

Till: AC ItTC'Ul T1RAL GAZETTE. 



pn nor. n betwc n him and " b«* 



ref»r<!t the far. !*••! fit emit of this country. A Tei 



I I havBkn 



I the bill. ! In the aarne lecture a letter Mr. Gutter book's raise- club Mr. Hunt, of Wortley, read a paner^, 



furthtrand tend you 1 contract nui uiv uw, j (u ub huub owtn; a leuii vi -■•»• «•«>«■ -■ji»v ...^o:*.^.^ *...-. i.uuv, »* — »«7, ■.«*•%» * paper on Ti 



II! undertake t lar nn objects p on the acore of labour and its interfering subject, from which we made the following extract 



with the necessary lab< ur 



reen and root crops at the * I have to explain to you a few experiments I'haveT^ 



* season with different kinds of artificial manures ^ 



^^B met put heavy expe 

 eases where, in a purchase to the amount (if thousands, 

 ae » hole amoo&t * have been absorbed if the pur- 

 ch***r'i solicitor had not had sufficient n ral courage 



to waive the legal rights of his client. A pure t-er is, 

 however,! nntly situated. and aeneralv forewarned. 



own .h^in*. l.k*. .,!*« in the winter. wuen certain. v we , ^^^^JST^LSS^L S-lSS?- 1 ^? tfft* 1 



rrat 



man 



"IT '■ — * " 



till _;e of ro and green crops do not demand manual I myself; 

 labour. Any difficulty in ring and mmer labour I 

 think may !>e removed by usins in the intervals a horse 

 and a drill grubber, or other similar implement, all that 



is necessary 



e per acre, the results were computed by Mr. P, lrr L 

 ; as follow :— To lot 1 was applied 2 cwt. of best Si!! 





m a * 



and the ftOMont mentioned appears to be indeed ex- ? clean. There cannot be a question that three-fifths of 



|lanation. A *unty $ 'or of 35 the Und is under crop, but 1 go farther than Mr. Clut- 



u*ve without e 



Y*w» Practice. [There is no que* ton between Mr. 



\f and his solicitor. This, we may mention, was 



expressly told us by him in an accompanying note. 



The case was described, not for its personal bearing at 



all, hut »imply as illustrative of the general subject.] 



Spade Ifustkin y. — A correspondent (J. Hamilton) 



cost of She 

 saturated > 



liqo 



f *«* chaS 

 tank f- AfgT 



terbuck, and assert that in effect the whole land is 

 cropped, and in this I conceive lies a great advantage of 

 the system, that while a full crop is obtained a fallow is 

 got too. The crop draws in its nourishment from all 

 the circumambient air of the whole field, while to the 



careful examination we both arrived at the same conclusion v_ 

 the Turnips manured with the saturated charcoal were at 5? 



onn.i I m hull' +/\ 4-l^i^ Ia^ *-r\ r» *\n ***-v*4 ... I il. . .. _ t ^^ 'CHj 



superior* 



declares his intention of as well fr- in the worked intervals as from the parts 

 cultivating 50 acres with the spade. With your per- actually occupied by them, or the whole theory falls to 

 mission I will *tate a course Of croppi? which I have the ground, for it is built upon the organic sufficiency 

 fowd beneficial, and possibly it miv he in some respects of the atmospheric matters absorbed by the whole field, 

 new to 1 i. My land (i) acres) is a stiff clay mixed and on their operation in rendering soluble and acees- 

 wlth tint, with a chalk subsoil several i<vt \m ftlh the sihle to the roots of the plants the inorganic substances 

 surface. The nmrso I have followed is rive-fold. 1. I in the whole of the ground But the greatest benefit 

 Betas.— Fo* these the ground is well manured and dug conferred on agriculture by the I ; s-Weedon plan has 

 with the Ksfitish »pade iu die autumn. The Bens are been overlooked. It is not as a whole in itself that we 

 put rows 2JJ inches apart with a one-horse drill 



plough ; they are hand and horse- hoed, and every weed 

 carr hilly extracted. As soon as the Means are cut the 

 rse-hoe is again sent to work across the I lean stubble* 



2 The land befog now quite clean, the W heat is drilled 

 t% by the same drill plough, without digging the ground. 



advantage from this plan is saving of • xpe-nse in 

 digging the laud, a firm seed-bed, freedom from wire- 

 worn an seedling weeds. As soon as the Wheat is 

 carried a man goes over the ground, and careful! v digs 

 ap every weed B. The groan d is then prepared for 

 the third crop (Oat») thus:— It is dug two spits deep 

 with a spud or fork, about one spit in three of the 

 sub* b» - thrown on the top, the rest m :•♦ ly turned. 

 This work cat be don* for about i^d.or 5 s rod [?] 



3 r of guano can be added if necessary, i. The fourth 



erop is a reel one, for whkh the grosmd is weeded, 



manured, and dug roughly in the autumn, and it works 

 down finely in the spring. 5. The roots are followed 

 by Wheat and Barley in equal proportions. This 

 WSBpkefe* the rotation. My stock is confined to my 



fcor*e, cow*, an d pigs, who « troe the Oats, Beans, 

 Barley, and roots, and mako a large supply of manure, 

 P. R. 



I \\ 





must prize it, but as a part : it is in a connection with 



the general cropping of land— as a clean and disin- 

 tegrating preparation for other crops. After a few 

 years of such a system of grain growing, of Barley or 

 Oats where the land is not fitted for Wheat, how clean 

 and well prepared is the land for the reception of small 

 seeds, whether those of our ordinary green crops or 

 of Clovers and Grasses ; how highly oxygenised, car- 

 bonated, and ammoniafied with an abundant supply of 



inorganic matters in a soluble state or ready to assume 

 it ./. M. Qoodiff. 



I *Under-gn Manuring" a Novelty?— I see by 



tl Gardener* 9 Chronicle of Saturday last that a Mr. 

 Wilkiaa has taken out a patent for under-ground 

 immuring, and that he has had ability enough to induce 

 the good people of Oxford to subscribe a sum of money 

 to carry out what he calls his experiment. As the 



gardeners near Chelmsford have been in the habit of 



using this plan for the last eight or 10 years, in conse- 

 quence of the late Mr. Wix, solicitor, of Chelmsford, 

 who was an excellent gardener, bavin- got the prize 

 there for early Celery grown in this way, I should like 

 to know U a toll is now to be levied upon those who 



wide dis- ,l *- Ve '- ong l)een accustom *<* to the use of this mode of 

 cusston it the Uie-W don inquiry, I think there is 



still mneh tn h* .*, ! ;» tk+ matter. I must think that i »{?™ ^ ar8 . 8mce U was ao used b ? m y desire - Mr- 



\y ix's plan is to jdace two rows of common land draining 

 i pes one on each side of the Celery, and the liquid 



\Vn tr ° d " Ced hy the u I >ri S !,t P'P 6 ' M described in Mr. 

 \> il is s plan. The objection to any permanent laying 

 down of pipes is that it is well known by agriculturists, 

 although probably not by a chance audience either 

 at Oxford, Reading, or London, that the roots of 

 Mangold Wurzel run a Jong way for their food, and 

 that, consequently, these roots would soon block up the 

 pipes; and if they were kept out by cement or collars, 

 or any other scheme, the object of introducing the 

 liquid manure in a proper manner would be most 

 certainly defeated, as you say it can never be adopted to 

 any extent except in gardens, and I confess 1 gee no 

 advantage alter eight years' experience (of this now 

 called new science) in having the pipes permanently fixed. 

 1 am decidedly of the contrary opinion. I must enter 

 my protest^ against this scheme being considered a 



using liquid manure. My gardener tells me it is now 



wen among the moot scientific, the best instructed, 



has been some misapprehension, some overlook- 

 ing, an i am* | e more practical certain re have 

 been t y often mistakes, and a shortsightedness which, 

 a spite of the very plain instructions of Mr. inith, has 

 M tr and failure in attempts to work out his 

 plan, i n Mr. Smith himself, if I may without 

 presumption, may do more thai the needful in bringing 

 up so ten and so much of the cruder subsoil, an 1 thus°, 

 in the cost of an annual double digging, ; ing an 

 obstacle to the more general adoption of his plan, to 

 the re r_ »r*l acceptation of his principles. In a 

 f l •*•" sat'-ly replenished with the inorganic 

 food plants, a far 1 * quantity of it exposed to 



atmospheric influence would surely supply crops of 

 greatest demand with enough of it. Ind. 1, the amount 

 of orga .atter that the air can supply is but sufficient 



> act on a ry small part of the inorganic substances f n — „ 



that are brought up, and I see not the necessity for ^° . *?' A, t tno "g» Mr. Wix has been dead some years 



.i. .- a. ^— it miffht easily be ascertained when, where, and how he 



Bringing up more of the latter than the former can , . — # - 



saturate. Mr. Piper in his experiment, so far from " adopted the P lan - A « this scheme is altogether upon a 

 „ „ ;p anj milwnil An** .,«♦ «. — i.w:_ _ .. contrary DrinoinU I- **—* -■ ■■-" — r 



nnlcr actiTe soil. 



brincing up anj su oil, does not even bring up the 



tin-lcr act, re soil. His light manuring may in s „ n , 



:ree lurnish a sucedaneum for deep digging • bat 



it not powibte that the mere keeping open the surface 



atmospheric mflow may be miffi, at to induce an 



bso 



crop 



In the late lectnre on Mr. Smith's system 

 -. -—- $ Ur. Dai -ny »eems to overlook that Mr 

 bnutli uses up his amicmiacal manure on those crops 

 to which the natural supply is not sufficient « I do not 

 t hrojr away my manor, says Mr. Smith, and I must 

 think his objection to its general application is rather 

 weak Dr. Daubeny admits that the rganic supply 

 from the a,r .s sumci, nt, which is indeed all Mr. mith 

 contends for, but observes, " before such a result" (the 

 general applicability of the system,) "can be arrived at 

 A any I ,d of confidence, trials must I* made on 

 nmestoues and on granites aa well as on clays and 

 loams, and on light soils as well as on h*avv m » 



Vntil ■ K.- i j •. . . neavy ones. ■,— ~w 5"v » nrruicc. 



inanvi «S " *T' " " im P OS9ibI « to predict ! "kes, invoiced them a 

 Lnu ^ I W L Case that * suffi «-^nt amount of am- ~" " ' 



process of pulvensatmn, to answer our purpose and to 



Sin. l-H?„ y ^ Und ' r due Pulverisation, its wTrface 

 being kept open and unpuddled. can refuse to absorb all 



contrary principle to that adopted at Tiptree Hall, no 

 doubt it is open to try various extensions of this mode 

 of growing plants. Any man with a few pipes mav 

 easily satisfy himself of the advantage of P g r 0W S 

 Celery by this plan. I have no doubt°of the fruth of 

 all the circumstances stated I y Mr. Wilkins ; I onlv 

 enter my protest against its being considered a novelty" 



wha°t U T h"' k * T' h "J 15 ' 6 5° U « at » l -rty to sta e 



?/£//£? Sa 'i m th r <*"*<»"* Chronicle. J. f. 

 lyrtU, Borcham House, Jan. 29. 



quality in consequence of the guanoed Turnips being morer 



long necks. Mr. Simpson's lot we considered a good ba*L? 



The bone-dust lot and the sulphate of ammonia lot not new 



good. The cost of the charcoal may be considered doubtful 



I have the opportunity of obtaining it from Lord Whamclilr 



woods and plantations without payment, but I may remark t\l 



previous to ray using it a person was allowed to make it fori? 



by paying 1*. per cart load, which would contain aboutS 



bushels. It is necessary to explain that the material I sp^v? 



is not made from the cordwood, but merely the small branrtL? 



which are generally left after woodfalls and thinning of r ^w * 



tions. The burning of this into charcoal I let to a person^ 



plying him with a horse and cart to convey it to a shed? 



the farm, where he passes it through a riddle in rf? 



to separate the larger lumps from the small, and I »» 



him 2d. per bushel upon the whole. I then take t2 



first opportunity of putting the large lumps through tk 



bone mill, which process reduces them almost to a powd» 



which is then returned to the bulk. Having two liquid roanuri 



tanks at the farm, and on an average 40 to 50 head of cattle fe«i 



ing during the whole of the year, of course a large amount tf 



liquid manure is produced, which, during the summer montht 



is applied to the frequent cuttings of Grass consumed by t5 



cattle. After I have ceased cutting Grass, which this season tool 



place about the 10th of November, I apply the liquid to thechtr. 



coal until it becomes completely saturated ; this I continue tod. 



until I again require the liquid to apply to the Grass land, i Q 



order to obtain as early a cutting as possible. I have not ha* 



sufficient experience to be able to state the quantity of liquid a 



given amount of charcoal will absorb; but Mr. Dawson bt» 



stated that when the charcoal is fresh made it will absorb about 



80 times its weight. I have tried sawdust and other matters « 



an absorbent for the liquid, but have never found any thing equal 



to charcoal. I also find it an excellent deodoriser, so much* 



that, when a heap containing upwards of 1000 bushels has bwu 



completely saturated, no smell can be detected. As I befon 



stated, the burning and riddling the charcoal costs me 2d. per 



bushel, therefore it we add ltf. per bushel for other labour, it * 



be 3d. per bushel, which, at 30 bushels per acre, amounts to 7s.6i 



per acre. I do not add any cost for the liquid, as that article I 



think may be valued at such various prices by other people. For 



my own part, I profess to produce it over and above a fair profit 



in my feeding operations." 



Mr. Hunt then described his method of preparing 

 land for the Turnip crop : 



" I endeavour to have the land cleared of twitch, &c. r in tia 

 autumn previous, when I commence as early as possible to car. 

 and spread upon the land the full quantity of solid manure I 

 intend it to receive ; and as fast as the ploughs can do their work, 

 I have the same ploughed in as deep as possible (not less than 

 1 foot where the soil will admit). I then allow it to remain in it! 

 rough state until the spring of the following year, and when dry 

 enough it is dragged, harrowed, and rolled ; after this it remains 

 until the time for sowing arrives. I then (without any mow 

 ploughing) ridge up lightly with a common plough one way, sad 

 cover in the saturated charcoal in the usual way on the return of 

 the plough, when the seed is deposited by the drill as quicklvai 

 possible when the weather is dry. I have invariably found by 

 this system a much finer mould on the surface obtaiuedJhan 

 after spring ploughing, in consequence of which the Turnips 

 a quicker start r which we all know has a good deal to do with the* 

 future prospect of the crop. It was frequently remarked during 

 the late extremely dry summer, when Turnips generally gave up 

 growing, that the Turnips in the Wortley Farm continued to 

 -row. Tins I attribute to the manure having been ploughed ia 

 in the autumn to a good depth, and by not being disturbed by 

 spring ploughing the moisture it had obtained during the pre- 

 vious winter was not removed, but was quietly sought for and 

 abstracted by the roots of the Turnips striking down to it. It 

 has been frequently said that the cultivation of a farm ought 

 somewhat to resemble the cultivation of a garden in the prepara- 

 tion of soil for Turnip growing, and I think the remark is parti- 

 cularly well applied. Now, if we watch a market- gardener or a 

 seedsman preparing his soil for the reception of seeds to be sown 

 in the spring, we invariably find him applying his manure and 

 digging it in to a good depth in the autumn, leaving the surface 

 as rough as possible, to be acted upon by the atmosphere during 

 tlie winter; but we do nob'find him in the spring of the following 

 year destroying by more digging the loose surface thus obtained. 

 instead of which, he contents himself with simply using the 

 rake to level the surface, knowing well that the exposure to the 

 atmosphere during winter is a much more efficient pulveriser 

 tiian the facing process he is able to submit the soil to. Such I 

 nave found the case where I have prepared the soil for Turnip 

 growing as above stated." 



Observing in your last 



Poiscmcnis "Rape" Cake 

 week Vn per a relire.ee to ^M^IiCUS 

 » Russiu firm* had sold f„ r U He cakes to a broker! 

 Hull and Which broker had sent them to a farn er M " 

 had fed some beasts on them which had after a *hort 

 t.me died, we, as the sellers of said cake, bei Jo 

 enclose >oo a report of the s.cond trial *. hWhS 

 respecting them, from which you will see the firm hi 

 quesuoo got a verdict. The calces the, sold Z SJ 



s such, and after doing all 



neceseary * s sellers, thev su-p to u* i , i 



acco nntable for £ ignor.nce'mamUd bj a roklr 



»bo uric, sampled the K»l b T1)<?y i™^' 



£Uutctu& 



Remarks on the Tuberous Plants proposed as Substitnta 

 for the Potato, <L-c. By F. F. Merat, Member of the 



Central Society of Agriculture, Paris. 

 I he Potato crop of last year has proved so generally 

 successful that we may venture to entertain the hope it 

 raay be continued to us in renovated vigour and produc- 

 tiveness. Looking back to the many notions which 

 have occupied men's minds as to the probabilities of 

 finding some other tuber-hPAH™ rOnnta which ty 



ffiffiyy?? *^ ca ^%> joa would notice 



this trial, because for the agriculturWt it ;,,„, 



the amn ,ia that falls^?' TZT ? T™ a " ^ ™ d ^T* ^ «*""** ° f ™* - SSr orderly 

 bility of alteration, bat rf -Li' * " 0t ,? f ,h,s ^ £"« * » acquainted with cak S ° tdm <0 



Of continual working the surf^ & /l ' k '' ! 

 the crop, the retention of Z^S /, gr ° W ' h ° f 

 than tt absorption of it, fTS JUt?* >•» moment 

 to drink it in aa it fall, « r'elenti' * £ $Z Sft 

 fore,g„ to the question, excepting in so far J u T u 

 w.th respect to all tillage andWfruitf ulnSa 5 a!l IS? 



Uavtrley Street, Hull 



. - . t - tuber-bearing plants 



culture might replace the diseased and declining 

 1 otato we have been amused, and in some respects in- 

 structed, by the perusal of the treatise published by» 

 rreneh gentleman under the title above given. 



W e picture to ourselves so many raw striplings pre- 

 senting themselves as substitutes for good men and true, 

 to a recruiting officer, and rejected as unfit for sen** 

 trorn some serious defects. First the Dahlia advances** 



St 



es. James Butler 60 ' ,D8 P ection - Fort y years ago, the author informs us, ij 



>| was supposed that in this plant was discovered a riv* 



_ Farmers' 



V\ AKEFIELD.— 7 he I'ftcti 



various kinds of Manure 



Clubs. 



on the Turnip Crop of 

 At a recent meeting ot this 



inspect 



was su _ 



of the Solanum of Peru 



its large tubers were 



offered 



in France as nutritive for man and beast, but rejected 



* The firm stated as bein* a Rn HH *«„ -c 



member i. . German and the o*£ L^nSa " n0t S ° ; oue 



as an esculent when tasted ; and no wonder-tb< > 

 retained as a handsome showy sentry in a garden. te rf 

 comes the Boussingaultia baselliiides, vastly above out 

 ordinary military standard, even before it was lowered 

 to 5 feet 4 inches- of gigantic proportions, worthy of tW 

 sesquipedalian name, being about 18 feet high, wlt " 









