74 



Til AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



,MML fur example, 



■a 



B** taken. l 



txtract torn tht evidence 



Tmu«« ** I oilcake manufacturer-— I 



hare ga m db eti vluiUrtl ca*», not frequently, but hare done 



fc VtMm it I to • dealer, ea*ily d liable from 



ltep*eftke ; «• dlJfen Ice varies from ftj. to & 



ton betw»«n « ami .\i uatard ; there it a little d encc in the 

 Co #.cak* U <>( a green colon M ntard-cake Is yell >w. 



True minriiai TTurr are eererai kind* of Rape-eake, and 

 ••▼era! ktede o lltwu A man in the trade could dla- 



dagviai best I never mix Mustard and Kape in manufac- 

 ture. E niMiUwun buy damaged cake when I have a customer 

 wh- viotN cheap cake. 1 to net then mix the cakes. 



By the* -anally epeaking the quality U eaaily d 



ifcafc -iikjlv I never saw any green M tstard-cake : 



taken 



diminished, so as to meet the neceflBties of the younger 

 calves which v I be coming on in succession. This is 

 the more needful, as 1 never, if it can possibly be 

 avoided, give them any liquid except unadulterated 

 milk— warm from the cow. When there is a necessity 

 for resorting to a substitute, I generally use sago boiled 

 in water till it forma a thick jelly, and allowed to cool 

 to the same temperature as the milk with which it is 

 mixed at the time of feeding. My cows are milked 

 three times a- day, and the calves fed as often, the milk 

 being carried direct from the byre to the calf-house. 



calves have attained to eight weeks old, their 



„ carting 450 



#t ■■ 



Mustard-cakes do not vary mnch tliev can 



not vary much In coleor. Brown m JL* . *.«; 



colon This U titfl coloured meet ™ ! 



it. l.auchfter/) have the 



never saw any so green as this; this is an average colour of green 



Rsse-cake. Brown Rape-cake can be toll rr>m I vn Mustard mid-day allowance of milk is usually withdrawn 



se much browner. 



reeu Kape-cakes d 



try mnch in 

 gnstard -cake . I will not taste it. iughUr 



Mr DnaiatY— There U not a bit of atari in it. I will call 

 Mr. Solutt to prove that it Is Rape-cake. ( Laugh t 

 The J\ .a tastes it, arid says- It Is Rape-cake 



Di -That la Rape-cake, f Laughter.) There la the 



ble M ; CKitm. ( Renewed laughter.) 



J a* -*eos (teete-t — I should still say it is Mustard-cake. It is 

 Strong : than the Rape. 

 Mr !' last eat all that cake. 



We suppose ! fr. Jackson to be, as represented, a 

 pepon of experience, and it appears from his 

 e dence that an examination, such as may be 

 made by inspection, tast* &c, on the spot. 

 fcila to I (tiisJi the 

 horn the poisonous Musi 



Voaxcmt letter at p. 42, it is plain tl t the dif- 

 ferent* does in the dry cakes ; the forma- 

 tion of the p so: as ir ant— the characteristic 

 volatile oil of M rd— being the result of macera- 

 tion in cold water, by which, or rati: by the 



peculiar Cementing process which rants, a hamlet 

 substance tiled n c acid is converted into the 



faritatinir oil of Mustard. Th* aHpnfmn ti/Wk has 



DISTRIBUTION OF HORSE LABOUR^ 



We shall detail the mode of cultivation of each of 

 crops in due rotation on a farm of 240 acres sh • 

 the quantity of horse-labour required in each in* 

 when it is most proper to have the work done *> 



The Field No. 1 : 30 acres ; 25 acres in Swedes and k 



in Turnips. ' ao 



** 



The kind of horse labour re- 

 quired for Turnips. 



The months when 

 the work should be 



done. 



;/ 





h*t* 1 ected I the trial to this subject will be mmr . 

 fulj is e v beacon is that points out dangers, risks, 



Ud liabilities. Whether from fraud nr rnrolftfittrtDaa 



have the milk for the younger calves which are almost 

 entirely dependent upon it It is always with very 

 great reluctance that I allow anything to be mixed with 

 the milk by way of helping the quantity, as the certain 

 coaeequence of doing so is, that a sour smell meets you 

 on entering the house, giving evidence that there is in- 

 digestion to a greater or less degree. The cows at this 

 season should be fed with white Turnips, as the quantity 

 of milk is greater than when Swedish Turnips are used, 

 and, moreover, much more wholesome for the calves. 

 The milk from the latter is certainly richer, 

 . , but a lengthened trial has satisfied us that it has 

 wholesome Rape -cake a tendency to induce inflammatory attacks in the calves 

 r d. Indeed from Dr. fed upon it As the calves get from four to six weeks 



old we remove them from their cribs into a larger house, 

 where eight or ten can be accommodated together and 

 have room to pick about ; and when the fat cattle are 

 sold they are put into the most sheltered feeding yard, 

 where they have still more room and are gradually pre- 

 pared for being turned out to the home paddock. 1 am 

 never in a hurry to put thera to Grass, and have them 

 brought In at night for several weeks after they are 

 turned out. At four months old they are entirely 

 weaned from milk, and are put upon a piece of good 

 seeds, and continue to receive at least a pound of oilcake 

 daily during the summer, or until they have so evidently 

 taken with the pasture as to le imp / in cond 



They should not lie out at night very late in autumn, 

 but so soon as the nights begin to lengthen and get 

 chilly they should be brought into a yard at night, 

 and get some second cuttings of Clover, Tares, 

 or such like, and Turnips whenever they are ready. 

 Whenever put on Turnips the daily allowance of oil- 

 cake must be renewed and continued all through the 



* .M .1 — 



ploughing in the manure ... 



„ cultivating the ground with 



three horses 



„ a double turn of the heavy 

 harrow 



„ carting 300 loads of short 

 prepared dung 



„ cultivating deep to mix the 

 dung on the surface 

 a double turn of the harrow 



rolling... 



• • • 



11 



„ drilling up the land making 



two drills at one bout 

 horse-hoeing Swedes... 



: 



■ . • 



»> 



January & February 



March 

 March 



May 



May 



June 



June 

 June 

 June 



June 

 July and August 



9 

 6 



■15 



This is 20 days in January, 10 in February, 39 in March ttk 

 May, 33 in June, 9 in July, and 9 in August ; in all 135 days. 



No. 2 : 30 acres in Wheat after the Turnips. 



To ploughing the land with a shallow 

 furrow 



„ a double turn of the harrow 



„ drilling the seed in rows 10 in. 



apart 



,, a double turn of the harrow 



• •■ 



The months 

 when the work 

 must be done. 



October 

 October 



October 

 October 



80 



6 



3 

 6 



This field requires 45 days of two horses in the month of October. 

 No. 3, of 30 acres : 10 acres to be in "Winter Beans. 



The n*hl Farmer$' <■ mtk has, by Us cor- 



esponde and otherwise, recently been usefully 



if< nz ts readers on the Ream* \nd Fsedi 

 0? Calvs. ; and as the subject will soon, in the 

 order of the season, be forced u\ a the atten m of 

 all stock br* rs, we will contribute to the discus- 

 sion a description given us of the method adopted 



in Berwickshire f one of the most intelligent ™ nUjr ana B P*™g «ntu they are again 

 farmers in that county. I* i« »* Am********* t n.^ I This 



value of the letter that iu _ „ «^. M% ^ f „ 



it describes a practice which was successful then, 

 and is successful still, in what Mr. Mian does not 



labour required 

 Beans. 



It is no detraction from" the" I ™ s not . raere,v promotes their growth, but as far as 



cpenence of five or six years can determine the 



've^ — the 



I rear about 25 annually, and pursue substant 

 the same system, which 1 shall endeavour to civ* vn 



t, it appears 

 often so fai 



many farmers from breeding altogether. 



It is well to keep in view the purpose for which Lin- 

 seed cake is used at the different stages of their growth. 

 W hen first given the object is to accustom them to a 



cows • our It il?- f "" i P , fr0m eight to ** whole80m e ^d nutritious kind of food, which when 

 cows . our ealcukuon being that each cow should keep once taken to enables you to rear a greater number of 



„ a ?<i* M the 8 rowin g <* ,ve « on » fiiven quantity of milk; and then a^ain, 



fro 



To cultivating the land twice across 



each other 



„ a double turn of the harrow 

 „ carting 200 loads of manure 



„ ploughing the land 



„ two double turns of the harrow 



„ drilling the Beans 



„ horse-hoeing twice 



... 



••• 



... 



••* 



... 



. • • 



... 



... 



The months to 

 do the work. 



August 

 August 

 August 

 August 

 August 

 August 

 April 



Days' 

 work of i 



man and 

 two horaet 



9 

 2 



i 



10 



4 

 2 



a 



These 10 acres of No. 3 require 31 days' work of two horses 1b 

 August, and 2 days in April. 



No. 3 : 10 acres in Carrots. 



The kind of work required for 



Carrots. 



«• i 



for oar pu 



we 



7* 1 Sri » 8 ? ke 7" °, ther " 6V 'i a My Ukes P lace when the y a™ weaned from milk 



thwmnBt h^. \^fav f . n T ber 0f calves '' anU lmve Gra8s on 'y t0 depend «Pon. But I give 



-«T*T!!, . *. ^ y . tende ncy to fatten, and come cake during the following winter aW with Tnrnin? 



with a little bruwed erain. would fatten tho™ « n „ A n.. 



To carting 250 loads of manure 

 „ ploughing in the manure 8 in. deep 

 „ cultivating twice across ... 

 „ manuring the double time 

 „ roiling and drilling 



« •• 



••• 



Time when the 

 work should be 

 done. 



• « • 



August 



August 



March 



March 



March 





Days 



work of I 



man and 



twohoraa 



10 



i 



3 



beet. In other wordi, they must be well-bred short- 

 borns.only p» } i ng more attention to their milking pro . 

 pert** than is usually done by breeders of bulla. We 



eneral attempt breeding bulls ourselves, but 

 one of the noted breeders in Nnrth„ m k— 

 jorchase as good 

 aim for two or threo 



to 



return 

 have 



»n one as we can get ; use 



. „ '. *nd then fatten him, and 



to the same source for a fresh one. In order to 



allow t£ rf. * bt M P038ib,e ' m >' P ractice is to 



SI 1 f . ?• ? ° D m ^ own farm ' and 8om e others in 

 the ne.ghbourhood, to send their cows to my bull gratis. 



on cond.t.on 0,at I al.aU get the calf at fair market^ 

 f I re.ju.re it. In tins way I usually have my entire 

 lot the geny of my own bull. I en vour to have 

 aL^" 9 -,' ^' if Po-Me, betwUt 1st Febnaary 

 S^nlt . P k> If t* mremnch *"««. the cow. get 

 £r 'J™ ? ef ° re thC e^* 88 C,me8 ' i( tlie y «e much 



well at rather less expense. When put to Grass 

 as year-olds, they grow decidedly better on seeds than 

 on old pasture. However, if they have been well done 

 to, and are very forward in condition, they will do better 

 on the old pasture than they would if leaner. They 

 should be put on Turnips again as soon as the latter 

 are ready • and it is seldom that we give anything more 

 than Turnip, and straw. We feed them all in open yards 

 wUh a good warm shed attached, care being taken to 

 keep both yard and shed, but especially the latter, well 

 Uttered, that they may always have a comfortable bed 

 to tempt them to he as much as possible. They are fed 

 twice a day in troughs built along by the yard wall, 

 into winch the Turnip, are put whole, and chopped by 

 a transverse .knife which cuts each Turnip into four 

 pieces. Globe Turnips are used till near Christmas 

 and then Swedes till May, when they are usual! S' 



the lot. If thev «_M :ii C"«^"j "£-7.;^™''. ♦"" ?l U ""V h ve now stated everything of importance 



I ebroary, it would connected wuh your inquiry, and niuch, I dare Ly, that 



This crop of 10 acres requires 15 days' work of a pair of hootf 

 in August, and 11 days in March. 



No. 3 : 10 acres in Potatoes. 



The kind of work required for 



Potatoes. 



To carting 250 loads of manure ... 

 m Ploughing in the manure deep ... 

 „ ploughing the land the 2d time 

 „ harrowing a double time 



„ cultivating twice across 



„ drilling for and covering the 



Potatoes ... 

 „ horse-hoeing twice w 



,, drilling up the Potatoes ... 



Time when the LjM. 

 work should be 7™^ 



done. 



• e ■ 



" ■ « 



• ee 



September 



September 



Fe b ruary 

 April 



April 



April 

 May 



June 



mi 



5 



10 



10 



5 



6 



2 

 3 



This crop requires 15 days' work in September, 10 days ifl 

 l eDruary, 13 days in April, 2 days in May, and 3 days in June. 



No. 4: 30 acres, to be in Wheat. 



The kind of work required for 



Wheat. 



I 



The months 

 when the work 

 should be done. 



■lit all purposes 

 •Ab soon as i 



you knew better about before than I could tell you. The 

 leading feature of our system, as you will perceive, i. to 



tt £±? " prote^r- 8 "• b ° rD ' takiDg C8 P ecial 



progressive improvement If at any 



To ploughing the land twice after 



the roots are off 



„ a double turn of the harrow 



„ drilling the seed 



,, a double turn of the harrow "[ 



• i e 



• • • 



November 

 November 

 November 

 November 



30 

 6 



3 



6 



IS 



k*y until 



what the dam 



little of its mvr, *^i^-/ \\7 r y 8 "* w » ™ d g ets a mad e up. It is also of the greatest imnnrtnn, 



s milk from the pail as soon select the calve, with care, J^ Z^U 



more than you canjhjhonughju^io all along. 



There has beenlio annonlicinTent made as yet in 

 accordance with the Act for the provision of a 

 Metropolitan Market instead of Smithfield ^ and on 

 lafiKft! ^.^ect's office, we "ere inlo^eS 



This crop of Wheat requires 45 days' work of a pair of hors* 

 in November. 



J?°L 5 : 3° acres, in Mangold Wurzel. 



The kind of work required 

 for Mangold Wurzel. 



J. pcrtHe. For the firsi" /or^ight HJ Sk 



J, eat a ntt^akUtlS? S ft «**%" 

 oilcake should be brokeTaW tt ■ *\ T UrnipS - The 



ready to put mto its mouth after 



rear 



it is then disposed to suck anTth 



»t hold Off. Bv dninrr *U\ a . UTS 



naTe a piece 

 ng its milk, as 



mformati 



trough, it will 



tua««, and putting 



It 



was 



Mm «*-. «-l * e ~ ' l WlU a °°n Will 



To ploughing first time 

 „ harrowing a double time 

 v carting 450 loads of manure 

 „ ploughing in the dressing 

 „ cultivating " 



» narrowing a double time 

 „ carting 300 loads of short 

 manure 



cultivating and mixing the 



short manure on surface 



„ drilling up the land for 



ploughing... 



„ norae jioeing 4 time* 



The time to do the 

 work. 



Oct.,10;Nov.,10;Dec.lO 

 Jan., 2; Feb., 2; Mar. 2 

 Jan., 3; Feb.,3;Mar.3 

 Jan.,10;Feb„ 10; Mar .10 

 April, 4; May, 5 

 April, 3 ; May, 3 



April, 3 ; May; 3 



April, 4 ; May, 5 



April, 4 ; May, 5 

 May, 6 ; June, 6; Julv pj 





9 



9 



IS 



for iSJrft *&?> l °/ the arran g em ents, and among itheSo^ i°rl? me rJ h in, Cr ° P - r T ire9 10 da ^ ***** October, 10 days in : NJJJ 

 for when it has fairly | tion of the Monday as th* ™$Ta™ l ° the ret ^' ^l°JT k^M-M* ^ys in January, i5 days in Feh^ 



7JT'" ;/r it 7 woa y 8 1Q Apnl, iJ7days in mayt ' 

 1 June, and 6 days in July ; in all 132 days of two horsei 





