VARIATIONS OF GLACIERS 549 



glaciers show slight advances, others slight retreats. The snow- 

 fall was very heavy, but it has not yet affected the extent of the 

 glaciers. In the basin of the Gave de'Pau, Pyrenees, the snowfall 

 in the winter of 1911-12 was small, but on account of the small 

 summer melting very many of the glaciers remained covered with 

 snow at the end of the summer. The glaciers increased in thick- 

 ness especially in their reservoirs. On the whole, the glaciers 

 observed have shown for several years a definite tendency to 

 advance. 



Swedish Alps. — The two glaciers observed show some slight 

 advance. 



Norwegimi Alps. — All the glaciers of the Jotunheim are retreat- 

 ing. In the Folgefon and Jostedalsbrae, along the west coast, 

 eighteen glaciers are retreating and six are advancing. In the more 

 northerly regions eight are retreating and three are advancing. 

 A larger proportion of the glaciers under observation were retreating 

 in 1911 than in 1912. 



Greenland. — A small tongue of the inland ice near Disco Bay 

 experienced an advance which culminated in July, 19 12. Later in 

 the summer the ice had retreated. The large tongue in the same 

 neighborhood, called the Ekip Sermia, seemed to be stationary. 

 The number of icebergs in the Jacobshavn Fiord was becoming 

 smaller. Three small glaciers on Disco Island, first described by 

 Chamberlin in 1894, and mapped in 1897, have since that date 

 retreated between 30 and 80 meters. There are also other indi- 

 cations of the diminution of the glaciations. Recent moraines in 

 front of several glaciers in Sermilik Fiord show that these glaciers 

 are retreating. 



REPORT OF THE GLACIERS OF THE UNITED STATES FOR 1913 



The Arapahoe Glacier, in Colorado, shows no appreciable 

 change (Henderson). 



Professor Lawrence Martin sends me the following information 

 regarding the variations of Alaskan glaciers in 1913 : 



Glacier Bay. — Several glaciers in this fiord were studied by the writer in 

 1913, under the auspices of the National Geographic Society. Grand Pacific 

 Glacier, which retreated 7,425 feet between June i to August i, 191 2, had 

 advanced 4,000 feet by September 9, 1913, so that it again terminates south 



