THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



125 



nd facility i» afforded for raising two 



** g, °f distinct varieties in the succeeding year, 



«*• **"X- means could such an advantage be so 



cure d. Here, then, is a great benefit 



Suiting from Flax culture 



tff 1 



fT ntion*of the small farm, consisting of 10 

 .J"L ^reg, of which I have been speaking, is so 

 C**^*w exactly one-half is devoted to the raising 

 . f JS and one-half to cereal crops, Flax, and 

 * *"* lh J i a tter, since that crop became so pre- 

 occupying ouly a twenty-second part of the 

 The iarm is dispersed in 1 1 divisions, one of 

 in permanent pasture, being enclosed sepa- 

 * fence, all internal fences having u 



of the farm. 



following 

 shall not 



ment in the water and on the Grass are thus transferred 



from the hurried season of harvest to the 



summer, when a time can be chosen which 



interfere with the other business of the farm. 



Ten Acke Farm— Season 1851-52. 

 Dr. 



1851. 



To Stock, valued at 



Stock bought from 30th Sept., 1851, to 



30th Sept., 1852 



ENDLE'S 



CURRENT 



Sep. 30. 



■ a ■ 



• •• 



• •• 



£ 

 52 



a. d. 

 2 6 



• ♦• 



• • • 



•bole. 

 »»'/ b - v 



been 

 The 



J from the remainder 



cattle food include Clover and Italian 



Beans, Turnips, Mangolds, and 



The succession of feeding, of which a fresh 



men crops for 



g^grt*. ^ etches, 



C *Sr?provided for every month of the year, com- 

 "2L in spring, soon after the middle of April, with 

 TZT. from about the 20th May, till the 20th June, 

 Str and Italian Rye-grass ; thence till about the 

 lilAnpwt, winter Vetches ; from the 1st August till 

 Ufe ^September, second growth of Clover ; in October 

 *2 beginning of November, some Cabbages, Mangold 

 Wnnel leaves, mixed with dry old straw, to correct 

 fcjr wcculence, aud a portion of Clover and Rye-grass 

 if third growth. During the summer each cow is also 



•J lbs. of Bean-meal daily on her drink. I have 



■ ■ • 



m - • 



■ It 



• •* 



• * • 



• • • 



• ■ • 



• • • 



• • • 



• • » 



• • • 



• •• 



Wages paid 



County cess 



Manure and seeds 



Cattle food bought 



Rent, 21. per acre 



Sundry small expenses and horse work... 



Repairs of tools ... 



Scutching Flax 



Buttermilk and scraps 



Profit and loss for gain 



• • t 



* t • 



* t • 



• ■ t 



. - • 



* • • 



• • • 



24 

 33 



1 

 7 

 9 



20 

 5 

 2 

 2 

 3 



43 



2 6 

 11 6 

 9 10 

 10 

 9 5 





 

 

 4 

 

 5 





 

 

 2 

 

 6 



£203 6 3 



Dec. 26. 

 1852. 



Jan. 14. 

 April 2. 



Or. 



-By 1 cow, fat, sold 

 Proceeds, 2 pigs 



• «• 



• • ■ 



• • • 



• • i 



• • • 



* ■ t 



• • ■ 



• . - 



£13 12 10 

 8 2 1 



ttverbeeii obliged to resort to my root crops till about 

 the 2th November, from which date tiil the return of 

 tosciaonfor Rape in Spring, Turnips with chaff and 

 eat itraw, and such portions of hay from the first growth 

 of Cloter and Italian Rye- grass as could be spared, 

 priched with Bean-meal, boiled into gruel with dis- 

 flkr'iwash, form the winter food. The greater part 

 of the Mangold Wurzel is reserved for pigs, which are 

 food to thrive much better on it than on Turnips. 

 The pigs receive besides a little buttermilk and the 

 refuse of the house, and some Bean-meal ; and the 

 MiDgold Wurzel is available for them till August in the 

 fKeeeding year, when early Cabbages come into use, 

 tad after them a succession of Drumhead Cabbages 

 irorides for the pigs till the middle of November, when 

 Ike Mangolds are again ready. 



* In the rotation, the white and green crops alternate, 

 and the large number of cattle fed constantly in the 

 bora, except during two or three hours daily in summer, 

 when they are admitted to the small pasture field, afford 

 manure sufficient to give light dressings to the green 

 crops in each alternate year. The stock of cattle, in- 

 ttoding an ox for draught, is never less, and is some- 



icsmore than four in summer and six in winter, and 

 the number of pigs is three on the average. The milch 

 lows, highly fed as described, being kept for the supply 

 d the family, are credited to the farm at 107. each per 

 annum, being certainly less than they would yield if 

 thtir produce were sold,~ and the result of accounts of 

 4s farm, of 10 Cunningham acres, which are accurately 

 kept, exhibited in the year ending 30th September, 

 1852, a gross product of 114?. lis. I0d. 9 and a net profit 

 jf 4&. 5s. Gd., the rent charges being at 21. per Cunniug- 

 »m acre, and the sum paid for wages 33?. 1 Is. 6d., and 

 ■ the year ending 30th September, 1853, a gross pro- 

 duce of 128?. 6s. id., and a net profit of 561. 2s. hd. 9 the 

 ftntat2J. per acre, and the amount of wages, 34?. 6s. 3d." 



The balance-sheet of each year is appended to this 



fctement :— 



Tothis very satisfactory result Flax culture has directly, 

 M well as indirectly contributed. The sum received 

 Wthe produce of 3a. 23p. Cunningham measure of 

 J«jx, in the first year was for Flax, 5 cwt 3 qrs. 



^ seed 10 1-16 bushels 5 



May 5. 



12. 

 June 17. 



28 

 July 24.' 

 Aug. 25. 

 Sept. 30. 



Oats, 18 cwt 



£6 



6 



8 



Oatmeal 



2 



6 



8 



Wheat 45 cwt. qrs. 23 lbs. 



9 • • 





• • • 



Proceed 8 pigs 



• •I 





■ • • 



1 cow, fat 



• M 





• •• 



1 cow, do 



• ■■ 





• at 



a can ... ... .,, ... 



■ • • 





■ • • 



1 pig ••• ... «•• ••• 



• •• 





• * • 



Flax, 5 cwt. 3 qrs. 2 lbs., at 









525 6d 



£15 



2 



8 



Flaxseed, 10 1-14 bush., at 10s. 



5 



1 



6 



8 

 19 



9 

 11 

 15 







1 



13 



14 



19 



18 



4 



10 



4 

 5 



5 





 

 

 



• • • 



• •• 



Potatoes for house 



Keep of 2 milcfc cows for a year, and 



1 cow for a half-year 

 Feeding for fowl, and fowl reared 

 Stock valued at 



• • • 



• • • 



• •• 



• • • 



• • • 



20 



7 



2 



5 

 56 



4 

 





 



15 



2 

 















Gross produce, deducting food purchased 



• • • 



£203 6 3 

 £114 11 10 





Miscellaneous. 



Row Prize Cattle are Fed.— Mr. J. P. Phillips, of 

 Broomborough, near Totness, in Devonshire, had a fine 

 animal which was much admired for its size and symme- 

 try. On the 19th of June last it weighed 13cwt. Iqr.l41bs., 

 and was fed on Grass till the 18th of September, when 

 it weighed 15 cwt. 1 qr. 18 lbs. ; it was then put on 

 common Turnips till the 30th of October, when it 

 weighed 1 6 cwt. 1 qr. 8 lbs. ; from that time it was fed 

 with Mangold, meal, and hay till December 18, when it 

 weighed 17 cwt. 3 qrs. 18 lbs. The general results 

 were these : — When on Grass, it gained in 13 weeks 

 228 lbs., being rather more than 17 lbs. per week ; on 

 Turnips and meal, in six weeks it gained 102 lbs., being 

 about 17 lbs. per week; and on Mangold and meal, in 

 seven weeks 178 lbs., being about 25 lbs. per week. 



2 



1 



8 

 



From which, deducting 11., the estimated cost of an 

 !«re, including rent, taxes, seed, manure, and labour 

 ■w stages, the balance, 13?. 4s. 2d., forms a hand- 

 *JW item in the profit account. 



jw j"»md year the produce was :— 



fed liSV*- \ qi , 8 ' 12 lbs " at 65s - **• P er cw *' 

 g,w f 10i bushels, at 12*. 



£20 4 2 



per bushel 



Deducting 

 Nett profit 



• •♦ 



»•• 



• •• 



«•• 



£19 2 

 6 9 



8 

 



£25 11 

 7 



8 

 



18 11 8 



The crop m both years wag treate( j on the Courtrai 

 ^.winning and stacking it till the following spring, 

 (J™ seed was taken off and sold for sowings and 



*r*w watered during the summer. I am not pre- 

 5Sn ? . a de ci<*ed opinion whether that mode of 



If Ttom Wl11 ' ° n the who,e f be found raost Profitable. 

 ««e-saved seed should continue in demand for 



tfeJL. m 8atisfi ed it would be so, as the gain by 

 W** * f important an item. If a prejudice against 

 Utteirt . Beed wnich h ^ been encouraged in the 

 **H u/ ear i c . ontrar y to tne experience of the writer, 

 fcfcltfr '• lt is P robable that more profit would 

 **edUn npplin S of the seed > and watering the straw 



* **eb aS there ean he no doubt that a finer fibre 

 ^ kno\/ ^ cur ^ d tban ean be obtained by any process 



B T one r> n . in connex5 <>n with winning and stacking, 

 ti^bj \ roces8 °r the other the seed should unques- 

 ftalisejj b e P re »erved. A much less sum than has been 

 ^tfromV Writer WOuld materially increase the 



Calendar of Operations. 



FEBRUARY. 



West Sussex, Feb. 20.— Since our last we have but little to 

 report, except what every one reports, that the weather has been 

 very severe, not so much snow, but a piercing wind and the dust 

 flying on the roads they are so dry. It has not suited us so well 

 for our Sheep, for the Turnips are hard to get up and then do 

 them but little good, although they disappear very fast, and 

 make us fear that we shall be hard up before the Grass comes. 

 We have not at present any prospect of an early spring; every- 

 thing has been put back with a vengeance, and now we must 

 trust to hay and cake to eke out our other food. But though it 

 has been so cold the ewes and lambs have not done so badly ; we 

 could hardly have expected them to do so well. The Wheat now 

 looks very much cut down, but there has yet no harm happened 

 to it. But how it may be with the young Clover we can hardly 

 say ; it was so wet before, that 1 fear it will be almost cut up ; 

 the Tri folium appears lifted out of the ground. Fat cattle must now 

 turn out though they are not in first-rate order ; the supply of 

 food will not admit of any extra fatting, so that we are likely to 

 see markets rather declining, but more from under-fat ones 

 coming out than from any real fall in their value. Sheep have 

 lately sold heavy, and pork has fallen from the high figure it was 

 at in December — that is, from 4a. 8d. to 45. 4Ld. per stone. The 

 rick-yards are getting very much reduced, but the corn is not by 

 any means all consumed, but stored up in various ways, as few 

 think that under present circumstances we can have prices low, 

 so they are not disposed to give way to any little depression very 

 readily, and it is seldom that there is so little left in hand at 

 this time of the year. Of course we are shut out of the ground 

 at present, but must at the first opportunity turn the ploughs in 

 where the sheep have finished eating off so as to get in Oats. At 

 present carrying chalk and dung is all that we can do, but enough 

 of this would be a great acquisition to hungry heavy land. G. S. 



AGRICULTURAL PRICE 

 and FARM DIRECTORY for 



1855, with Newspaper Stamp to go free by post, is now 

 published, and can be had im exchangt for six penny 



The proprietors of this well-known and widely circulated pub- 

 lication have much plea.sure in announcing another edition for 

 the present year. They have spared no expense nor trouble in 

 making it a most useful and serviceable guide to all who take 

 an interest in the cultivation of the soil. If contains a valuable 

 Descriptive List of all the best AGRICULTURAL SEEDS, 

 with prices affixed to every article, with cultural remarks and 

 general information as to the best varieties for various crops. 



The List of TURNIP SEEDS is very comprehensive, and is 

 embellished with an ENGRAVING of REN DLL'S IMPROVED 

 SWEDE TURNIP— a variety in great favour in the West of 

 England. 



The descriptive Lists and Tables. of the best selected 

 GRASSES are very complete, and will be found eminently 

 useful to all who intend laying down land for Permanent Pasture, 

 Ornamental Parks, Pleasure Grounds, &c. 



There is a very useful ALMANACK, which has been compiled 

 with much care. 



In tie MANURE DEPARTMENT there is a general Price 

 Current of all the leading Manures, including Peruvian Guano, 

 Lawes' Patent Superphosphate, Nitrate of Soda, &c. 



The ORIGIN and HISTORY of PERUVIAN GUANO will 

 be found amongst its contents, as well as some excellent advice for 

 detecting the spurious from the genuine article. The proprietors 

 have been favoured with some good sound advice to Fanners on 

 this point by J. C. Nksdit, Esq., the celebrated Agricultural 

 Chemist. They have also reprinted P feswb Way's Ukcture 

 on the same subject, from the Gardener** Chronicle, read to the 

 Members of the Royal Agricultural Society. 



Descriptive articles relating to Law* Patent Superphosphate, 

 Nitrate of Soda, the new 31 « xican Guano, and other manures 

 will also he found very useful and interesting. 



The'' SUPERPHOSPHATE CONTRoVI'RSY" in the Ply- 

 mouth Papers is also given at length. The whole of the Letter! 

 are reprinted from the Plymouth Herald. In this Controversy 

 the " Gypsum mixers" are fully exposed by Mr. J. Pridkaux, the 

 eminent Agricultural Chemist. 

 i A valuable Paper has also been written expressly for this 

 Edition by Mr. R. Errington on the " Cultivation of the Potato" 

 as well as an article on " Liquid Manure n by the same gentleman. 



The Proprietors have also much pleasure in stating that they 

 have been favoured with two Original Articles, by J. 1! Lawes, 

 Esq., Rothamsted, the celebrated Agricultural Chemist, on 

 " The Artij al Manures most suitable for the Growth of Barley" 

 and " The Cultivation of one Grain Crop after another on he< d. n 



There will be a good Engraving of the CEDRUS DEODAR A, 

 one of the hardiest and best varieties of Cedars ever introduced, 

 and prices of various Forest Trees, Shrubs, and Fruit Trees. 



Engravings and descriptions of a great many Agricultural 



Implements are also added in the present Edition, and amongst 



them will be found MCCORMICK'S AMERICAN REAPER, 



GARDNERS TURNIP CUTTER, SAMUELSON'S REGIS- 

 TERED LAWN MOWER, PATENT LIQUID MANURE 



DISTRIBUTOR, WARNER'S GARDEN HNU1NE3, PI MPS, 

 SY 



MACHINE AND UJNU KUW lUKJNir LHtlLil.*, AttTHUWXS 



PATENT AMERICAN CHURN, and PARKES' STEEL 



DIGGING FORKS. 

 Descriptions are also given of the New CHINESE POTATO 



(Dioscorea Batatas) and the FLUKE KIDU V POTATO, a 



sort highly recommended in the Midland Counties. 



At the request of several correspondents the Publishers 



have printed the present Edition the size of the " Gardeners" 



Chronicle" so that those who trish it oan bind it with tl\A 



present volume of that valuable Paper. It contains 28' 



folio pages, K Chronicle " size. 



Copies can be procured, price 6d. each, or free to purchasers of 

 seeds ; and can be obtained through the medium of any book- 

 seller in*he United Kingdom, from the 



LONDON PUBLISHING OFFICE, 294, STRAND; 



Or from the Proprietors, William E. Rendlb & Co., Seed 

 Merchants, Plymouth. 



FRINGES, &c; FOWLER and FRY'S CHAFF CUTTING 

 ACIIINE and ONE ROW TURNIP DRILL. ANTHONYS 



MAW'S ENCAUSTIC TILE PAVEMENTS form 

 an indestructible and highly decorative substitute for 

 ordinary flooring, and their imperishable Oil Cloth Coverings' for 

 Entrance Halls, Passages, Verandahs, Conservatories, Ac- 

 Maw & Co. send free of expense their Book of Designs, suitable 

 in price and style for every description of Building.— BenthalP 

 Works, Broseley, Salop. 



"new AND IMPORTANT LEVELLING INSTRUMENT. 



*r*i 



crop. 



^jj lft , -i- Ten bushels of seed per statute 

 *hich it i dera . te Produce, and at 5s. or 6s. per bushel, 



^of it woHll y WOrt * 1 as CattIe foo(3 > the P reserva " 



***rw!ili be 8uffici *nt1y remunerative. It may 



e atteatio ^ and" labour required* by ~ the treat 



'^ slln Rof tl ' ** ^ ar 8 e grower the winnowing aud 

 ^Mthnllf Cl ? pis b y much the roore convenient 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Gillett's Subsoil Companion : Peter asks for information about 

 this, lt was spoken of favourably at a meeting of the Stow 

 Agricultural Society. Can any one give information of its 

 further use, successful or otherwise? 



Oxalis tubekosa \ IT IT. At page 423 of the Gardeners 1 

 Chronicle for 1854, it is said that some small tubers of this plant 

 were raised in the spring in a Melon pit, and transferred to a 

 glass-wall, where they continued growing till killed by frost in 

 November, when their stems were five feet high, and numerous 

 tubers had been found fully an inch in diameter. You will find 

 further particulars on referring to the page named. 



Poultry : A B. The head of a full-grown turkey is at all times 

 the " tender point;" but as we have never known or even heard 

 of such a disease as our correspondent complains of, we can 

 only attribute it to the " frost." To all young poultry keepers 

 we would say a "word in season;" do not attempt to obtain 

 any chickens until the present cold weather is at an end. 

 Those hatched in the early part of April will be suffki -ntly 



early for all purpr s, even for obtaining prizes. 

 Statistics of Cattle Feeding : Erratum. At page 107, instead 

 of nearly '"'20" tons. r?ad " 26" tons to the acre. Our valued 

 correspondent " Y ' T states that when the Turnip crop is lifted 

 as late in December as the weather permits, he applies the 

 following method for testing the weight of his crop lie says— 

 " I pull first single rows at intervals of 20 yards through the 



field and weigh them ; when dres I 150 yards of ridge were 



found to give on tlu* average near 14 cwt. r or 13 cwt. 3 qr 14 lbs., 

 the ridges being 2 ft. 6 in. apart; the result appears near 27 

 tons per acre. I also mentioned a load which had been weighed ; 



the Turnipi averaged 3) lbs. each, being 1 foot apart ; the result 

 appears near 26 tons per aciv. 



We have to apologise for the delay of several answer owing 



»^» 



to the absence of the Editor in Scotland, 



GILLESPIE'S PATENT INCLINOMETER, for 

 Taking, Fixing, and Adjusting Surfnce Slopes of Lands, 

 Earthen Embankments, Railway Gradients, &c, and the Dip, 

 Outfall, or Rise of Drains, Water Courses, <fcc, and universally 

 applicable to determine the plans and aid the execution of ail 

 levelling or sloping operations known in civil engineering. 

 Prices :— Inclinometer, with mahogany frame and 



brass mounting ... •" «..« ;T* 



Do. with oak frame and wrought iron mounting 2 12 a 



Light Telescope, 10s. 6d. extra. 



Testimonials. 



From Mr. Janu Gentles, Contractor.—" I have for a con- 

 siderable time past used Gillespie's Patent Inclinometer in 

 extensive drainage operations carried on by me, and I have found 

 it to be of the greatest service, in showing the minutest slope in 

 the ground, and in saving of labour*, and I could not have con- 

 ducted many of the drains with any degree of accuracy without 

 its assistance"— James Gentles, Hart II ill, by Whitburn. 



Extra of a letter from John Mitchell, Esq., Stand Hill, Bath- 

 gate. — " I highly appreciate its capabilities as a levelling instru- 

 ment. In level lands, where there is a difficulty in detecting in 

 which direction the land slopes, it is invaluable." 



Extract nf.a letter from Mr. John Turner, Surveyor, Whitburn. 

 — ' Th«' more I have tested it the more have I appreciated its 

 value. By this invention the power of levelling is brought within 

 the reach of all men of ordinary capacity." 



Sold by Wrr/UAM Piiat & Co., Engineers, &c, Swan Lane, 

 London. Specimens and Models maybe seen at their Warerooms. 

 Also a Descriptive Treatise on the nature and uses of the Patent 

 Inclinometer, and i i of Recommendations of its efficiency and 

 value to be had on application. 



