STRATIGRAPHY OF OHIO WAVERLY FORMATIONS 773 



westerly outcrops, portions of it are better described as shaly 

 sandstone or sandy shale. Even where it is wholly a sandstone 

 there is enough clay present to make the sandstones soft. The 

 color as seen on the outcrop is almost invariably yellow or buff, 

 but under sufficient cover it is probably always a shade of blue or 

 gray. At two points only within the area herein considered is it 

 sufficiently massive to be quarried, at Newark and at Granville 

 in Licking County. At the former locaHty the beds may attain 

 a thickness of three or four feet. 



The member is named from the town of Byer in the northern 

 part of Jackson County where it is well shown in the railroad cuts 

 east of the village. It agrees very closely in its upper and lower 

 limits with the Division II or Kinderhook of Herrick, and with that 

 portion of Prosser's Black Hand at Newark lying between Conglom- 

 erate I (the Berne member) and Conglomerate II, the latter one of 

 the beds of the Aliens ville member. 



The coarseness of the material is influenced appreciably by 

 the presence below it of the conglomerate masses of the Cuyahoga, 

 especially in Licking County. The thickness has been considerably 

 influenced. Over the northern counties, Licking, Fairfield, Hock- 

 ing, and Vinton, where conglomerate sandstones constitute the 

 most of the Cuyahoga and the thickness is correspondingly great, 

 the Byer member is much thinner than farther south in Ross, Pike, 

 Jackson, and Scioto counties. Where the two conglomerate areas 

 are thickest it is 25-30 feet thick; over the intervening Granville 

 province, where the thickness of the Cuyahoga is somewhat reduced, 

 it is commonly about 50 feet and at one point it reaches 80 feet. 

 Westward and southwestward from the great Hocking Valley 

 conglomerate area, as the thickness of the Cuyahoga decreases with 

 its passage into shale the thickness of the Byer member steadily 

 increases from 23 feet to at least 154 feet in eastern Pike County. 



The tendency of the Byer sandstones to pass into shales toward 

 the westward, although noticeable in Ross, Pike, and Scioto 

 counties, is most pronounced along the Ohio River. There, 

 between Sciotoville and Portsmouth, the lower portion, to a thick- 

 ness of at least 75 feet and perhaps more, passes into shales which 

 are not distinguishable from the body of the Cuyahoga shales of 



