THE AG HI CULT! RAJ. GAZETTE. 



[.Feb. 24 



Sfc 111 



we turn to an exami- I illustra: 



HUM of 



fern* *«* .halt Ttrifti^ 



OOOCi 



How • • n 



the Cot 

 himaeif that he 1 



ptt> f 



braik (alao a generic term 



be led to the 



i 



h the 



same 



II 



uu b*a» our lot, along the line of 

 ila>to bear a farmer c ngrat ng 

 I . n eo many haaketa o: Wh 



• princip ?. right understanding of 

 as true- knowledge always dees 



which would, 



lead lis to think move mod«t!y of ourselves ; for 



if we are fortunate enough to live in a district 



where everything looks prosperous, the crops good, 



ad farmers rich and, consequently, as the term 



oes, n actable, we are not always to conclude 



**t 



I> : 



\j ban eaabled to accomplish perhaps half this, 

 is tasttwl to the belief hat hia successful friend 



only IwAy wl st he, on the other hand, 

 h od fort une as the result of better manaij 



herefore, [ilia as the concluai a 

 of not very in practical men, while we in- 



terrogate ici< »n the matter. 1 * gfc 



tells us that utonebraahea are of several kinds, 

 belonging to ii liferent format! is, have been di 



i of the wi e very H *rae in 



media ca a i include some fe*- and 



t fossil remains, and 



mai aanemot >vnea* goes, re«peciaui*, wc a.<= «««, „^ v ~ ■- 



h bo* who has tha> i has arisen altogether from our superior 



knowledge and intelligence ; it may be only, after 

 all, that re are more bones in the soil. 



Wn direct attention to the remarks of the Hon. 

 \V Napisr upon those powers possessed by the 

 Land Improvement Company, to which we referred 

 last week. It appea that Mr. Bailey Denton's 

 table, which we quoted, is wrong in one point and 

 leficient in another; and in both particulars the 

 (requisite c rections will be found given in Mr. 

 Napier's letter. Our own 'account of the mode in 



■hence the less exercise the animal hasJUieTeas 

 takes place. 



Jn the box system of feeding, the animal rises tn v 

 food three or four times a day, then lies down to *u!! 

 the rest of his time, and being kept warm in the bo a! 

 quantity of food to supply the waste is greatly dirnimdjj 

 and a large portion of it is left for the production af!£? 



If an ox be fed on green Clover it is said that he *a 

 consume 150 lbs. daily and increase 14 lbs. week? 

 The substances which produce this result, containa^' 

 the 150 lbs. of Clover, are as follows : — ** 







> 



Ashes. 



Fibre. 





Cas< n, 



Gluten. 







lbs. 







_— 







1 





..,150 



112.0 



1.35 19.0 



9.6 



2.7 



' .22 









1 1 







- 1 Q 



28.6 34) 



i ma I ven 



bo can at a glance ogu h ti u wherever he 



may meet wi them; there* o, surprising 



hat, v i ths diflonsocto enumerated, the chemi 



should find brashosfromdirrVringfSolopical 



m I const »ien f Now, to 



put ti t of our argument in the clearest light 



The following is the composition of a winter food fori 

 fatting ox upon another system : — 



sitions 



to 



in t 



h, 



analy 



*• 





re in quoting the following 



y our friend n essor of -f 



the 1 Agricultural < liege, of brashes I <m 



' net rocks, to be presently more fully 



three d 





.! 







jJWrtilHit of 



'ABM. t. 



»( I fclfKil 



nIMs. ai»ftt<*tlt» 





3. < ombraah. 



h«c»«ru 



Otto* &f 



fx.* 



ir 



MXkMttmm 



m . - 



-mined 



1.42-2 



i.ote 



•MS 



,T3 

 Jit 





177 



t 



4887 





term.ned. undetermined. 







ISO 



Th 





ie onebrashot r*pre<©!it as nea; ai 

 Say bo a largo tract of c ntry which, occupying the 



r f Kn«l I, and r rif more or less abr y 



flrom the valea ^rkete -^ter,and Kvesham, 



forms 1 1 Cotteswoid range of hills. 



Of this about o half is composed of the 



inferior oolite, with the most part, but a poor 



aboopfar ing district Towards i concert* or the 

 more sou^ 



which this company acts is, it seems, liable to mis- 

 construction ; and therefore we repeat here, what will 

 found elsewhere, that the st f of superintending 

 officei which the company employs in order to see 

 that the money spen', which they repay, has been 

 properly and efficiently invested, are not, except in 

 fl i way, conn I with the company. They are 

 Government Inspectors appointed by the Inclosure 

 Commissioners ; and their official sanction is the 

 seci v on which alone the company relies. This 

 company acts simply as a bridge over which the 

 floating capital in the money market may find its 

 way to the land; and it has no permanent paid 

 officer whose salary would merely incre e the cost 

 of the service which v renders, because without 

 him the security of the company is perfectly 



ens ed« 



We have also to add in reference to the General 

 Land 1) mage Company, that it is a mistake to 

 suppose that it only undertakes works superintended 

 and u: taken by its own officers. It is willing to 



tike all the responsibility of works executed by the 

 tenant himself, or under his direction, when satisfied 

 of the competency of the men employed. 







U 



MM 



• 



• 



^ u 



•V * 



a a 









0> 



oS 





"•^ 



t* 



5 



53 -!■ 



BO — 









► 



to 



< 



"-, 











lh 

















lJJr>. j 



1.0 



1.5 



6.3 



1.5 



0.37 





, 10 



i. 



0.72 



1.0 



4.0 



2.0 



0.1 



Wheat straw 10 



1.2 



0.5 



5.0 



3.0 



0.15 0.05 



1 1 at straw 



... 10 



1.2 



0.5 

 2.72 



4.5 



3.5 



0.13 



0. 7 





105 



65.4 



L2.0 



16.8 



3.78 



0.59 



9 



E 



— o 



»'ftl 



• .. 



• I • 



• I • 



• •• 







• •• 



The following is an experiment by Mr. Hope, of 

 FYnton Barns, on 18 oxen, and on this compound titer 

 increased 14 lb3 weekly in weight : — 



lbs. 



Turnips ...150 

 Potatoes ... 10 

 Hay 5 



165 





00 



ca 



127.5 

 7.4 



0.7 



1.5 

 0.1 

 0.4 





135.6 I 2.0 



.. 



3.0 

 0.4 

 1.5 



5.0 



§| 



XII r Jl 





14.25 



1.8 



2.0 



18.0 



C IB 

 .- a^ 



3.0 

 0.2 

 0.3 



3.5 



The whole country has now for several weeks been 

 locked up in frost; where fully exposed, the soil 

 has been froa 



ooiih 



ptrt of" the Cotton the gre.it 



in, and there is at once a visible improi 

 ment nd and an increase of produce ; but 



even this >ved state f things meets with still 



greater imp vemtnt sou* f Cirencester, whnre 

 will be found hero and there districts of limited 

 txtent, covorodwitbcorakftsl 



with 



. t t . the corn brash of all 



the brashes h<>tng good natural corn lands, an 

 hence the name— whilst the other brashes only vield 

 com that i as it were, wrung from them with great 

 labour and expense* 



The j cause of expense is the obtainin 



manure, and much of the recent improvement which 

 may every be noticed mav be traced to the 



exte I use of bones, which have enabled the 

 l/Otteswold farmer to increase his Tumi 



Now b iC h as I nes consist of phoi^horic I ^A^tSZTl t W "? 

 acid and hme. a glance at the three analvses \Z ^ ? nf w^ately it 



to the full depth of its staple. 

 There is every reason in this for congratulation. 

 There is no implement of tillage like a good winter's 

 fro and all our fallow crops on which fertility for 

 a course of years so much depends, will this year be 

 easily and effect illy cultivated. The land, too, has 

 been pretty generally covered with snow, so that 

 little injury of the young Wheat is to be anticipated. 

 The dry autumn is a preservative against injury by 

 fj t rather in the case of perennials than in that of 

 the plants which the farmer cultivates, but in the case 

 of these, too, icculence of foliage renders frost more 

 easily mischievous. We saw this 



The following is the composition of food for fattenug 

 cattle which I have used for years : — 



lbs. 



Swedish Tur- 

 nips 100 



Beau-meal... 5 

 Linseed-meal 3 



Straw 12 



Water 10 



130 





c5 



S 



< 



85.0 

 0.7 

 0.0 

 1.5 



10. 



97.2 



1.0 



0.01 

 0.01 

 0.7 



• • • 



1.72 



- 



fe 



2.0 

 0.5 

 1.5 

 5.5 



• • • 



9.5 



J3 J- 

 © eS 



9.0 

 2.2 

 0.6 

 4.5 



• • * 



16.3 



©S 



2.0 

 1.3 

 0.6 

 0.1 



• • t 



4.0 



. ^t DO 



I 



III 



-4 o 



0.5 

 0.1 

 0.5 

 0.1 



• ■ t 



1.2 





11.0 

 2.7 

 2.1 



10.0 



5 



- 



* ■ * 



23 



1.4 

 1.1 



25.8 5.2 



I 



p rrop 



.j ... , - lyses just 



qn 1 will show how one rock mal i a soil naturally 

 better than another, for No. 1 yields S " No. 2 V 



T N< ! l'l 77 of Phosphoric acid, the important 

 element of bones. The plain conclusion, therefore, 

 is that cornbr h affords th best com-growing land 

 because 1ms the mo »nes in it 



♦k" T e \ 1° thf 1Vfvm 8 e >' ie!d of 8»in for the 

 three brashes her mm shalI 



the same facts illustrated i n what mav be termed 

 tte practical way. The following table" repre^n 

 the average of grain m bushel per acre : 



saw this week at Mr. 

 Telfkr's farm, near Ayr. the bulky succulent growth 

 t Italian Rye-gra.^ -the last effort of the plant 

 before the winter of the past few weeks— lying dead 

 almost as white as bleached Flax. The leaf gorged 

 juice, as under his system of management it is, 

 was killed at once. And this liability to injury 



no doubt, throughout, more generally on 

 the western side of the island than upon its eastern 

 shore. The moister climate has induced a more 

 forward growth, which is more likely to be hurt— 



is the eastern side of 



prevail 



th 



e 

 snow. 



e 



land which is best covered in with the wvv , 



Ayrshire and Lancashire are hardly white, while 



Berwickshire and counties south of it are deen in 

 snow. ^ 



It is on our eastern side, however, that the prin- 

 cipal Wheat-growing districts lie, and on the whole 



SLTJ h F e # w V h . e P~ wn ' condition of the land 

 and its history during the past few weeks are reasons 

 for congratulation rather than alarm. 



The following is the account of an experiment made 

 by me on the feeding of sheep, which shows the effectof 

 shelter, of quiet, and the absence of light upon the 

 quantity of food eaten, and of the mutton produced from 

 it. Five lots of five sheep, each lot of nearly the same 

 weights, were fed each with & pound of Oats a-day, wd 

 as much Swedes as each lot choose to eat. Lot 1 of 

 5 sheep was folded in a pen made with hurdles in theopea 

 air, close by the yards, and littered with straw. Lot 

 of 5 sheep were in one pen under a shed, so that they 

 had light but no rain came to them. Lot 3 of 5 sheep 

 were under the same shed, but each of themwH 

 confined in a space so narrow that they could not turn 

 round in. Lot 4 of 5 sheep were confined in a do* 

 house, in one pen, but all was dark and warm ; they 

 had the same size of a pen as lot 1 and lot 2. Lot 5 « 

 5 sheep was confined in the same house as lot 4, W 

 each of them was confined in a crib, the same as lot & 

 The increase of live weight in each of the individuals of 

 the five lots, and the average quantity of food which eacft 

 respectively consumed appear in the following table •— 



Average live 

 weight of each 



individual. 



ta»l* n. 



Csop, 



l. Stonebrash 1 2. Sfoiwbrmsh 

 Inferior oolite.! Great oolite 



: "»- Own 





Wl*** 



Oats 



• 



■ 





■»** 





15 to 20 



* \> 



25 to 30 



ECONOMY OF FOOD. 



a proper 



age of the 



SO to SO 



30 to a 



85 to 40 



Lot 1, unsheltered 

 Lot 2, in open sheds 

 Lot 3, ditto in cribs 

 Lot 4, in a close 

 dark shed 



Lot5, ditto, each in 

 a crib 



25 JO 

 40 to 4 

 45 to 60 



w\]\t SH\ ^f 1 ** 8 facts Md Principles which 

 S? tTi!l y .I *?™ ^ the cultivator of the 



■oil. and 

 toadHtone 



w oi itn: c w offer the iand,ord ' 8 



wnting the average rent 



fallowing table, repre- 





in. Formatter 





4 t« 





■ 





■ 







• •* 



• »r 











Uent the acre, 



It is of the utmost importance to make 

 ■election of such food as is best fitted to the _ .„ „„ 

 animal, remembering that the true principle of rear hp 



s g afi, °v h > e butcher ia to ^ e th'eiirsa 



Si -n dttlly 1,,CTC *» their weight. The food 

 wh,ch w,»l promote the formation and growth of hone 

 ami muscles, should contain a large gnpplv of the phos! 



Dy »mch muscles grow, such as Red Clover Vetch P « 

 and other leguminous plants among ou? Sen ^S 

 and Beans, Peas, oilcake, and Popp/X P ' 



Linseed-cake contains of earthy phosphates 

 Poppy-cake con lains of ph uhktes 





These 



■ ♦. to 20». 



1*#. to 25#. 

 »».to40#. 





Thus Poppy-cake is of more valu 



e 



E C „'.'S f™!* .-w . >>! cww ^ 



2.86 per cent. 



food to younn- 



From this table we find that one-third less S*e** 

 were eaten by the animals which were in the pen ufl<» 

 the shed than by the lot which was in the open m 

 while in live weight they gained 4 lbs. more each. 



That those in the dark, however, did not conftfw 

 half the quantity of Turnips, while they increased o u» 

 ore each. 



The animals which were confined solitary in the hofl* 

 cribs were fretful and restless in this confinement, w^ 



ft 



in this conhnemeui, -- 

 retarded the fattening process; therefore the most pro^ 



growmg animals an it produces bone, as oilcake i>m 

 duces fat When an animal haa to take much P 

 in gathering ite food it consumes 

 the waste of 



exercise 



facta tend to show iha* ik A " 



^ uw l P at th « reasons for 



more carbon 



.= .».,« ..consumes more of it to sunnlv 

 carbon ; it breathes more frequentlyS 



e mZ W s n tareh r0,a '«* ^ > J " 8 «« 



able way of feeding animals is to keep them ma 

 warm place, and in as dark a place as 

 command. /. M* 



fr: 



With 



Tlrt: DRAINAGE COMPANIES. 



reference to the able and impartial » JJJ 

 article in the Gardeners 9 Chronicle of Saturday J**^ 

 viewing the parliamentary powers and the 

 operandi of each of the companies incorporated ^ 

 purposes of lands improvement, will you permit 







n\i. 







