72 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. 



expresses his intention of working the cement on a more extended 

 scale, and he believes there will be an increased demand for it when 

 it is better known. 



The glacial grooves at the lime ridge (Carpenter's quarry), on 

 the upper layer of the Bartons, known to us as the Stromatopora 

 bed, in general are not so well defined as in the chert at the brow of 

 the escarpment, but on a recent visit I noticed a very remarkable 

 exception — the oversoil had been removed recently and a furrow 

 underneath was exposed. Its dimensions exceeded any I have seen 

 on this continent as yet, although larger grooves, I understand, have 

 been observed in other parts of the Province. It was three feet 

 broad and six or seven inches deep ; the stripping was too limited to 

 afford me an opportunity of ascertaining how far it extended. A 

 local glacier would probably (subsequent to the general retreat of the 

 great ice sheet) obliterate some of the previous markings. The striae, 

 however, in this particular case corresponded, as regards direction, 

 ■ with the grooving of the underlaying chert at the escarpment. The 

 adjoining rocks on both sides (same horizon) displayed merely 

 scratches and a polished surface. We can scarcely conceive what 

 appearance this locality presented at the beginning of the glacial age. 

 This consideration appears to me to be frequently .overlooked. 

 Hundreds of feet of hard Niagara limestone must have been ground 

 down and removed before the chert was exposed to the grinding 

 process in the immediate vicinity of this city. We can hardly 

 realize the vast changes, the different aspects, presented in the present 

 and the past. Mr. A. E. \¥alker mentioned at the late meeting of 

 the Geological Section how surprised a friend of his (a stranger) 

 appeared to be when he pointed out to him the glacial markings 

 near the JoUey Cut here, adding, " In the portion of the upper beds 

 I examined in New York State there was little, if any, grooving, but 

 polishing and scratches as far as my examination went." Well, such 

 an experience strikes me as the one to be expected, for, as the great 

 glacier travelled on southward, shod with or bearing frozen boulders, 

 sand or gravel, is it not natural to suppose the former were the first 

 to be loosened from the moving mass and to be detached closer to 

 the source in valleys where they have been dropped ? I am, unfor- 

 tunately, unacquainted with the glacial Moraines, or glaciated areas, 

 in New Jersey, Ohio. The localities at present are attracting con- 



