Reviews 



The Antiquity of Man in Europe. By James Geikie. New York: 

 D. VanNostrand Co., 1914. Pp. 305. Illustrated. 



As stated in the preface, this volume consists of a series of ten lec- 

 tures delivered to a mixed audience and hence contains much elementary 

 matter. It takes up first the migrations of the southern and temperate, 

 the tundra or snow-loving, and the steppe fauna and flora in their relation 

 to climatic changes in the Pleistocene epoch. The second and third 

 lectures discuss cave deposits and human and animal relics and the 

 archaeological stages of culture. The fourth lecture deals with river 

 deposits and the succession of archaeological culture stages contained 

 in them. A brief discussion of the loess and its relation to tundra 

 and steppe conditions is also presented. 



In chap. V, under the heading "Glacial Action," there is not only a 

 discussion of glacial action proper, but also of the formation of screes, 

 of the flowing soils of artic regions, and of the breccias of Gibraltar. 

 Erosion of rock basins and overdeepening of valleys by glacial action is 

 given prominence. In the following chapter, which deals with the 

 glaciation of northern Europe, submarine basins in the Irish Sea and 

 near the Hebrides, and the overdeepened valleys and fiords of Norway 

 are referred to glacial action. Rock rubble in non-glaciated areas is also 

 described. The thickness, extent, and direction of flow of the British 

 as well as Scandinavian ice fields form the main theme. In chap, vii, the 

 glaciation of the Alps and overdeepening of Alpine valleys and the 

 glaciation of other mountains in middle and southern Europe are dis- 

 cussed; also the general climatic conditions of middle Europe in glacial 

 and interglacial stages, and conditions favorable for loess deposition. 

 The climatic conditions of the several interglacial stages and the differ- 

 ent kinds of interglacial deposits are treated in the next chapter. The 

 two concluding chapters deal with the history of the Pleistocene epoch, 

 and the relation of the archaeological culture stages to the general glacial 

 and interglacial stages. Estimates of geological time are briefly con- 

 sidered. 



The volume is illustrated by 21 full-page plates of which 17 show 

 characteristic animals, plants, and Paleolithic implements. The 



