20 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. 



would make p<^ace another would carry on hostilities, till in 1663 war 

 raged with greater fury than ever. The Five Nations during all this 

 time continually extended their territories, and having seen the power- 

 ful effects of fire-arms they procured them from the Dutch and Enghsh. 

 They now attacked the Ottawas, who, as I have before mentioned, 

 were a part of the Algonquins. They inhabited the northern part of 

 Canada, and did not make even an attempt at resistance, but sought 

 refuge among the marshes or on the islands of Lake Huron. They 

 completely subdued the great Cat nation, and it is reckoned that the 

 Five Nations held undisputed sway over a country 500 miles 

 in extent. The very sight of one of them struck terror into the 

 neighbouring tribes, and on the side of New England the cry of 

 " A Mohawk ! A Mohawk ! " echoed from hill to hill, and all who 

 heard it were filled with fear. To add fresh consternation to the 

 people, Canada was at this time visited by a succession of earth- 

 quakes, which lasted for half a year, recurring two or three times a 

 day. 



In 1665 France sent out detachments of soldiers to protect her 

 colony and subdue the Five Nations. Courcelles, who was governor 

 at this time, built a number of forts and three of the Five Nations 

 sued for peace. The fierce Mohawks and Oneidas, however, stood 

 back and still kept up the conflict, although the French troops and 

 forts kept them at a distance from the settlements. In 1667 Courcelles 

 pushed the power of France farther westward, and commenced the 

 building of a fort near Kingston, but he was recalled to France and 

 succeeded by Frontenac, who finished building the fort and called 

 it Fort Frontenac. The Roman Catholic clergy at this time succeeded 

 in preventing the sale of spirituous liquors to the Indians, though 

 they were opposed by Frontenac, who thought that fire-water was 

 useful to him in his military and commercial dealings with the Indians. 

 Frontenac was recalled to France in 1682, and M. de la Barre was 

 sent out as the new Viceroy. 



Canada was now in a critical state. The fine Hudson Bay 

 Territory, which had been heretofore in possession of the Dutch, now 

 fell into the hands of the English, and they laid claim to all the 

 country occupied by the Iroquois. The Hudson Bay Company had 

 pushed their agencies south as far as Lake Superior and were making 

 friendly dealings with the Iroquois, and trying to stir them up against 



