^1355.] 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



93 



our 



This would afford 



On the 



. Te^t may be profitably applied to 



t* *lre\\K * nd chalky Wa8t6 % 



Sadji P^'v in distance and expense 

 »»^ f*2U as much as 6000 tons per Scotch 

 i** ^ Hed ' but that appears to me hardly a 

 "*• ip ^L t ity. Still, if such large quantities 

 <L ua , H. _ limited an area, it is clear that 



c^ ** ? PP L npnnv per ton the cost need not much 

 ZZLa of one penny y *„ „*!,:„„. 



fc** 1 of r"li!in7. " Six thousand tons at one farthing 

 ____ This would pay ; for 



*B*0! 



'^Zk one farthinsr. 



*"* ild be 6?. 55. per acre. _ . 



lotting of the Edinburgh meadows to the 



j* »rer»g* ^ ag * am informe d, last year 21*. per 



ttw-keeper^ > evidence of the beneficial effects 



1*1 An waste lands that were a few years 



^ town sewage on waste 

 U worthless and barren 



I 



hend no one will doubt the economy of 



^Son of fl« ids b y tubes > seein s that b y road 



tnnsmi .s cuar g e of carting near the metropolis 



ctn ?! g L at least 8cZ. per ton per mile. There is no 

 rfoor being overwhelmed with cheap hay or super- 

 ^f^ «;nv hv this process, for our metropolitan 



wTrfani milk by this process, for our metropolitan 

 Z^ts become annually more and more gigantic, but I 

 ?Low from extended and minute observation, that 

 jL infants and juveniles of this metropolis would 

 «Lent a very different muscular and general develop- 

 £Jt if this scheme were carried out, for now the 

 ^hed wrecks of noble short-horned cows, observable 

 a everv green patch around the metropolis, speak 

 Tolumesof the thin sky-blue which is vainly expected 

 br fond parents to form the bone and flesh of their dear 

 iadren. Their pallid faces and feeble limbs present 

 aftllible evidence of defective nutrition. In conclusion 

 I do hope that this club of practical agriculturists will, 

 by their resolution this evening, stamp their opinion of 

 & necessity for this great national economy. (Hear, 



bear, and cheers.) 



Cuthbert Johnson admitted this was a most important and 

 ■portnne subject, but one fraught with difficulty. The great 

 icalty was not in persuading the farmers of England of the 

 mt value of sewage manure, but was to be found in the fact 

 tktfthey had never been able to avail themselves of it. (Hear.) 

 It wis also forgotten in any experiments that had hitherto taken 



& that the sewage of a town was of the greatest value the 

 r it could be removed from it. A new light has now dawned 

 ■on the subject through the great efforts of Mr. Chad wick, who 

 hu ably shown that the further every form of sewage was re- 

 moved from the habitations of the people the better. One result 

 of that gentleman's labours was that the towns have resolved to 

 ■ike an effort, and the Metropolitan Commission of Sewers, 

 of which he was a member, had last week decided to form a 

 large sewer, commencing near Lambeth, which, after traversing 

 Southwark,Rotherhithe, Greenwich, and Woolwich, should finally 

 •pty itself at Pin instead, where it would be pumped into a 

 luge reservoir capable of containing the whole sewage of London 

 for 24 hours; and at the first ebb of the tide the sluice gates were 

 to be opened, so that this matter, which was of the greatest 

 value to the English farmers, might be carried out to sea. He 

 hinted, however, that when that plan was finished, some men 

 would be found who would come forward and take the subject up, 

 •o that the sewage .of London might be distributed over the 

 ftiwty grounds of the county of Kent. On the north side of the 

 ?er also a great 6ewer was to be made, which was to empty 

 itself at Barking Creek, so that on both sides the sewage of 

 London would be made available for agriculturists. After quoting 

 tM opinion of Professor Way on the subject of the sewage of 

 JTOi M»d: giving the results of the washings of the streets of 

 jjeidon, all of which contained potash, and would be washed into 

 tie new sewers, Mr. Johnson proceeded to state that when the 

 Owen in the sewers were collected together in a solid form, the 

 ™jre used it, and he felt certain that when the sewage of 

 wown was collected togither in the way proposed by the com- 

 BWttoners that they would again avail themselves of it. With 

 2*™ to his own experiments, he might state that they had 

 *■ jery satisfactory. He had had the soil analvsed before the 

 Wttions began, and had had it done since, and he intended in 

 »»course of a few days to publish the result. The grass which 

 Jjaooeen subjected to the action of liquid manure was an object 

 jsre« attraction; and he had had no less than five full cuts 

 wnThS' his nei £ hoours °n the other side of the hedge, 



Hit n*i !? Uf ? d liquid manur e> had only had one cut and a half. 

 »ereonf ° rop was ripe while ' as he before Btated > his 



could K'?' . of Sussex > felt certain that if the sewage of towns 

 KechLifl ,?l d by tlie formers at the prices named by Mr. 

 m g" *°uid be used to the full extent. All questions of a 



HewJ fi n ^ erequitebe y° nd whatthe 7 had met to consider. 

 JQinare ifi^ armers would avail themselves of the liquid 

 ^creforfl J y i. COuld S et *t, "but they could not, and they were 

 tfciferri i 5^ ^ to content themselves with the solid. He 



^^ and n u m ° de 0f dressin S the land vas h f li( l llid 

 ptDpe»ed mrrf i thft farmers wanted was to get the plan 



** if th<* • ? ?** ( Hear ) It was a question for capitalists. 

 ■«mre tL V n ^ favour the farmers with cheap liquid 

 r mj would in return favour them with cheap food. 



**ght soiU^^' ° f Worcest er, knew that land irrigated with 

 •^ nunv in ♦ rendered thr ee times as valuable. Having 

 ***&* advant °k S where ,il l u id manure was used with the 

 tn d ^ncludeT h §e ' co ™ plained of it on the ground of nuisance, 

 r *7*& and n«s J* y r( ; niar king that if the town sewage were con- 



wrmM c „ ..«..«, ««v ..*, ,«*, *« U wi doubted 



X r n ° f any use on ^ cla 7 land - 



Cfti8i ^ration I ^r Said tbat he had cons i d ered the subject under 

 ?^ ai ned of Vn DQan ?' years ' and with regard to the nuisances 

 * ttJ »t was iu !r lfc was caused b 7 th e mode of distribution. 

 m * tended tK case with the water meadows, which not 

 f* a8edt yphus fl r,r r ? t !n shee P.-o«t where villages were near, 

 ST S ^ouia not »i? her fevers tergdy t0 Prevail. In Italy, the 

 i^nnisancp ^f. a water meadow within six miles of a city. 

 *° b? fcted m? med of in the use e f liquid manure would 

 ^temoreaff ? r ! ess b ^ the use of the jet, and the object 



S^metdows ti lypromoted - Inthe CMe of the Edinburgh 



W? p ^ s - AfterVf n - nt 0f the space W0llld P a ^ for P uttin g d <>wn 

 JWfeeen nbviatL J* 11 u g various instances in which the nuisance 



Z iu ose the «^ y e use of the M he went on to say that 



?$"• He knew S 6 ar ? a would be fertilised to five times the 



ge had been an lnstance w ^ere no less than 90 tons of 



altogether. In conclusion he stated that by the adoption of the 

 plan proposed he considered there would be a grand future for 

 agriculture (Cheers). 



Mr. Moore stated that he had read a report printed in 1826, 

 upon the water meadows of Scotland, in which it was stated that 

 land which had previously been not worth ls.per acre was then 

 worth 505., and that only for Grass land. He thought it a lie, and 

 had travelled 300 miles to see for himself, and was really 

 astonished. In using solid manure there was great waste, but 

 one of the beautiful features in the use of the liquid manure was 

 that you could feed the crop whenever it required it. With regard 

 to the objection that it would be of no use on cold clay land, he 

 could state from his own experience that it would not if the land 

 was not drained, but where that had been done no land was so 

 productive as clay land when cultivated with liquid manure. In 

 proof of this he conld instance the case of Glasgow, where the 

 sterile land of that neighbourhood had been rendered very pro- 

 ductive. 



Mr. Sidney should like to see some experiments carried on on 

 a scale proportionate with the importance of the subject, for he 

 was tired of hearing of the results that had been obtained from 

 the sixth of an acre or from a wine glass (laughter). 



Mr. Nesbitt had had his attention directed to the subject for the 

 past 5 or 6 years, and had ascertained from experiments that you 

 could only separate the sedimentary matter from the liquid. But if 

 was of the greatest consequence that you should in taking the solid 

 also obtain the soluble nitrates and other salts; but that had not 

 as yet been done, and they were all allowed to flow into the river. 

 He thought it was only by collecting the whole of the sewage 

 matter into a reservoir, and pumping it out again, that the valu- 

 able parts, which the land most needed, could be obtained. He had 

 no doubt that liquid manure was of the greatest use to green crops ; 

 but with regard to cereals, one drawback would be, that if the 

 crop had a dressing and a wet season was afterwards to set in the 

 whole of the crop would be laid. (Hear.) He trusted that some 

 plan would be brought forward for saving the sewage of towns 

 and for letting the farms have it, considering, as he did, that it 

 was of the greatest utility to them. It was a disgrace to the 

 country and the age in which we lived, that so much valuable 

 fertilising matter should be allowed to escape to the sea. (Hear.) 



After a few words from Mr. Acton, who said it was a curiou* 

 thing that the Grass on Kennington Park, which was laid on 

 land composed of nothing but night soil, should have turned 

 yellow, and from the Chairman: Mr. Mechi (said he wished to 

 disabuse the minds of all present that liquid manure was not so 

 good on clay as light soil. He was certain that those opinions 

 would differ if parties were only to see it in use. He concluded 

 by moving a resolution to the effect that the Club considers that 

 sewage manure might be rendered of great value ; and that, if 

 it could be supplied at a cost sufficiently moderate to warrant its 

 use, its introducer would be entitled to their gratitude. — Mr. 

 Oakley seconded the motion, which was put and carried. 



Mr. Smith, of Rye, proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Mechi, 

 which was carried by acclamation. 



A vote of thanks to the Chairman concluded the proceedings, 

 and the meeting broke up. 



Miscellaneous. 



It is with regret 



Death of Mr. Bold\n of Lancaster. 

 that we announce the death of Mr. Bolden, well known 

 in the agricultural world as the owner of a valuable 

 herd of short-horns. Mr. Bolden was in his 70th year, 

 and was one of the few breeders of short-horns con- 



temporary with the Collings' 

 the time of the Ketton sale. 



who possessed a herd at 



HOT -WATER PIPES at wholesale prices, with 

 Elbows, Syphons, Tee Pipes, and every requisite connec- 

 tion. Cast Iron Boilers, 55$. each. Improved Soot Doors and 

 Furnace Doors. Builders 7 Castings of every description kept in 

 Stock at — Mr. LYNCH WHITE'S, Old Barge Iron Wharf, 

 Upper Ground Street (near Blackfriars Bridge), London. 



*** finest ffi ,So! n the dr T sands of Bagshot, they would m 

 w ^ther iunnii P OU , nd in the world » but he ver 7 miicl1 dout 



Calendar of Operations. 



FEBRUARY. 



"Wester Ross, Feb. 5.— After a fortnight of severe frost we 

 have again a return of fresh weather with easterly wind. The 

 frost came very opportunely, as there was much manure to cart 

 out, which could scarcely have been accomplished in the previous 

 wet weather, but which was satisfactorily and speedily executed 

 when the wettest field afforded as firm footing as the best made 

 road. And there are many things which are apt to be overlooked 

 or forgotten until the season comes round when the ground is 

 locked up, and the ordinary cultivators laid aside. Fresh weather 

 has returned in time to admit of field operations being gone on 

 with as early as is desirable, and it is not at all likely that we 

 will now have a protracted frost or snow. A pretty large breadth 

 of Wheat has been already sown, and. weather permitting, a 

 good deal more will yet be laid down. The price of Barley has 

 this year been low compared with the price of Wheat or Oats, 

 and the likelihood is that there will be a smaller breadth of 

 Barley and a larger proportion of Wheat sown than last year. 

 The price of Oats is generally higher comparatively in this 

 county than that of any other kind of grain, and is just now as 

 high as the London price of Oats. A large proportion of our soil 

 is well adapted for growing Wheat, and a very large proportion 

 of the county is under sheep, and as our population is still 

 respectably numerous, and as Oatmeal forms their staple food, 

 especially since the Potato failure, we find that we can scarcely 

 grow Oats enough to supply our necessities, so there are annu- 

 ally imported a few cargoes of this commodity from the more 

 exclusively Oat-growiug counties. Potatoes are once again to 

 be prettv largely planted, on the faith that should we 

 have a visit from the disease this year at all, it will make 

 its appearance in a mild and harmless form; and, besides, 

 although the disease came so early last year as to leave 

 us no Potatoes to ship, and very few fit to eat, yet what we 

 have got are an admirable size for planting whole. The 

 disastrous attacks of that disease with us hitherto have been 

 biennial, and believing this to be now its established habit, we 

 look for a respite this season. There is a great deal of distr* 

 and poverty throughout the highlands, caused by the Potato 

 failure. The farmers' expenditure this year bids fair to be larger 

 than usual. Artificial manures of all sorts are more costly; 

 wages of man, woman, and child, are increasing, and, by and 

 bye, the farmer is likely to find that even should present prices 

 continue, they would not be greatly too much to meet the 

 increasing outlay. 



HORTICULTURE 

 IN ALL 



ITS 

 BRANCHES. 



JOHN WEEKS & Co., King's Road, Chelsea,. 



.'-:&*.' 



HOTHOUSE BUILDERS. ■ 



THE NOBILITY and GENTRY about to erect Hor- 

 ticultural Buildings, or fix Hot- water Apparatus, will find 

 at our Horticultural Establish- 

 ment and Hothouse "Works, 

 King's Road, Chelsea, an exten- 

 sive variety of Hothouses, Green- 

 houses, Conservatories, Pits, &c, 

 erected, and in full operation, 

 combining all modern improve- 

 ments, so that a lady or gentleman can select the description of 

 House host adapted for everv required purpose. 



The HOT-WATER APPARATUS, which passes through all 

 the Houses and Pits, 

 affording both top 

 and bottom heat, is 

 in constant opera- 

 tion and particularly 

 worthy of attention. 

 Many of the Houses and Pits are of wide and lofty dimensions 

 and together equal in length 1000 feet. They are all effectually* 

 heated by one boiler, which, during the severe winter months 

 does not cost in labour and fuel 

 more than 3s. Sd. per day, and 

 the apparatus is so arranged 

 that each House or Pit may be 

 heated separately and to the . T 



required temperature. The c k^St^tf Srx -H\ 

 splendid collections of Stove 

 and Greenhouse Plants are also inthe highest state of culti- 

 vation, and for sale at very low prices. Also a fine collection 

 of strong GrapeVines in pots, from eyes f all the best sorts. 



Plans, Models, and Estimates of Horticultural Buildings; also 

 Catalogues of Plants, Vines, Seeds. &c, forwarded on application 

 to John Weeks 8c Co., King's Road, Chelsea, London. 



GLAZING WITH OR WITHOUT PUTTY. 



DftNCH, Patent Hothouse Work's, King's 



Road, Chelsea.— Printed Price Lists supplied on appli- 



E. 



cation. 



SHEET GLASS (15 oz.) of good quality in 100 feet 

 boxes. 



10 in. by 8 in. and under 1.5*. per box. 



11 in. by 9 in. to 22 in. by 14 in 17*. „ 



Larger "sizes to 28 in. by 18 in 19s. „ 



Also similar sizes in 21 oz. Sheet at 24s. per box. B«- 



H 



charged 2*. eaeb, and returnable at the same price, if delivered 

 free. CRYSTAL WHITE GLASS, Crown and Sheet Glass in 

 Crates, British and Patent Plate, &c. &c. White Lead, Oils, 

 Turpentine. Colours, &c— G. Farmiloe & Son, 118, St. John 

 Street, West Scoithfield. 



GLASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, ETC. 



ETLEY and CO. supply 16-oz. SHEET GLASS, 



of British Manufacture, at prices varying from 2d. to Sd. 

 per square foot, for the usual sizes required, many thousand feet 

 of which are kept ready packed for immediate delivery. 



Lists of Prices and Estimates forwarded on application, for 

 PATENT ROUGH PLATE, THICK CROWN GLASS,GLASSI 



TILES and SLATES, WATER-PIPES, PROPAGATING 

 GLASSES, GLASS MILK PANS. PATENT PLATE GLASS, 

 ORNAMENTAL WINDOW GLASS, and GLASS SHADES, 

 to James Hetley & Co., 35, Soho Square, London. 



See Gardeners 1 Chronicle first Saturday in each month. 



CLASS FOR CONSERVATORIES. 



THOMAS MILLINGTON'S present prices for good 

 16 oz. sheet glass, boxes included. 

 6 in. by 4 in. to 6 in. by 5.J in. ...ISs.Sd. 



7 by 5 to 8 bv 6 13 6 



81 by 6i to 10 by 8 ... —14 J- per 100 feet. 



10* by Sh to U% by 10J 16 



17"by 10'to 18 by 12 18 • 



A great variety of sizes. Particulars had on application. 

 OKCHARD HOUSE SQUARES on Mr. Rivers's plan, 

 whom I have sold some thousands of feet. 

 Large Sheets tor cutting up, in cases, at 2£ef. and 3rf.per foot. 

 HARTLEYS IMPROVED ROUGH PLATE GLASS, Sheet, 

 and Rough Plate, Tiles, Milk Pans. Bee and Propagating Glasses, 

 Wasp Traps, Cucumber Tubes, Preserve Jars, with and without 



covers ; Fern Glasses. 



Plate, Sheet, Crown, and Ornamental Window Glass. Crystal 



Glass Shades lor ornaments. 

 Greenhouses, erected in either wood or iron. Garden Lights 



and Frames. 

 87, Bishopsgate Street Without, London— same side as Eastern 



Counti es Railway. , 



CLASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, 



PIT FRAMES, ETC. 



TAMES PHILLIPS and Co. have the pleasure ta 



*J hand their present prices of Glass for Cash :— 



SHEET SQ VRES. CROWN SQUARES. 



In Boxes of 100 feet. In Boxes of 100 teet . 



£0 12s. 6d. — &». 6d. 



to 



Ctbbt 



2? 1 5 P whwp C H»f r -° wn on a Scot ch acre, and of no case of 

 S^rperacre „ 1 _ n( 2> eased produce had not been more than 



w?Hiid manure Jt ? usey aIS0 ^re testimony to the use of 

 ft?*** ^ the n J f \ ,e 8tated that «»s crops had been largely 

 ifrjl * 3 'n the IL **!? wate r-drill. The greatest difficulty 

 jJ-JJeehi wia th Z ot . th e adoption of the plan carried out by 



2? 1 ' The Falun J\- w \° should Pay. the landlord or the 

 JJ*tertha«*i- -■ - of liquid mann»V« a <•-„ *~- ♦,• — 



k 



WJne 



ss 



""Off for a — **"i_ x ^ I,u wuue tnc sona was lying 

 mto thp u I 5 e ^ hance shower to come and was 



we land the better portions were escaping 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Gobse : B. The Rev. W. D. Fox, of Deiamere, Cheshire, has been 

 kind enough to give us the following replies to your questions : 

 The Gorse seed commonly sold in the seedsmen's shops is the 

 only kind of s< Some will sell it as t French Gorse.'' but I 



do not think it is the least different. Decidedly sow where it 

 is to remain ; but it would also be a very good plan to have a 

 quantity sown in boxes — old Orange boxes answer very well, 

 and can be got for almost nothing — in order to fill up vacancies 

 in September. If your ground is very foul, I would altogether 

 sow in beds, and transplant in September, and you can clean 

 the land, but, of course, it is much more expensive, and if the 

 land is clean it will grow much better sown where it is to re- 

 main. It is more readily sown by forming the land into drills, 

 but the less they are raised the better. Manure will much 

 improve it, but is not necessary. If the drills are 2 feet apart. 

 a horse hoe can be free I v used for cleansing between rows. 



Italian Ryk-G am.: Parvus Agricola. Vie .all publish a full 

 statement on the subject on March 10. 



Under 6 bv 4 



6 by 4, and (U by 4* 



r 



s 



9 



P • a 



»•• 



* • » 



• »• 



13 



t •* 



n 



5, 



15 

 10 



12 6 

 14 



10 „ 8, 12 by 9, 



12 by 10, 14 by 10 , 

 Larger Sizes, not exceeding 40 inches long. 

 16 oz. from 3d. to 8W. per square foot, according to size. 

 21 oz. „ 4?}<f. to bd. „ „ „ 



2ooz. „ 6d. to7£d. „ „ „ 



SIXTEEN-OUNCE SHEET GLASS OF ENGLISH MANU- 

 FACTURE FOR ORCHARD HOUSES, the same quality 

 as we suppi/r to Mr. Rivers, and of various dimensions, always 



on hand, 



1 > >uble-crown Glass of various dimensions in 100 feet boxes. 



Gias Tiles, J of an inch thick, packed in cases, containing 50 t 

 at II. 17s. <M. per case. Packages 2.?. each extra, but allowed for 

 when returned. 



Glass Milk Fans, 21/. per dozen; Propagating and F»ee Glasses, 

 Cucumber Tubes, Lactometers, Lord Camoys' Milk Syphons, 

 Wasp Traps: Plate, Crown, and Ornamental Glass, Shades for 

 Ornaments, Fern Shades, and every article in the trade. 



Horticultural Glass Warehouse, 110, Bishopsgate Street 



Without, London. 



