STRATIGRAPHY OF OHIO WAVERLY FORMATIONS 669 



Hicks^ noticed the general northerly dip of these beds and the 

 oblique lamination dipping in all directions and considered it the 

 structure of a sea beach. No worker since has paid any attention 

 to this acute observation or its significance, and Herrick derived 

 the material from the northeast, flatly contrary to the evidence of 

 the structure.^ 



The Berne member. — At the top of the conglomerates is found, 

 at all points, one or two feet of coarser, more pebbly conglomerate. 

 This is designated the Berne member. Its discussion is reserved 

 to the consideration of the Hocking Valley conglomerate area. 



Origin of the conglomerates. — It is evident that the sandstones 

 and conglomerates of this area were derived from the south- 

 southeastward. It is true that only the upper sixth of the thickness 

 is exposed, but it appears, from the structures observed in the 

 Hocking Valley conglomerate area, that the statement may safely 

 be applied to the entire thickness. It appears that the visible por- 

 tion of the conglomerates at least were built forward by currents 

 of considerable strength, either as a sand-spit, as was suggested by 

 Hicks, or delta-wise. The dips are low, far below the angle of 

 repose for subaquatic accumulation of such materials, and this, 

 together with the exceedingly irregular cross-bedding within the 

 inclined beds, suggests that the material must have been in part 

 distributed by submarine currents. 



THE HOCKING VALLEY CONGLOMERATE FACIES 



Extent and thickness. — The conglomerate area traversed by the 

 Hocking Valley has been the more closely studied. It lies far 

 enough west on the outcrop belt that the most of its structure 

 can be observed, whereas the Toboso area lies so near the eastern 

 margin of the Waverly belt that only the upper 100 feet of the 

 Cuyahoga are shown. 



This area occupies the central and western parts of Fairfield 

 and the western half of Hocking counties, barely extending into 

 Vinton County. The southwestern part of Licking and the eastern 

 margin of FrankHn should also be assigned to it. Along its western 



' Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., XVI (1878), 217. 



2 Bull Sci. Lab. Dennison Univ., II, Part i (1887), 9, 10. 



