

108 



TIM AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



[Feb. I? 



th© ruli y ut tlu»r Uuid, winch 1.1*7 hni it tn^ir mu- 

 mt to do. T tragi! within two miles of lh« town, t\ j 



[ archaae little to»%/j n«Nfl, »«J tlw scare* ly know 

 the ate of gtian- The rent of their land, which is of 

 fair. alily, « I average nearly 41 pet acre* being in 



r» t aluiie a charge of nearly 8/ per cow. Their produce. 



new i Ik, fetches 2d. per quart. On their s ill 

 holdings the farmers maintain themselves (observing 

 -srict fnMaJity) in decency and comfort. I have the 

 means of knowing that thsj pay their rents j.roinj tly 

 and without murmur ; they grumble at the borough 

 rates, which h;ive been recently imposed, the neigh- 

 bouring town having not long heeu incorporated. They 

 4ure so sore about these new borough rates, i hat if they 

 had the c iance 1 should not he turprised it they would 

 rsKnquitth the right of voting for their council, and 

 perhaps even their mernb* i\ if at the seme time they 

 could relieve themselves of their I ew burdens. 



On the other hand, and at a greater distance from 

 the town, the land is in much larger holdings farmed 

 by tenants, some of whom pay 400/., 60<) / , and 800/. 

 a-year. A considerable oronortion of these is in ner- 



b levied on 



I 



his 



feel 



on that ft tod ia 10 



in hhouid for inning their old practice 



. respondent for his evidence in 



manem uraaa, some with n rTj others with less under ~™«-j 



the t ugh or in tillage, on which they cultivate corn I uderyround Manuring. 



nmd mat ,m M • th* i*..t».» .— «**,. M ^iiiini.titnfiMflinif Jolin Tyrcll has protested against Mr. W llkins s plan 



obliged to tour ^ r 



behalf of the practical retulta of my system, by his say- 

 ing that " I have no doubt of the truth of all the circum- 

 stances stated by Mr. WUkins," and I beg to assure him 

 that if he will attend my next lecture on the evening of 

 the 1 6th inst. , at the City of London Tavern, I will under- 

 like to satisfy him or any of his friends that my plan 

 is not that of Mr. Wix's or any one else; that the 

 objections which he urges about the Mangold Wurzel 

 sending their roots far for food and choking up the 

 pipes are not applicable to my system, and therefore can 

 be no objection. Edward Wilkins, Walworth, London, 

 Ftb. 7. [We have received the following from Sir J. 

 Tyitll, since the publication of his former letter :— In 

 my letter of last week, written in haste, I omitted to say 

 that the patent plan of growing plants ai.d corn in a 

 pan appears to me liable to this objection : — that there 

 is no contrivance for the escape of over moisture by rain 

 in a wet season. All the money hitherto expended in 

 draining land would thus be thrown away. Boreham 



House. ] 



I am very glad to see Sir 



Bstag nif.rv 



being a new one. I beg to say so far back as 1840 Mr. 



King, the then landlord of the Plough, in Chelmsford, 



maintain hmre numbers, are chieflv emoloved in fatten, adopted the plan by putting two rows of tiles under 



tag. l am pvrtoBallj acquainted with a number el 



these tenant fanners ; I meet them at fairs and markets. 

 Th*y use great care in selecting, and bargain hard lor 

 their stock. Sometimes, alter hours of contention, they 

 will insist that the odd shilling to which the difference 

 between the ask and the hid is reduced, shall be r, 

 er otherwise relinquish their bar-sin. They have the 



ute of be in* well t- of discharging all their obli- 

 gations, including their rent, though I am >t so par- 

 ticularly informed as with respect to the small dairy 



fcrms. I am Stift i**ntly so to know that they could not 



do this without a handinme profit from fattening their 

 cattle. ) , January. K8&5. 



as att?*.-- At psgeM. column first the (bed supplied tomibh 

 w» timid hare been stated as consisting of— 



Rape-cake and 2 lbs. bran per 

 Itean-HMal. per day 





• • • 



• • • 





Per week. 

 2t. 7 id. 

 $ 



food 



• • . 



• • • 





2 11 



*2 lbs. meadow Imy, at 3$. 6tt per cwL ... 



10 lbs. Bean and Oat straw and shells of Oats 



48 lbs. green food, in*, per too ... 



• . . 



I'r week. 



2*. 7Jrf. 

 1 

 1 



■ 



indance, !#.; coals, l±d.; cooking, 



i . . 



4 



1 



3 



I 



8 



each row of Celery, aud conducting the liquid manure 

 from the yard into them, by which means, if I mistake 

 not, he took the first prize for Celery in 1841. There- 

 fore 1 trust Mr. Wilkins will not put a tax upon us for 

 following the plan which has been working well for 15 

 years. Thos. Cope f Llangedrum Hall, Feb. 7. 



Effects on the Turnip Crop of various kinds of Manure. 

 — In the extract from Mr. Hunt's paper on this subject, 

 (read to the Wakefield Farmers' Club), given in last 

 week's Agricultural Gazette, there is no mention of the 

 kind of the Tin nips grown— the kind of soil on which they 

 were grown — or the weight of the different crops per 

 acre. This, I think, is an omission to be regretted ; for 

 without such information, especially the weight of the Tur- 

 nips grown, the results of the experiments, though so far 

 useful and interesting, are but vague and indefinite. If 

 you think the subject worth further notice in the columns 

 of the Gazette, perhaps you will allow me to ask the 

 writer of the paper to give you, if he can, this desirable 

 (as I think) information. The price per ton paid for the 

 guano might be stated at the same time. T. B. i?., 

 Liver*po>>l> Feb. 7, 1855. [Perhaps Mr. Hunt will be 

 kind enough to supply the missing information.] 



Beans v. Hoots. — Will you or any of your correspond- 

 ents kindly enlighten us on the comparative value in 

 feeding of a crop of Beans, 40 bushels per acre, and a 

 crop of Swedes, 20 tons ditto. A tenant of mine tells 

 me that the Beans will produce the most beef and 

 mutton ; if this be so, we are wrong, on heavy lands, 

 in growing roots, as the Bean crop is considered much 

 «i per in cultivation. I have left off for some years 

 growing Beans, as I found them so often blighted, or 

 stunted, through drought. I always grew them on the 

 Scotch system, 27 inches apart, using the horse hoe 

 between. Anti Faba. [We believe that 20 tons of 

 Swedes will make more beef than 40 bushels of Beans ; 

 but it is easier to grow the latter than the former on an 

 acre of clay land. It is impossible to compare them 

 directly in their feeding powers, because each requires 

 other food to be given wiih it, and the supplementary 

 food in the two cases would be different.] 



Home Correspondence. 



Distribution of Harm Labour — Under this head a 



eommunication appeen in your last week's paper, which, 



in one or two paruVuIaris requires some qualification, if 

 not explanation. I refer to the amount o/ daily labour 

 •opposed be done by a pair of horses- 1st, in carting 

 manure, which is uniformly set down at 50 loads per 

 diem : we must hence infer that each field is at an equal 

 distance from the manure heap, and that a very short 

 One, for if the manure is at all heavy, 50 loads is a large 

 number to fill, to lead, and to empty in a day, far more 

 than I am inclined to think can he generally d< ne. [100 

 loads can easily he carried half a mile by 4 horses in as 

 many carts— filled by 3 men, led by 3 lads, and emptied 

 by one man. J 2dly, in ploughing: if the land be light, and 

 the depth not much, a man may go over i j acre in a day 

 with a large slice ; but if the soil is at all heavy, and a 

 depth of more than 4 inches wanted, both horses and man 

 must walk a good pace to get over the ground, supposing 

 the furrow slice to be laid evenly so as to {.resent every. 



hV? m W 8UrfaCe t0 the air > L e -> f&lr{ y stirrin g i«e 

 Whole field. My experience is somewhat limited, but it 



leads me to the conclusion that 1 acre a day well done 

 la as much as an ordinary pair of horses with average 

 weather soil, and state of health can reasonably be 



•Hotted per month.] 3dly, in harrowing: thisoperation AttESZZ^ fosses Have been f£^*$> 

 may be supposed to include raffling, for which the labour 



C^Ta^ notwi ' hs ^!tag this, there are many reaso, f 

 bel ifving that preventive means n»a 7 be had recourse in J I 

 deeded hen.fl, From investigates rnade by "heir ££ 



•i two torses is inadequate, wbereas on the other hand, 

 wun light harrows, a pair of horses may be expected to 

 go over more than II) acres a day, and I think the num. 



&otitt\t& 



ROYAL AGRICULTURAL OF ENGLAND. 



Weeklt Council, Feb. 15.-Mr. Fisher Hobbs in 



tlie Chair. 



Veterinary College.— The Annual Report made by 

 the Governors of the Royal Veterinary College to the 

 Council, was read. The following portions are selected 

 on account of their general interest :— 



l£^Zfi^^ k ™2&** «'«e throughout «>e 



great 



! 



year beiure, in a few isolated cases only, at d iVoaTP" 

 prevalence as well as malignancy in 1854, it is to hU* ** 

 that it may take on the character of an epizootic inA** 

 add another to the list of these diseases which h» ^ 



en. A^mtm.mmtl^S. «f loin */\ MM tattle o ., J _\_ _ H " 



so destructive of late to our cattle and sheep. ■ 

 letters have been received from the members of the n^T^ 

 detailing the progress of this disease, and the great losaeik 

 they had sustained thereby. Professor Simonds has al *^ 

 sonally investigated the causes which appear to favour thl** 



j malady; but much still remains to be don* **" 



ductionof the 



consequence of the disease having shown itself uiidertS*^ 

 opposite circumstances of breed, age, vicissitudes of wetS? 

 locality, plan of management, &c, the evidence obtained u^ 

 conflicting. The Governors, have, however, every re4fitt 

 believe that the mystery which envelopes the secondary*!!!^ 

 of this affection wid vanish befoie a rigid and scientific resta? 

 In the meantime they have much pleasure in stating thjJS: 

 recommendations of their Professor with regard to the tretiJ!! 

 of the animals, and which were necessarily varied in many^J! 

 from tlie differences in the predisposing causes, havew 

 attended with a satisfactory result. ^ 



3. Poisonous Oilcake. — Attention has recently been calkik 

 the injury done to the feeders of cattle by the manufactory of |! 

 impure oil-cake by which the lives of their cattle were oft* 

 placed in jeopardy. This important matter, it will be raS 

 bered, was brought before the Council in consequence of son 

 cows having been poisoned in the county of Yorkshire from W 

 fed with cake made from Mustard seed. and sold as acheapfeeS 

 material, as well as an energetic manure when applied to 12 

 land. The publicity given to the subject excited the mostlh* 

 interest, and there is every reason to helieve that the pernicij 

 practice has received a well-timed check. 



4. Dentition of Ox, Sheep, and Pigs.— The Govern 

 would next call attention to the labours of their Profesgot,* 

 Veterinary Inspector to the Society, in investigating the progn 

 of dentition of the ox, Bheep, and pig, with a view to a corn* 

 understanding of the ages of these animals as shown by tl^ 

 teeth. The facts arrived at from a careful examination of t* 

 animals exhibited at the Windsor, Lewes, and Glancester meeting 

 were brought before the Society in two lectures delivered by fa 

 Professor in May last. So highly were these lectures appreciity 

 that the Council at its first meeting in June unanimously * 

 solved, on the motion of Mr. Fisher Hobbs, "that on account* 

 the immediate practical importance of the two lectures recently 

 delivered before the Society by Professor Simonds on the tgetf 



animals as shown by their teeth, these lectures be at once pre- 

 pared for publication in the second part of the Journal for thi 

 year; but as that number will not be due till the 1st of dvim 

 next, that Professor Simonds be allowed to print off from t* 

 type and woodcuts as many copies as he may require for tat 

 purpose of publishing the lectures in the form of a pamphlet it 

 a cheap rate, in time for purchase by the public at the Linoak 

 meeting." In accordance with this resolution the matter is 

 prepared for the press, and was in the hands of the memlw 

 by the time appointed. The Governors have the pleam 

 of adding that, although the sale of the work has as j* 

 been limited, owing to the fact of the matter it contains beiog 

 about to appear in the forthcoming number of the journal, still it 

 has been spoken in of high terms of commendation by thoseila 

 have made themselves acquainted with its details. The&fti 

 arrived at with regard to the age of the pig, in particular, bin 

 already been of essential service, not only to the Boyil 

 Agricultural Society at its meeting at Lincoln, where mt 

 animals were detected as being much above the certified age,k 

 also at the recent shows of the Smithfield Cattle Club, and tk 

 Birmingham Cattle Society. The reprehensible practice i 

 sending animal3 of improper age, and which there areteonuw 

 reasons to believe has prevailed to a great extent, with a vieits 

 carry off the prizes, has thus received a salutary check. 



5. College Privileges and Promotion of Veterixak 

 Science.— The consultations by letter on the diseases of can* 

 and sheep have been fully as numerous as in former years, and:a 

 recommendations for the treatment of the several cases havebea 

 duly appreciated by the members seeking the advice. V 

 reference to the admission of cattle, sheep, and pigs into til 

 College Infirmary when the subjects of disease, the Govemfll 

 would be much gratified to find that the members of the See 

 availed themselves of their privileges to a far greater extflt 

 than at present. They cannot but think that the small numte 

 of animals sent from the country, arises from the suppositifli 

 that the charge for their treatment is more than the propriety 

 feels justified in incurring. This impression the Govern* 

 believe will be at once removed when they state that the sib 



X?J;Tjr:Lr,l!r, .-: » i-i ^ « S-a^^^wa^A rjs 



*boot it, or is not wonderfully clean. [Harrowing £ 



^J! U J >P T. d t0 incIude scuffling-that '8 included in the 

 term - cnI( .«^„ »-, /m w> ?, tterbonvgK 



re to the 



£ 7Z1 % £ a H" ° N ™*ly '- 1 ^viDg observed 





fixed upon for the keep, medical treatment, operations of e* 

 kind, and all other necessary things, is but ls.Gd. adayf 

 bullock, and that sheep and pigs are charged for at a prop* 

 tionate sum, which is fixed by the principal according to circa* 

 stances." The average number, however, of diseased cattle In* 

 been admitted into the infirmary during the year, hut ta 

 Governors not finding among them any remarkable cases callitf 

 for especial description, have thought it unnecessary to add » 

 the length of this report by a detail of particulars. They woaj 

 however, remark that these cases have afforded their Professor* 

 opportunity of giving clinical instructions to the Class and« 

 demonstrating several of the operations necessary to the sump 

 of the practice of Cattle Medicine. During the session the Lec- 

 tures have been regularly delivered as heretofore, and the attej 

 ance of the pupils has been most satisfactory. The class has t» 

 been more numerous than in former years, and the prog* 

 the pupils in their studies, as shown by the examination** 

 which they have been subjected from time to time, has been*** 

 as to merit the approbation of the Professors in general. 



The Council having received at their last Decern!* 

 meeting a communication from the French Go*** 

 ment, requesting the aid of the Society in investigate 

 the nature of a disease which had made its «PP^ 

 ance iu Turkey among the cattle intended for J 

 Crimea—the Council at once instructed Prof. SrniojJ 



as the Veterinary. Inspector of the Society, to p«^ 

 u: tr •_ . r. x . ... »/t i{ e rben, 



furnisk 



plan btrltdKe L P, r S \v and T^^" 1 



Wi of chei rarf0 Vfc r la L M j; 1?* ;" tl ! e ne ghbour 



- ■ • t .. . * u » ,or l «e erowth nf fWi»v in „««- 



n 8 



, * ...v4vavA&) %jh OUCH 



«*» my pi an j s not nove , . 



■is 



ago 



there P „ no ]*<£„ IVjZ ^ h5a own F»«*». 

 ot applying liquid manure »„r*ip tn Tr " my **"«* 

 Ac and the n.ode which J 7JtoJZ£r™*« > bn ! 8 > 

 «uite apparent to erery one who h» ^ i' ,ch n,U8t be 

 mental garden at Re.dbft or \"ra 1 ?> ^P eri - 



& that Sir j. T>rell nUd 5 r i, , U^^ 





appear, and in ^^^^eV^^^fi 



and diaphoretic 

 _. .--j"— «ww«w of tlie body, and 



2. Disease in- Lambs. — On the KnfcWt „«■->• « 

 Governors hare to remark that n Z R ni e P* oM « the 

 malignant form of aptha ,ppe are a n several dlUl ' Mt JMr a 

 lambs .nd deatroyed very^marfy if "S, iiE*' T™* l he 

 affecuon having been observed in a «RS5J 'miid^lS 



the CouBul-General of France in London, and to j 

 him with every information he possessed that m#^ 

 the French Government in their inquiry. The &¥> 

 of the Governors of the Veterinary College con*» lDSlw 

 following reference to that circumstance:— ^ 



6. Contagious Typhus.— As a preliminary step, and ^i 

 sanction of tlie Consul-General, Prof. Simonds has V Te J^ 0t 

 list of questions to be forwarded to the several vetenna 

 geons now with their regiments in the Crimea. T fl ese q wjr5 

 are annexed to this report, and the Governors trust I" 

 Society will agree with them in the opinion that on w^r^tf 



serrijj 



iu enecnr.g the desired object. It is likewise to De ^^^ 

 that the history of these epizootic affections shows to» ^ 

 once they have taken root in any of the countries of El ^f<; C 8fr 

 have spread with greater or lesser rapidity over the wDo ^ 



disc**. 



►senti 



circumstance, added to the fact of the existence of the ctt f {SI 



created so much solicitude on the V ^^^ 



Turkey, which has created 



anxious in the matter, seeing that if the cattle in 

 Germany should become affected, our own would * r % aD iiBil» 

 victims to the direful pest, from the free importations <a 

 which now exists. 



The renort in fnnAlnrlod miUh ihf», followinj 





