464 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TEREITORIES. 



Artemice I also observed amongst the other live specimens. After the 

 . escape of the brood the egg skins remained in the egg-sacs. But many 

 Artemise proved to be also oviparous. The egg-sac in such oviparous 

 specimens then contained brownish spherical, hard-shelled eggs. In 

 breaking this brittleshell between two glass slides the homogeneous inner 

 egg skin could be noticed. Joly, who also obserA^ed this mode of multi- 

 plication, supposed the season of the year had something to do with it. 

 Vogt noticed that they became oviparous when kept in a more capa- 

 cious vessel, and viviparous when kept in small jars. I, myself, did not 

 succeed in raising more than two generations. Not a single male indi- 

 vidual was obtained from the young Artemiae received as viviparous 

 generation ; only 35 females attained sexual maturity. Of these 35 

 females, on the 20th of October the largest ones had soft, white eggs in 

 the egg-sac, which became gradually brown in a few days ; some had 

 their eggs deposited on November 5, involving at the same time a cer- 

 tain mortality among my specimens, all having died by November 21, 

 1872. The deposit* d egg did not hatch. 



After this unsuccessful attempt I concluded to get some more fresh 

 material, which was forwarded to me through the kind intermediation 

 of Duke Carl Theodor of Bavaria, of whose active interest in natural 

 science I was aware. On the 3d of December I received two bottles with 

 50 live Artemite, which were collected near Capodistria by Dr. Syrski, 

 of Triest, also a large bottle of marine mud and fresh sea water. The 

 Artemiae were, though dead, still of a fresh appearance. They were all 

 females, and tbeir egg-sacs were crammed with brown eggs. After re- 

 moving the eggs 1 placed them in a shallow vessel with marine mud 

 and sea water. Already four days afterwards I observed new-born em- 

 bryos swimming about, and many more toward evening. I divided them 

 on December 12 in two jars, marked with a and h. Owing to fehe marine 

 mud containing much organic matter (which was probably not the case 

 in the former experiment) they prospered well, shed their skins often, 

 and developed into females. The jar destined for the specimens origin- 

 ally received from Capodistria I marked with e. The embryos hatched 

 therein from the eggs of the killed original specimens and those embr3'0S 

 I divided into the two jars a and b. 



That the embryos thus hatched did not all come from the eggs taken 

 from the egg-sacs of the original dead but still fresh specimens is quite 

 obvious, as the marine mud very likfr-ly also contained eggs of Artemia, 

 which were thus brought to development. Finally I got fully convinced 

 of this view, as in the larger jars a and h gradually an immense number 

 of young Artemise grew up, whose number by far exceeded the sums of 

 those embryos which I took from jar e, and which I placed into the jars 

 a and b. In no case could this superfluous brood have originated from 

 the older, fully-raised embryos, as the latter were not yet sexually ma- 

 ture when I noticed the bulky throng of continually forthcoming em- 

 bryos. On examining a quantity of the remaining mud from Triest I 

 found many Artemia eggs. The hatching of embryos in jar e kept on 

 from December 7, 1872, till March 23, 1873. 



Some marine mud I placed also into jars a and b, and care was taken 

 to replace the evaporated salt water, a water of 1*^ Beaum6 having been 

 used for this purpose. On January 12, 1873, I counted 31 full grown 

 and 130 younger individuals, not counting the very youngest ones. 

 In the ovaries of seven adult females I noticed on January 19 the first 

 traces of egg-formation 5 on the 24th I saw the yellowish eggs in the 

 ovaries in 18 adult ones; 4 of them had yellowish eggs in the egg-sacs, 

 and 3 had brown ones; on January 26th 3 more had also brown eggs in 

 the egg-sacs. 



