled copulating couples, while the third 

 jar, contained virgin females, bearing non -fertilized eggs. These Artemise arrived in 

 goodc condition, after being conveyed in their jars from Miinchen to Basel, and there 

 could be exhibited alive during the lecture. 



