THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



20 



. _„ ha^b^iTthorough drained, at an 



five hund»J * C JJ » m per acre, which completes a total 



„ em e cost 





drained under the provisions of the 



In the rnineralogical depart- 



llflS been an increased activity within the 

 m ent there iw ^ w&nt of cheap camage f rom 



last three )^ . an impedim ent to the develop- 



the mmew distlic 



ment of their ™^ d - Mr . Locke puts forward very 



ASW %1 and P we think, very fairly, the agency of 

 prominently, a V._ tates > Court hi producing the present 

 lL Encumbered Estates ^ P & r 



the Enc 



consi 



• to assise c»pii»*' a *«* - . T r . , . 



• Alices connected with the acquisition of land in 



sr^v ***** himseif as to 8 



of the commission. 



d hopeful state of the land interests through 



the agricultural chain. Having invited 



™>« to the appendix and tables which are de- 



igned £ assist capitalists in esUmaUngJhe various 



In 



. It has wen u* b f Gal and May0 wcre the most 



1S50 and 1861 the joun clviliBed ^.^ of Ire]and> 



hopelessly i£ olved a commission, an interval of five 



Ka#i Sw acres equal to one-fifth of the whole available 

 je * T \X these' two counties, have been sold in lots to 

 TiS ^nnrchasers lor a total amount of about 1,500,000?. The 

 * mK ^proprietors over this surface (including sub-sales by 

 B X?.tP Contract made subsequent to the sale underthe commis- 

 si has been increased fivefold; one-third of the purchasers 

 flaFnMish and Scotch, and more than one-half of the entire 

 JnmhPr have not exceeded 2000*. in their respective investments. 

 tw last together with English, Scotch, and Ulster farmers, 

 irttoi of late years on Clew bay and other districts, forming the 

 rnirteas of a middle class in the far west. Thus the wealth and 

 Skilled industry of our British neighbours have become indis- 

 ■Dlublr linked with that part of Ireland farthest removed in 

 ceo-raphicai position, as well as industrial progress, from the 

 centre of civilisation and imperial rule." 



firmer footing and greatly more comfortable, and, should this 

 weather continue, which can scarcely be looked for at this early 

 season, they would soon regain what they have lost. Cattle, where 

 well sheltered, have been improving satisfactorily, but with us 

 in the north are a scarce commodity this year, and will, in all 

 likelihood, be very dear. Fleshers complain that a fat beast, 

 even now, is difficult to be met with. At the close of last season 

 they were not only uncommonly dear, but difficult to be had at 

 any price, and not a few of our farmers found it impossible to lay 

 in their ordinary amount of winter stock, and consequently there 

 must be a smaller number to dispose of at our April market. 

 Sheep are greatly more abundant this year, and will, probably, be 

 cheaper comparatively than cattle. In the end of last season, when 

 cattle were scarce and high priced, there was a more limited de- 

 mand for sheep, and, consequently, not a few remained wind-bound 



amongst us, and for this reason there will be no difficulty what- 

 ever in 



terms than usual, tfood Turnip 

 an acre ; this, with the manure of the sheep, is counted remune- 

 rative. We have long been in the habit of estimating the 

 Turnip crop as a losing affair; but when counting the cost of 

 growing Turnips, or the expense of feeding cattle, it is surely 

 scarcely fair to debit the Turnip crop with the whole expense of 

 cleaning the ground, or the whole outlay for manure, as the 

 other crops in the rotation assist in putting the land into that 

 state in which cleaning becomes indispensable, whether Turnips 

 be grown or not, and as a large proportion of the manure applied 

 to the Turnips would be needed, and would be given too, should 

 there be no Turnips sown. It is, in fact, a recuperative season 

 with the exhausted soil, and it is rather much to charge an 

 assistant in the operation with the whole expense of the needed 

 manures and cleansing. 



US, ailU 1UL una [WBMi iucjo »»«.* ww »v/ ~..*.~-»w., - .. — 



having our Turnips consumed on more advantageous 

 an usual. Good Turnips are now fetching from 6L to 11. 



Calendar of Operations. 



JANUARY. 



Forfarshire Glens.— When the harvest has been favourably 

 concluded in proper season, the two last months of the year have 

 generally little that is interesting in the retrospect. Those just 

 past have^neteorologically been characterised by extreme fickle- 

 ness. One could almost believe that we denizens of the hills 

 were placed in a debatable territory, alternately in possession of 

 the storm spirits of the north and the gentle zephyrs of the sunny 

 south. One hour we are congratulating each other upon the singu- 

 lar mildness of the day, and the next have to retreat before a borean 

 blast more impetuous and more irresistible than a charge of Rus- 

 sian cavalry. The autumn has, upon the whole, been favourable 

 for agricultural operations ; snow has only paid flying visits, and 

 frosts, although sometimes severe, have been of short duration, 

 and less than the usual quantity of rain has fallen. Ploughing 

 has been pushed forward at all seasonable periods, and threshing 

 grain, storing roots. <&c, have filled up the intervals. The flocks 

 have been healthy during the autumn, and wt re never in better 

 condition at Christmas; they are all now divided and sent to 

 winter quarters. Cattle have had plenty of sweet straw and fresh 

 roots, and are progressing satisfactorily, and until Mr. Mechi's 

 " Fourth Paper" appeared were expected M to pay ; " but as many 

 here are more accustomed to produce before the public a well fed 

 ox than a correct balance-sheet, they feel the Tiptree dictum to 

 be rather a stunner. Mr. Mechi is worthy of all admiration 



Miscellaneous. 



Agricultural Statistics. — As the present experimental 

 collection of agricultural statistics will probably lead to 

 a more extensive inquiry, the following particulars 

 will | be interesting : — The West Riding of York- 

 shire is one of the counties selected for the present trial, 

 and it is satisfactory to state that the investigation gene- 

 rally is being met in an intelligent spirit by the tenant- 

 farmers, and in all probability but for the nonconfor- 

 mity of some leading occupiers, the number of dissidents 

 would have been much less than it is. The staff em- 

 ployed by the statistical committee of the Doncaster 

 board of guardians have just completed their labours, 

 and we find out of 1673 schedules delivered to the far- 

 mers within the union 1480 have been filled up by occu- 

 piers, 183 by the enumerators, and only 10 left blank. 

 The union in question comprises 53 parishes, within a 

 radius of 10 miles round Doncaster, and a population, 

 according to the last census, of 33,655 souls. The 

 extent of the union is 98,98*2 acres, of which 48,320 are 

 under tillage— viz. (in round numbers), Wheat, 17,029 

 acres; Barley, 10,061 ; Oats, 2258 ; Rye, 512 ; Beans and 

 Peas, 2742 ; Vetches, 416 ; Turnips, 10,162 ; Mangold, 

 117; Carrots, 8 ; Potatoes, 1,048 ; Flax, 15 ; other crops, 

 such as cabbages, &c, 333 ; bare fallow, 3,615. There 

 are 37,917 acres of Grass land, including 12,389 acres of 

 Clover, Lucerne, and other artificial Grasses; and 25,528 

 acres of permanent pasture. The number of acres oc- 

 cupied by houses, gardens, roads, fences, &c, is 1869 ; 

 and 383 acres of waste attached to farms. Woods and 



for the energy he has displayed as an agriculturist, and much .... ., „ onl u i • 



benefit will no doubt be derived from his published experience I plantations extend over 6301 acres ; commons belonging 



both as a signal of what must be avoided as well as an example I to parishes, 1159 acres; small holdings of less than 



two acres, 617 acres; and there are 2415 acres unac- 

 counted for. The numbers of live stock in the union on 



-Horses, 3806 ; 



of what may safely be followed. Before publishing his next 

 paper he must learn to reason more correctly, and not jump at 

 once to a general conclusion from a few isolated facts. If he 

 should say that live stock at Tiptree don't pay, nobody would 

 dispute with him ; but even in that case, if his language is not 

 misinterpreted, his farm pays better with live stock than it would 

 without them: if they do not pay immediately in a direct return 

 of cash, they would seem to do so indirectly in an increased pro- 

 duction of corn, and, therefore, ought not to be denounced as an 

 unprofitable speculation. It is not easy to ascertain exactly what 

 Mr. Mechi means by " live stock." In his own practice he seems 

 to purchase lean stock and dispose of it when fattened, and if his 

 experience goes no further, he is ungenerous in bringing a 

 general charge of unprofitableness against the whole beeve tribes 

 in every stage of their existence, and under every system of 

 ? a W e ™ ent - The London cow-feeders pay him a rattling price 

 ior ms Mangolds, and it is to be presumed they at the same time 

 maKe a lmng by cow-feeding. Many families in Scotland are 

 supported solely by the profits of live stock, which is a sufficient 

 iStT t I? i ? £ eneral question, as far at least as the northern 

 nav,wL a-% kln » dom is concerned. Different varieties of stock 

 HhPon . < }l fferei ; t m °<*es of treatment ; the black-faced breed of 

 Z W V • llce first-class mutton on pastures where South- 

 Z a T ei n? ters would starve, and Angus, Aberdeenshire, 

 ^nlif* ♦ her ? lg,l,and brecds of cattle in lik * manner can be 

 tS iSaL ^ P f. ectloa on food that may be unsuitable for fattening 

 of hnt/hl ate variefcies - A feeder of stock is a manufacturer 

 ^butcher meat, and if he regards his 



'aw material used does not e 



te of the manufactured article ... 



rones r.«r« n !? ker wh ,° should insist "P on « sin g Flax instead of old 

 on the wrn^ C c ' , / S 5 l f, raw materia l> a " d on finding his balance 

 world tw « tlie sheet should turn round and tell the 



w* th«shi P nJ er "?S lnff " don,t P^" The corn cr °P s are 



Proportion tnti^K,\^ r ? lly? in £ enera l the produce is not in 

 ^ com thar, f bulk of straw » but this arises less from a want 

 h %h price of *a a superabundance of fodder. The continued 

 the niunhpr ^ oduce bas ^creased the price of farms as well aa 

 a— *2 am| wr of would-be farmers. »— — « J ■ — J «» 



the \ 



they will at some period, especially 



good P tK r 55 the „ ^rrency of a lea 



the 1st of July, 1854, were as follows :- 

 colts, 969 ; milch cows, 2879 ; calves, 2787 ; other 

 cattle, including working oxen, 4065 ; tups, 728 ; ewes, 

 20,044 ; lambs, 23,290; other sheep, 10,756 ; swine, 6735. 

 It is obvious that an important item is still wanting 

 namely, the acreage produce of grain, but this is an in- 

 quiry too delicate to press at present. The opinion of 

 the farmers of the district in question is, upon the whole, 

 favourable to the project of agricultural statistics, and 

 would be much more so if they were fully assured that 

 their landlords had no means of access to their returns 

 a security which the temporary machinery employed 

 does not afford, as ex officio guardians are generally 

 landlords. Times, Friday. y 



that thn ,. 1 "" i% * " "° '«s*ius ma success must take care 



tional traint W ^, aterial U8cd does not exceed tbe P™P er propor- 

 of a n Z^IL , he raamifa ctured article. What would be thought 

 w a paper-maker whn chnnM ,*™;<,+ : ™... t_.^_j .r^u 



doubtl 



Inexperienced hands will 



uouotless find »l — t »«*»««cia. lircApeiiencen nanus wm 



the down train a es in the wro "£ b °x when prices return by 

 ^ose who alin R *»! doubtlea s they will at some period, especially 



w °PpinjrdnHn< W ;i? emselves t0 be bound t0 a fixed rotation of 

 good thin* . hff h ^ cu 7 e ncy °t a lease. A 10 years' lease is a 



tohg, both f«r I 4, , d rotation > be it what it may, is a very bad 

 15 Lto prcvem « nd ♦° rd and tenant The ob 3 ect of a A»d rotation 



over- 

 , if the tenant be a bad 



< it Reneran I * d ? 1 cing its value > wl,ich 



^^erseVedhln/ - t0d °* The landlor<rs interest would be 

 8 °ould be Wt ?n provid,n &by the terms of the lease that the farm 



**** at full lihf rT s P ecified Btate at its e *P»7, leaving the 

 ^Iture during ,, rt F t0 ad <>Pt the most approved systems of 

 Grantee that til! , currenc y> and his success would be the best 



P ri ceinthema.kp/ armsl i ould kee P both its character and its 

 y°» soon stfWft V. ne a raan t0 a stereotyped system, and 

 Actual barrier ZS* bis ideas of fanning, and place a most 

 Wester iw» to * us Progress. S. 



stormy weather »h After a m onth of uncommonly wet and 

 &n<i serene. w'hTaf nave x now had a week particularly fine, mild 

 Process; the JE&m * e last few dav *> has been making rapid 



"iter giJn ~i.f ai,, ? r S0W * IS looking thick «nrl liAnlrhv- i»« 



tnn A-"'^i anretttrt« r green cro P has Deen well nigh 



KrS*^ a ' ,d niannri i'^ *J<W«<» of lea has been ploughed 



&c. 



Sheen 6 ni! a '^ be ? n carted for Barley, Potatoes, 

 ue «P on Turnips find themselves acain with 



Notices to Correspondents. 



IIorsk Flesh : Taffy. The bones, &c, which you have found 

 will do perfectly to make a superphosphate of with sulphuric 

 acid. They must first be broken, torn, or ground, to a coarse 

 powder. As to your pigeon dung, we would mix it with turf 

 ashes, and drill it in with your Turnips; half a ton per acre 

 will show itself on the crop. 



Italian Rye-grass: T P. Sow 35 to 40 lbs. per acre broadcast 

 on a loamy soil when it is damp, and brush it in with light 

 seed harrows towards the end of April. This will ensure you 

 good food in autumn of the same year, and an abundant crop in 

 the following season. If sown after a green crop as Turnips 

 pulled, it will not need manure. Or it may be sown about two 

 bushels per acre with a crop of Barley, just as other Grass seeds. 

 — / N N. Sow it any time in April or May; or again after 

 harvest, provided the land is moist and with a sufficient tilth. 



Italian Ryk-Grasb and Liquid Manure : J. Mackenzie, M. D. 

 Dr. Kirkpa trick's experiments were detailed In the report of 

 Mr. Hamilton's paper, given in one of the November numbers 

 of the Agricultural Gazette. We will endeavour to draw up 

 such a statement as you propose of the actual manuring of Mr. 

 Telfer's land. 



Linseed: Simplex. "English Linseed/' i.e^ the Flax crop, is 

 of easy and profitable cultivation. Paper-makers cannot afford 

 to give the price per acre for it that linen manufacturers will— 

 and so while it is perfectly possible to make paper of the 

 Linseed fibre before converting it into linen and then to rags, 

 yet it is not likely to be done. — Cato. If you use plenty of hay 

 nr straw chaff, we should prefer Linseed to Linseed cake. Boil 

 the meal into a thin mucilage or soup; put plenty of salt, and 

 throw it over the cut chaff. 



Small Farm : Jl G. The answer to your question taken literally 

 is— ° Lay it nil down to Grass/' But we imagine that you have 

 not fully stated your case. You must tell us how much 

 permanent Grass you have in the 100 acres, and also give an 

 idea, whether by stating the rent or otherwise, of the quality of 

 the land. 



Time for APPLYING Manure: Young Farmer. Apply manures of 

 slow solubility in autumn, and of rapid solubility in spring. 

 Thus, we would apply farm-yard manure, whether to Grass 

 land or to arable (if we" had it), in autumn, either to pastures or 

 ploughed in with the stubbles. Guano we would put over our 

 Wheat in February and March, and nitrate of soda at intervals 

 in March and April. 



WEEDS ON WALKS. 



MR. FLEMING'S WEEDING or SALTING 

 MACHINE for GRAVEL WALKS, COURT YARDS* 

 &&, manufactured and sold by Alexander Shanks & Son, Ar- 

 broath. Forfarshire, from whom parti c ulars with prices m ay be had . 



SHEET GLASS (15 oz.) of good quality in 100 feet 

 boxes. 



10 in. by 8 in. and under 15«. per box. 



11 in. by 9 in. to 22 in. by 14 in 17s. „ 



Larger sizes to 28 in. by 18 in 19s. „ 



Also similar sizes in 21 oz. Sheet at 2U. per box. Boxes- 

 charged 2s. each, and returnable at the same price, if delivered 

 free. CRYSTAL WHITE GLASS, Crown and Sheet Glass in 

 Crates, British and Patent Plate, &c. &c. White Lead, Oils, 

 Turpentine, Colours, &c. — G. Farmiloe & Son, 118, St. Joha 

 Street, West Smithfield. 



CLASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, ETC. 



HETLEY and CO. supply 16-oz. SHEET GLASS, 

 of British Manufacture, at prices varying from 2d. to 3d. 

 per square foot, for the usual sizes required, many thousand feet 

 of which are kept ready packed for immediate delivery. 



Lists of Prices and Estimates forwarded on application, for 

 PATENT ROUGH PLATE, THICK CROWN GLASS,GLASS 

 TILES and SLATES, WATER-PIPES, PROPAGATING 

 GLASSES, GLASS MILK PANS, PATENT PLATE GLASS, 

 ORNAMENTAL WINDOW GLASS, and GLASS SHADES, 

 to James Hetley & Co., 35, Soho Square, London. 



See Gardeners' Chronicle first Saturday in each month. 



CLASS FOR CONSERVATORIES. 



THOMAS MILLINGTON'S present prices for good 

 16 oz. sheet glass, boxes included. 



6 in. bv 4 in. to 6 in. by 5J in. ... 13*. M. 



7 by 5 to 8 by 6 13 6 



8J by 6.Ho 10 by 8 14 >- per 100 feet. 



101 by 8i to 1-U by 10£ 16 



17 by 10V>lSby 12 18 



A great variety of sizes. Particulars had on application. 



ORCHARD HOUSE SQUARES on Mr. Rivers's plan, to* 

 whom I have sold some thousands of feet. 



Large Sheets for cutting up, in cases, at 2Jd. and 3i.per foot. 



HARTLEY'S IMPROVED ROUGH PLATE GLASS, Sheet, 

 and Rough Plate, Tiles, Milk Pans, Bee and Propagating Glasses, 

 Wasp- Traps, Cucumber Tubes, Preserve Jars, with and without 

 covers; Fern Glasses. 



Plate, Sheet, Crown, and Ornamental Window Glass. Crystal 



Glass Shades for ornaments. 

 Greenhouses, erected in either wood or iron. Garden Lights 



and Frames. 



87, Bishopsgate Street Without, London— same side as Eastern 

 Counties Railway. 



CLASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, 



PIT FRAMES, ETC. 



JAMES PHILLIPS and Co. have the pleasure to 

 hand their present prices of Glass for Cash : — 



SHEET SQUARES. CROWN SQUARES 



In Boxes of 100 feet. In Boxes of 100 feet 



£0 125. &J. ... a*. 6rf. 



• • a 



Under 6 by 4 



6 by 4, and 64 by 4J 



- n „ 54 



— 8h ,. 6* 



7 



8 

 9 



„ 5, 



• • • 



... 



• • • 



• • * 



... 



• •• 



7, 



10 „ 8, 12 by 9, | 



13 

 15 



10 



• •• 



• •• 



■ «• 



12 6 

 14 



12 by 10, 14 by 10 . 

 Larger Sizes, not exceeding 40 inches long. 

 16 oz. from 3d. to Shd. per square foot, according to size, 

 21 oz. „ 4jrf. to 6d. „ „ „ 



26 oz. „ 6d. to 7$d. „ „ „ 



SIXTEEN-OUNCE SHEET GLASS OF ENGLISH MANU- 

 FACTURE FOR ORCHARD HOUSES, the same quality 

 as we supply i o Mr. Rivers, and of various dimensions, always 

 on hand, 



Double-crown Glass of various dimensions in 100 feet boxes. 



Glass Tiles, J of an inch thick, packed in cases, containing 50, 

 at 11. 175. &/. per case. Packages 2s. each extra, but allowed for 



when returned. 



Glass Milk Pans, 2l5.per dozen; Propagating and Bee Glassesy 

 Cucumber Tubes, Lactometers, Lord Camoys' Milk Syphons r 

 Wasp Traps ; Plate, Crown, and Ornamental Glass, Shades for 

 Ornaments, Fern Shades, and every article in the trade. 



Horticultural Glass Warehouse, 116, Bishopsgate Street 

 Witho u t, London. 



GREEN AND HOT-HOUSES made by machinery. 

 at J. LEWIS'S Horticultural Works, Stamford Hill r 

 Middlesex. Sent to all parts of the United Kingdom. These 

 buildings are warrauted of the best materials, and put together. 

 in a superior manner. Being manufactured by steam-power, they 

 are considered the cheapest and best made in England. ^ The 

 Trade and Merchants supplied at wholesale prices. T *-* ~* 

 Prices by enclosing two postage stamps. 



List of 



HORTICULTURE 

 IN ALL 



ITS 

 BRANCHES. 



JOHN WEEKS & Co., King's Boad, Chelsea, 





4i* * 



- 





HOTHOUSE BUILDERS. 



THE NOBILITY and GENTRY about to erect Hor- 

 ticultural Buildings, or fix Hot-water Apparatus, will find 



at our Horticultural Establish- 

 ment and Hothouse Works, 

 King's Road, Chelsea, an exten- 

 sive variety of Hothouses, Green- 

 houses, Conservatories, Pits, &c, 

 erected, and in full operation, 



combining all modern improve- 

 ments, so that a lady or gentleman can select the description of 

 House best adapted for every required purpose. 

 The HOT-WATER APPARATUS, which passes through all 



the Houses and Pits, 

 affording both top 

 and bottom heat, is 

 in constant opera- 

 tion and particularly 

 worthy of attention. 

 Many of the Houses and Pits are of wide and lofty dimensions- 

 and together equal in length 1000 feet. They are all effectually 

 heated by one boiler t which, during the severe winter months, 

 does not oast in labour and fuel 

 more than St. Sd. per day, and 

 the apparatus is so arranged 

 tliat each House or Pit may be 



heated separately and to the ■ f " * wl iwi i i« ■ ■ i ■ ■ 

 required temperature. The 

 splendid collections of Stove 

 and Greenhouse Plants are also in the highest state of culti- 

 vation, and for sale at very low prices. Also a fine collection 

 of strong GrapeVines in pots, from eyes, all the best sorts. 



Plans, Models, and Estimates of Horticultural Buildings; else 

 Catalogues of Plants, Vines, Seeds. Jcc, forwarded on application 

 to John- Weeks & Co., King's Road, Chelsea, London. 



