STRATIGRAPHY OF OHIO WAVERLY FORMATIONS 665 



at no great distance. Furthermore, in any such area, the sedi- 

 ments are Hkely to remain much the same from the bottom of the 

 formation to its top. That is, in a sandstone or conglomerate area 

 we may expect to find sandstones or conglomerates or sandy shales 

 more or less continuously throughout the formation, and in a shale 

 area the sandstones are likely to be thin or inconspicuous. This is 

 due to localized conditions of sedimentation which prevailed during 

 Cuyahoga time. The result is that distinct depositional facies 

 can be recognized with pronounced uniformity in the lithology of 

 the vertical column in any one area, except in the regions of transi- 

 tion from one facies to the adjacent one. 



It is necessary to recognize five such facies. Beginning in 

 Licking County and passing southward across the outcrop (see 

 outline map), these are (i) the Toboso facies, an area in which the 

 sediments are largely non-fossiliferous conglomerates and sand- 

 stones with shales in the lower part; (2) the Granville facies, mostly 

 shales with finer-grained fossiliferous sandstones in the upper part, 

 conglomerates absent or limited to a few thin beds; (3) Hocking 

 Valley conglomerate facies, mostly conglomerates and coarse sand- 

 stones with some shale, fossils wanting; (4) Scioto Valley shale 

 facies, argillaceous shales with thin sandstone beds tongued into 

 them from the provinces on either side, fossiliferous; (5) the 

 Vanceburg sandstone facies, an area in which are developed sparingly 

 fossiliferous sandstones of a different type from those in the con- 

 glomerate areas. 



Within these facies, the Cuyahoga is composed of distinct 

 lithological members, which can be traced in regular succession 

 over much or all of the facies and sometimes into the adjacent 

 facies. It is these relationships that have given rise to the complex 

 classification here presented. 



There is also to be noticed, before taking up the facies in detail, 

 the fact that they all have a pronounced axial trend from north- 

 northwest to south-southeast, and that this axial trend does not 

 correspond to the direction either of the strike or of the dip of the 

 series, but is intermediate between them. As a result the area of 

 any one of these facies extends diagonally across the outcrop belt 

 of the Cuyahoga. 



