4— 1S55.] 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



55 



« large and handsome, the plant itself has a 

 ***** «Iiv' appearance, on which account it is not 

 **** * T^a or generally cultivated. A good figure 

 ■"■T.^m, in Jacquin's < Hortus Schoenbrunensis," 



^- Ten i n Jacquin's » Hortus acnoenorunensis,' 

 lL l \t 339 published in 1798; but it was not until 

 a- that It was introduced through Spain into our 

 iZjLm* It is figured and described in the " Botanical 



ES"t l03l °> and " Botanical Magazine," t. 3352. 



wbB. 



fU Flub Potato.— In shape this Potato is an oblong 



t Jt\ Its surface is even, rather flat than otherwise ; 



S!!wth and diameter in a true specimen being about 



1 portions of 6 x 4 x 2 J. When dressed for 



^ £)le it is dry and floury, and of first-rate flavour. 



aLas, however, must take care that they get the true 



kind a for there are many good likenesses of the Fluke 



in the market, and which are sold for it. Those, how- 



r w jj h^e seen the Fluke once— especially when 



growing— will never mistake any other variety for it. 



SI tores are very dark green, the stems robust and 



erect until they attain the height of 18 inches, when 



♦jjey begin to fall abroad, and grow to the length of 2 



or 3 feet When the stems first appear they are almost 



y*ck s but as they progress in growth they gradually 



change to a dark green. This variety should not be 



planted at a less distance apart than 2 feet betwixt the 



rows, and 1 foot in the row. If planted closer the produce 



will be small though abundant, and much deteriorated 



in quality. That is the distance for ordinary cultivation, 



and if the soil is a rich light loam, 1 sack of 2 cwt. to the 



rod may be safely calculated upon. ^ Several growers in 



this neighbourhood have realised this produce in good 



garden ground, all sound and good, and 95 per cent. 



Urge and fit for table. As regards size of tuber, the 



ordinary produce is from 9 to 3 in. in length, with the 



proportion before given. The Potato disease has but 



little influence on the Fluke. Those planted in February 



of last year, in this locality, showed no symptoms of 



attack throughout the growing season, while Regents, 



Prolifics, Forty-folds, Champions, Cups, &c, were all 



cot down in June and July, and the tubers were much 



dbeased. The Flukes, on the contrary, remained green 



and healthy until September, and the tubers, with very 



trifling exceptions, were perfectly ripened and sound. 



Indeed, the fact is all but universally acknowledged that 



no Potato resists the disease like the Fluke. G. Dickson, 



bmtut HUl 9 Bristol 



all woody fibres of the stem proceed from the nascent 

 leaf-buds, and thence descend to the radicular extremity 

 of plants. Dr. Allemao states that his observations in 

 no way tend to support this theory. 4. Memoir 

 on " new species of Proteacece," by Dr. Meisner. In 

 the remarks prefatory to the technical descriptions 

 which formed the bulk of this paper, Dr. Meisner 

 remarks that since the publication of Brown's Pro- 

 dromus in 1810, upwards of 400 new species have been 

 added to the 204 Australasian species of that work, 

 namely 163 by Dr. Brown, 48 by Dr. Lindley,and 195 by 

 himself. The number of new species described or noticed 

 in this paper was 66, including 12 of which characters 

 drawn up from specimens in the Society's Herbarium 

 had been forwarded to the author by Air. Kippist, the 

 Society's Librarian. 



Notices 



£ooits. 



5>oriette& 



Lisman, Jan. 1 7.— The President in the chair. The 

 following papers were read :— 1. Extract from a letter 

 addressed by Rev. W. H. Hawker to the President, 

 relating to the discovery of several new localities for 

 torn rare Ferns and shells. Mr. Hawker writes as 

 follows :-" Last year I paid a visit to the English 

 lakes, and had the good fortune to find Polystichum 

 lonchitis growing near Ulleswater. I brought away one 

 plant, and sent a frond to Newman, who, however does 

 m mention it in his new edition. This year, in July, 

 I went to the lakes a»ain, and had the pleasure of con- 

 nrming the above discovery ; and, moreover, on my 

 mentioning it to other collectors up there, a search was 

 instituted, which has resulted in its turning up in several 

 i*local.ties in that district, e.g., Helvellyn, Fairfield, 

 «c. this Fern has never before been found in the 

 m country, I believe. Whilst up there this year, 



Jwa dayS ' bobtoisin g ramble with Mr. Clowes, 

 m Windermere, and on one of these days whilst clamber- 

 ing on a terrific precipice, I had the delight to find 

 Aspiemum septentrionale growing in quantity, and 

 rgot amongst them I found two plants of Asplenium 

 germanicinn j A guide was with me, who found close 

 ■w"«wm» dvensis, growing in some quantity— three 

 gwa uungs, were they not, to be growing on a spot only 



mJFh 8quare ? U was on an outcrop of the iron 

 F» n r C Ti? ems t0 me alwa y 8 t0 be a S ood matrix for 



twt T 8 took P ,ace n °t m any miles from Scawfell, 

 "lough not on it. It was of L nrB „ „!,; 



J> 



K a ~~ " was °^ course plain that the 



STnnw neV6r before been visited h y a botanist. 

 VhitSi Mi nd - Eu P horbia Cyparissias growing on 

 it on the . ln 8 reat quantity. I have gathered 



Welk ™,, mo , untam lim estone of Somersetshire, near 



natiTc' •• ? ould think k wiU P rove t0 be a true 

 run on Hi* Se Ptember and October I took a rapid 



was late • V° ntinenfc > U P the Rhine > &c - The 8eason 



Ferns kflledT™ WeFe m ° Stly ° Ver > 

 Wood*-. !r . down > so tha * on the Alps 



^oodsia a] 



and deciduous 



that on the Alps I 

 pina as I wished. I found on the Jura in 



Alps I did not gather 



wonderful luxuriance, I have dried 



Knowledge is Power, a View of the Productive Forces of 

 Modern Society, and the results of Labour, Capital, 

 and Skill. By Charles Knight. London. Murray. 

 Fcp. 8vo., pp.436 (7s. 6d.) 

 The object of this volume is mainly to present unlearned 

 persons with illustrations of the great principles of 

 political economy. The author has not attempted to do 

 this in a formal and systematical manner, which might 

 be repulsive rather than attractive, but he has 

 endeavoured to convey a knowledge of the fundamental 

 laws of social progress, by adducing examples illustra- 

 tive of the circumstances under which it has and has 

 not been made. 



* Without attempting to give this volume the formal 

 shape of a treatise on Political Economy, it is the wish 

 of the author to convey the broad parts of his subject 

 in a somewhat desultory manner, but one which is not 

 altogether devoid of logical arrangement. He desires 

 especially to be understood by the young; for upon 

 their right appreciation of the principles which govern 

 society will depend much of the security and happiness 

 of our own and the coming time. The danger of our 

 present period of transition is, that theory should expect 

 too much, and that practice should do too little, in the 

 amelioration of the condition of the people. 



Young persons and those who, although not young 

 in years, are little advanced in knowledge, are too apt 

 to regard a study of these matters as dry, uninteresting, 

 and to them, at least, unprofitable. The sooner such an 

 opinion ceases to be current the better, for, as has been 

 most truly observed, " it is only in the ignorance of the 

 people and their consequent mental imbecility that 

 governments or demagogues can find the means of 

 mischief ;" and if there be one study which more than 

 another is calculated to free the mind from pernicious 

 error, that subject is undeniably what is ordinarily 

 called political economy. Any work therefore which is 

 calculated to dispel the notion that political economy is 

 dry and uninteresting, and which, whilst it impresses the 

 great truths of the science upon the minds of the 

 young, engages their attention and induces them to read 

 on, is certainly a boon to society. Such a work is the 

 one, now before us. It is not altogether a new produc- 

 tion, but is a combination and expansion of two little 

 works by the same author, viz., "The Results of 

 Machinery" and " Capital and Labour," which have 

 both enjoyed more than ordinary popularity. As 

 an example of the manner in which the subject is 

 treated, we extract a paragraph on * making good for 



trade : " — 



u When a mob amused themselves by breaking win- 

 dows, as was once a common recreation on an illumina- 

 tion night, by way of showing the amount of popular 

 intelligence, some were apt to say they have u made good 

 for trade." Is it not evident that the capital which was 

 represented by the unbroken windows was really so 

 much destroyed of the national riches when the windows 

 were broken I — for if the windows had remained un- 

 broken, the capital would have remained to stimulate 

 the production of some new object of utility. The 

 glaziers, indeed, replaced the windows ; but there having 

 been a destruction of windows, there must have been a 

 necessary retrenchment in some other outlay, that would 

 have afforded benefit to the consumer. Doubtless, when 

 the glazier is called into activity by a mob breaking 

 windows, some other trade suffers ; for the man who 

 has to pay for the broken windows must retrench some- 

 where, and, if he has less to lay out, some other person 

 has less to lay out. The glass-maker, probably, makes 

 more glass at the moment ; but he does so to exchange 

 with the capital that would otherwise have gone to the 

 maker of clothes or of furniture : and, there being an 

 absolute destruction of the funds for the maintenance 

 of labour, by an unnecessary destruction of what former 

 labour has produced, trade generally is injured to the 

 extent of the destruction. Some now say that a fire 

 makes good for trade. The only difference of evil be- 

 tween the fire which destroys a house, and the mob 

 which breaks the windows, is, that the fire absorbs 



producers and the consumers would both be starved into 



wiser courses, and perceive that nothing makes good for 

 trade but profitable industry and judicious expenditure. 

 Prodigality devotes itself too much to the satisfaction of 

 present wants : avarice postpones too much the present 

 wants to the possible wants of the future. Real economy 

 is the happy measure between the two extremes ; and 

 that only « makes good for trade,' because, while it carries 

 on a steady demand for industry, it accumulates a por- 

 tion of the production of a country to stimulate new 

 production. That judicious expenditure consists in 



" ' The sense to value riches, with the art 

 T enjoy them/ " 



The work is profusely illustrated with prints of 

 machines, &c., and is well adapted for the instruction 

 and improvement of the intelligent of either sex. 



Ainsworth and Yeats ; a Treatise on the Elements of 

 Algebra. (Ingram.) This is a book of rules and 

 examples useful enough to an ordinary schoolmaster, 

 but scarcely adapted to the wants of those who desire 

 to learn something more than the routine of working 

 problems. As a companion, however, to such a work 

 as Professor De Morgan's Elements of Algebra, the 

 present volume may be found useful, owing to the great 

 quantity of exercises (with their answers) given in it. 



0n e8n r m*f j wisnea. 1 iouna on tne Jura in 



fore^s ofA *i As P lenium fontanum. In the Pine 

 *rowa in tK A1 P S and Jura Polystichum lonchitis 

 iome frojr * 08t . wonderful ' 



beautiful \ 22 i Inchea lon g- Its appearance is quite 

 ^Pfoe rock 2 o mm se P tentrionale > t00 > abounded on 

 b J John h \ A letter addres sed to the Secretary 



**dedin£f g ' q *> on the sub J ecfc of the Tunny 

 ^ at a f **P tember last at Tees Bay, and noticed by 



** the fish 6r meetin g- Mr. Hogg has ascertained ., , „ 



3- Extract fV** 8 rea '^ a Tu. n ny, and of very large size, capital for the maintenance of trade, or labour, in 



»^ A „ om a memnii. «nn+u A ^n fl n^ fl „j — tne proportion of a hundred to one when compared 



with the mob. Some say that war makes good for 



The only difference of pecuniary evil (the moral 



Sletitof 



memoir " on the origin and develop- 



— *-«%OI Vegftlkl • w«vuii 6 ui«uuu t TtlUp- 



fkak*" bv n J S monoc °tyledonous and dicotyledonous 

 •Wand o^ r# . " A1 femao,of Rio de Janeiro, trans- 



* *• pa^T UDlcated b y J " Miers > E 8 *!- In a note 



^ firing :k- t transl *tor observes that Dr. Allemao, 

 2*% {TT ati0DS ' was de airous of testing the 

 l hot -**y*iJ ry fir8t 8U ggested by Du Petit 



& Jtfehaod J5^ receml y modified and supported by 

 ■^1 WJk c< ? Qtend s> contrary to the views of 



met eminent physiological botanists, that 



trade* 



Garden Memoranda. 



Messrs. Jacksons* Nursery, Kingston. — The show- 

 house here is at present gay with Hyacinths, double Van 

 Thol Tulips, Chinese Primroses, winter flowering Heaths, 

 Camellias, Red Indian Daphnes, which quite scent the 

 whole house with their delightful perfume, and the 

 cheerful yellow flowered Jasminum nudiflorum. The 

 latter is a most valuable shrub for winter decoration, as 

 it requires little or no forcing to bring it into flower ; 

 and its blossoms, which are produced in great abundance, 

 last a long time in perfection. 



Between this and the other glass-houses is a straight 

 walk, on either side of w T hich are beds of Conifers, and 

 among them we remarked one filled with thriving plants 

 of Cephalotaxus adpressa, which has been proved to be 

 perfectly hardy. Among other out-of-door plants we 

 noticed a collection of the finer kinds of Rhododendrons 

 in pots, all unusually well furnished with flower-buds, 

 and in excellent condition for forcing. 



To the left of this walk are two span-roofed Orchid 

 houses filled with a well varied and excellent collection 

 of these favourite plant?. Among them the orange 

 coloured Calanthe curculigoides was in flower, as were 

 also Leptotes bicolor, several varieties of Lycaste Skin- 

 neri, the orange flowered Epidendrum vitellinum, the 

 useful Barkeria Skinneri, the curious rather than beau- 

 tiful greenish yellow Rodriguezia planifolia, and others.. 

 Among such as were not in bloom we noticed some 

 thriving plants of the different kinds of Anguloa. These, 

 it was stated, do best while growing to be kept constantly 

 very moist at the root. There were also many fine 

 specimens of Dendrobes, Trichopilia coccinea, which is 

 found to succeed well in a comparatively cool house ; 

 Odontoglossum hastilabium, Insleayi, nebulosum and 

 membranaceum, the last coming into flower ; Oncidium 

 bicaliosum throwing up a strong flower spike, and a 

 variety of Cattleya called sulphurina, which is reported 

 to be even handsomer than C. citrina. A fine plant 

 of Cattleya superba was just going out of bloom, and 

 of the best variety of C. intermedia there was 

 a large stock, as there was also of Barkeria spectabilis. 

 Of the latter there were at least a hundred plants, all of 

 them on blocks, hung up near the glass. Miltonia 

 spectabilis succeeds uncommonly well here, being green 

 and healthy, without any of that yellow colour which it 

 generally has. Plants of Oncidium Papilio were 

 numerous, as were also those of the useful Dendrobium 

 formosum ; Vanda Roxburghi grows strongly here, and 

 there were numbers of thriving specimens of Aerides. 

 Of the singular looking Uropedium Lindeni there were 

 seven plants, together with other rare and valuable Orchids, 

 which were intermixed with Ferns, Draccenas, Aphelandra 

 Leopoldi, Marantas, and other plants remarkable for the 

 beauty of their foliage, which serves to maintain a certain 

 amount of gaiety at this dull season of the year. At 

 one end of this house was a boxful of variegated 

 Orchids, which were covered with long panes of glass 

 laid loosely across the box, to which, by simply moving 

 the panes, as much or as little air could be given 

 as might be deemed desirable. In a damp corner 

 Lycopodium stoloniferum was growing luxuriantly, 

 and for such a situation few plants are more suitable or 

 have a better appearance. 



In a cool-house was a plant of Epiphyllum truncatum, 

 quite 6 feet high, worked on Cereus speciosissimus; 

 This rotted off at the root some two years ago ; but on 

 cutting the stem through just above the decayed part, 

 and letting the cut surface touch the soil, it threw out 

 healthy roots, and now the plant is as firmly established 

 as ever it was, and has produced abundance of bloa 



The Camellias and Azaleas in the different houses are 

 well set with bloom, as are also the Rhododendrons, 

 of which there are large numbers here, more especially 

 of the Sikkim kinds. Among the latter were fine plants 

 of Thomsoni and ciliatum ; the latter, even the smallest 

 of them, covered with flower-buds, and for spring deco- 



•in 



evils>dmit of no comparison) between the fire and the ration few plants are better adapted. Of yellow Rho- 

 war is, that the war absorbs capital for the maintenance J J J * ~ 1 ~~ ? ' * J J ~ -1 



of trade, or labour, in the proportion^of a million to a 

 hundred when compared with the fire. If the incessant 

 energy of production were constantly repressed by mobs, 

 and fires, and wars, the end would be that consumption 



dodendrons there also promises to be a good display, 



the different varieties of aureum being well set with 

 flower- buds. 



In the Heath house some of the winter flowering 

 species were in blossom, and others were full of bloom 



would altogether exceed production ; and that then the | buds ; with the latter depressa was unusually well 



