THE NORM AN SKILL GRAPTOLITE FAUNA 275 



confidence that the Catawba section is normal and in general accord 

 with the section north. 



The Utica consists of two parts. The upper is slaty or shaly 

 and more or less calcareous, carrying several species of corals and 

 brachiopods, while the lower part is slaty limestone and limestone 

 beds with some shale partings. The thin beds, which vary in 

 thickness from one to four inches, are largely made up of brachio- 

 pods. The Tellico beneath is composed of red and gray sandstone 

 and shale, with a massive, hard, quartzitic, ferruginous sandstone 

 30 feet thick at its base. It carries in addition some kaolin and 

 flakes of mica. This basal member rests immediately upon the 

 Trenton. The formation is about 300 feet thick. The Trenton 

 limestone is conformable with the Tellico above, the two dipping 

 at an angle of 60° S. The contact between them is sharp and 

 clear. The limestone ceases suddenly as the sandstone comes in. 

 The upper part of the Trenton consists of rather massive, dark, 

 blue-gray limestone with some thin shale partings. The lower part 

 is made up of alternating layers of solid black homogeneous lime- 

 stone and thin bands of slate, the limestone bands varying in thick- 

 ness from two to four to six inches. Fossils have not been observed 

 except near the contact with the Athens shale, where a number of 

 small trilobites were found. These probably belong to the Athens 

 shale as the same species have since been found in the lower part 

 of it. The Trenton formation is 500 feet thick, and passes into the 

 Athens shale without perceptible break. Fresh-rock contact, how- 

 ever, has not been observed. On the surface there is frequently a 

 slight depression due to differential weathering marking the con- 

 tact. The Athens formation is compact, black, carbonaceous shale, 

 slightly calcareous. The lower part contains some layers which are 

 massive, and which resemble the Trenton limestone; but on exam- 

 ination the lime content is found to be no greater than in the more 

 shaly portion above. The massive character is found to be due to 

 less pressure having been applied to this part of the formation. It 

 contains innumerable forms of Dicellograptus sextans which are not 

 at all crushed or flattened, while the graptolites in the upper part 

 of the formation are more or less flattened. These forms look as 

 if they could be taken out bodily and sections of them be made for 



