2 2 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. 



against the French. The EngUsh of New York and Boston retal- 

 iated by sending out two expeditions against Canada, but both 

 returned without accomphshing anything. The Iroquois continued 

 to harass the colony until 1694, when they made overtures of peace, 

 which had the effect of suspending hostilities for two years. In 1696 

 Frontenac prepared the largest expedition against the Five Nations 

 that had yet been attempted, but it turned out to be an act of heroic 

 folly, accomplishing nothing but the destruction of some wooden 

 cabins and some grain. The Indians did not show themselves till 

 the expedition was retreating, when they followed and harassed the 

 rear. The' war continued till Frontenac died in 1698, but two years 

 after peace was made with the Iroquois by his successor De Galleries. 



After three years of peace, the English, who were now at war 

 with France, determined to take possession of the whole of the 

 northern part of America. To do this they called upon the Five 

 Nations to assist them, but the Indians were very reluctant to take 

 up arms. De Vaudreuil, who had meanwhile succeeded De Galleries, 

 was able by good management to keep the British forces back, and 

 they soon abandoned the attack, the Iroquois having done nothing 

 to help them. During the interval of repose that ensued, both 

 English and French were preparing for another great struggle, each 

 endeavdring to gain the assistance of the Five Nations. The French 

 succeeded in getting the assistance of the Senecas and Onondagas, 

 but in the west the French had to meet a new enemy, the Foxes, 

 whom they nearly exterminated. 



In 17 10 the English again sent out an expedition against Ganada, 

 partly by land and partly by water. That part going by water wyas 

 wrecked at the mouth of the St. Lawrence, and the rest hearing of 

 the disaster retired to New York. In 17 13 occurred a change in the 

 English ministry, followed by the famous Treaty of Utrecht, which 

 closed the war in Ganada. France gave up Acadia and Newfound- 

 land, and surrendered all her claims to the sovereignty of the Five 

 Nations, an empty concession by which she gave up that which she 

 never possessed, and England acquired a nominal right which she 

 could not enforce. 



Now followed a period of 42 years ot profound peace for Ganada, 

 during which several French governors ruled with more or less wisdom, 

 and French settlements sprang up by the St. Lawrence with great 



