140 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



[March 



We can mmly mm L>u tons m Carrots p<--r acre on um 



land which m* Run it was broken op, produced 



1 ton of hay. Now » oe horse daily consume 56 lhs. 



of Carrots instead erf 26 lhs. of hay— which tliey did 

 consume tke first winter, as we had not any roots to give 

 them then— an acre of Carrots will last a horse 800 

 days, while an acre of hay at 28 lbs. per horse per day 

 will only last hiua 8U days, but the cost attending the 

 acre of Carrots may be double of that attending the crop 



arrangement 

 ipplicable to 





Below 



of hay. it 



Administration of a Charity. 



of *a Rice fund which I originated last year in an agri- 

 cultural parish in Herts, with a population of about 700, 

 consisting chiefly of labourers. The same plan has 

 teen adopted this year v. h success, though the Rice 

 sold weekly has not amounted quite to the same quantity 

 aa'last year, which is to be accounted for from the fact 

 tiiat bread has not ranged quite so high this year as last, 

 and also* tliat there has been more employment for 

 labour. The conditions on which the Rice is sold, 

 which is) done by the wife of one of our farmers, are 

 these : — 1, No person in the receipt of parish relief to 

 buy any ; 2, No married couple, with either one or two 

 children, to buy any ; .'}, Man and wife with three 

 chlJren under lbyeaw, to buy 7 lbs. a week ;4,Manand 

 wife witii .'our children under \G years, to buy °lbs. a 

 *reek ; 5, Mao and wife with five children under 16 years, 

 to buy 1 1 lbs. a week ; 6, Man and wife with six children 

 tinder I 6 years, to buy 13 lb.-., and eo on, increasing 

 I lbs. a week for every child over 6 and under 

 16 years of age. The reason for prohibiting a person 

 In receipt of parish relief from purchasing any Rice is 

 that as in this union the relief is niven nartlv in kind. 





agricultural societies, the 

 proposed by Mr. Gray would be equally mm 

 the construction of tents, field hospitals, or other 

 portable and temporary coverings for out-door pur- 

 poses.— The President also explained to the members 

 the ingenious minor contrivances adopted by the 

 inventor in the details of his plan for rendering his 

 arrangements complete.— The thanks of the Council 

 were ordered to Mr. Gray, for the trouble he had 

 himself taken in submitting his invention to the notice 



of the Council. 



Australian Wheat.— The South Australian Local 

 Committee for the Great Exhibition of ltfol transmitted 

 to the Council a portion of their sample bottles of 

 Adelaide grain received back from the Royal Commis- 

 sioners at the close of the Exhibition. Sir Matthew 

 White Ridley, Bart., informed the Council (in a letter 

 addressed to them in August last), that althouiih the 

 Australian seed-Wheat had not succeeded well with 

 some of the members who had tried it, he was himself 

 partial to it as a Wheat after Turnips in his district in 

 Northumberland. He had previously had good crops 

 of it and a good sample ; and had that year (1854) again 

 a superb crop of it, from the produce of the small 

 quantity he had received at a Council meeting six or 

 seven years ago. He had of course changed the land on 

 which he had grown this particular Wheat. 



Stoppage of Drains.— Mr. Frere, of Roy don Hall, 

 Diss, Norfolk, having frequently had his improvements 

 checked by the stoppage of drains on his property, occa- 

 sioned by fibres from the roots of trees, had recently 

 met with a plan which appeared to him as likely to 

 prove a radical cure of the evil in question. It was 



nitrogen and ammonia, and of the 

 alkalies in the; different substances, whet! 



phosphat 



m 



i 



s 

 * 



artificial, used as manures, the President *$*** 

 Way, Mr. S.'aney, .Sir John Johnstone {u p Pr °S 

 Rev. L. Vernon Harcourt, and Mr R aV m ' *i » 

 addressed the Council on the importance of*? 

 which such a table would furnish to the farm ** 

 country, in their estimation of the market fi ° f *■ 

 manure, and of its adaptation to their particul * 4 

 and the Council referred the recommendation i 1 *: 



-1- ne Council hatj 



Chemical Committee of the Society. 



monthly meeting on the 7th cf March.' 



to 



:-jj 



** 



i&oticcs of 23oofcs 



l he Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of Em}** 

 Vol. XV., part 2. John Murray, Albemiri £ 

 Ihe current part of this work contains more thalnL 

 usual quantity of veterinary matter. Professor SirjJJ 

 valuable lectures on the teeth of the o\ 



pig as indicative of age are reprinted. 



4tfead , and Hour, the price of these articles to the contained in Mr. Brown's second edition of his work 



recipient is a matter of indifference, as whether the entitled " The Forester," fa pages 132 — 4. Mr. Frere 

 4>read is C or 10c/. a loaf he has his bread. The reason , had adopted the plan proposed, to a small extent, as 



for the second rule is obvious, that with only two an experiment, the result of which he would in due 



children, an 1 the present rate of wages, the aid of course report to the Council. In the meantime, he 



ckarify is not so much needed. If these statistics in thought that some other members of the Society might 



your stimation are like to be of use, you will perhaps possibl/be induced to join him in the trial during the 



give them pui One advantage I think in this way ensuing spring. He suggested that Mr. Brown would, 



of adrn isteriog relief is, that the Rice being sold and perhaps, on application to him, kindly supply the result 



not given away, the feeling of self-dependence is not 

 materially weakened in the poor man ; and another 

 advantage is that childr i, who are the great sufferers 

 in these dear times, need n , and do not, go without a 

 daily supply of food well suited to them. 



Farmer Btlham s Kiel Fund Account. ISSfl-i. 



Or. 



f cwt. of Aloe bought at 175. 3d. per cwt. 

 Carriaff 





• • • 





• • • 





• • t 



• •• 



• 



• • • 



* •■ 





£ 3. 



6 

 S 18 



1 > 18 

 11 



I 

 6 







n 





Cr. 



Id to the poor at i\d. per lb. 





N >vemher 98 



December 3 



!0 



17 

 24 

 31 

 7 

 U 



I 

 28 



February 4 



11 



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uary 





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Marc 

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 26 







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isiiba 



38 1 



287 



186 



*34 



IM 11 104 



£ 9. d. 



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... 





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4 

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 18 

 M 



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) 

 2 16 

 251 

 241 

 249 

 255 

 17 



tf 

 ft 



n 



if 



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ft 





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of his own experience of the plan he had proposed, 

 during the four years that bad elapsed since the sec< nd 

 edition of his work had appeared. Mr. Brown's shut 

 drain among trees is 48 inches deep, 12 wide at the top 

 and 9 at the bottom. In filling the drain, he recom- 

 mends rough gravel to be put in for the first 8 inches 

 from the bottom, on which a sole of slates is to be laid 

 for the drain tiles to rest upon, leaving between each 

 sole a vacancy, or chamber, of 1 inch deep. The tiles 

 being laid, are to be surrounded with a puddle of good 

 clay 3 inches thick on each side, and the same over the 

 top of them. This covering of clay, he conceives, 

 will prevent the fibres descending into the tiles, while 



at Id. per lb. 



n 



tt 



ts 

 n 



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*• 



... 



... 



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 1 

 1 



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9 



6 



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4 



6 



11 



19 

 19 

 19 

 IS 



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Deficiency made 



-1 Country Curate. 

 Backward Agriadt 



re.— Excuse me taking the liberty 

 1 *-a * ~ through the medium of your widely-circu- 

 lated paper, how it is that we see in travelling through 

 almost every county in England so much land wretchedly 

 cultivated in the middle of the 19th centurv, and in this 

 boasted age of agricultural improvements. I will th^h 

 joo to tell me who 



1 la J the cur ™'t of water filtering through the gravel will 



induce them to remain below them, the chamber 

 between the soles being intended to receive any super- 

 abundant water that the bed of gravel might on any 

 extraordinary flow be unable to contain. Mr. Brown 

 considers that such a drain would keep good for 50 

 years.— Sir John Johnstone feared thafsuch drains 

 would be double the expense of those constructed in 

 the ordinary way.— Mr. Paine had been in the habit 

 of using double tiles for the purpose proposed, and 

 these were found fully to answer the purpose. 



Cock's-foot Grass.— Communications on the value of 

 the Dactylxs gUmerata were received from Miss Banister, 

 of Steymng, t Mr. Graburn, and Mr. Scott. Mira 

 Banister s paper referred to her own experience in the 

 cultivation ot that Grass, and to the various specimens 



tt r v {or T r ^t from time t0 time to the Council ; 

 Mr. Orabura s, to his comparison of the Cocksfoot with 

 the Italian Rye-grass, for forcing purposes, and to a 

 regu ar series of experiments on the productive powers 

 of various Grasses by means of irrigation, in which he 

 was | about to engage and of which he would furnisn 

 to the Council the detailed result ; Mr. Scott's, to 



19 

 15 



11 

 



3 



4 



9} 

 8 

 2 

 4 

 6 

 S 

 4 

 6 

 11 

 1 

 9 

 3 

 7 



1 



£34 li 10J 



that 



tenants 



"*»* great national evd. A Corrctpo 

 &Bdy Mr. Mechi's writings on the sub 



„._ "foraation on the value of the Dae ty lis glomerata 



are to blame, whether the landlords S32LH t ^ in his P rize essa >' in the Highland 



_u ,__ .. Society s Transactions for October, 1853, and to Mr 



the Locks-foot Grass took the lead of the other Grasses 

 after mowing until the frost set in, when it was desX ed 



£lkt? the i M Fescue ( ^ atuca •Mit^ii 



came in earlier, and continueddater, being at the same 



He was sorry that the Fescue in 



ubject !] 



^onrttcs 



ROYAL AOBICULTURAL OF ENGLAND. 



Weekly Council, Feb. SB.— Mr. Miles, M.I\, Pres 

 dent, tn the chair. ' 



Shedding. J 





sheep, uj 



This and u 

 vo,5 7 vix pwiuvicui lever m ewes, by Mr. Seanm 

 occupy more than one third of the part The o2 

 papers are by Mr. Read, on Oxfordshire farming 

 Messrs. Hamond and Burnett, on the implement* 

 live stock departments respectively of the Lincoln shot • 

 on Dorsetshire farming, by Mr. ltuegg ; on the naW 

 history of the Grasses, by Professor J. Buckman • m 

 the growth of Beans and Peas, by Mr. Vallentine • « 

 cattle feeding, by Mr. Lawrence ; and on the influence 

 ol lime on soils, by Professor Way. There are two 

 or three other shorter papers of less importance. There 

 is thus the usual variety and fullness which past volon* 

 have exhibited ; and there is a great deal to which we 

 shall hereafter direct the attention of our readers. 



Probably the most important paper is that by Pro- 

 fessor Way. If his further researches shall verify Li 

 speculation on the relations of lime to the ammonia. 

 retaining and ammonia-attracting power of soils, they 

 will have a very important influence on farm prac 

 in this particular. 



Bulky dressings of lime at lease-wide intervals will be 

 abandoned for the more frequent smaller doses which 

 the Professor recommends, and which are commoner 

 English than the y are in Scott ish agriculture. 



Calendar of Operations. 



FEBRUARY. 



Border of the Fens, Feb. 26th.— After nearly six week* 

 wintry weather, on Saturday the 24th, a welcome change took 

 place in the advent of a gradual, and up to this evening, an u- 

 interrupted thaw, accompanied yesterday and this morning by i 

 moderate fall of rain; our first thoughts are naturally direcW 

 to the sheep, seeing that the ewes have a dry lair in the lambinf* 

 fold at night, and we have found it necessary to shift the lamb- 

 hogs from the Turnip field (which is reduced by the effects of 

 frost and rain to a perfect quagmire), and putting them for s day 

 or two into a Grass field, where we shall continue to give thai 

 cut Turnips until the land is settled and again fit for their rec^ 

 tion. Three or four lambs have already made their appearaace, 

 and in another week the shepherd will have his " hulks' fi 

 and his hands full night and day in every variety of early I* 

 among the woolly multitude. The chief error to be avoided in tnia, 

 as in other circumstances, is any tendency to ofiiciousness, as too 

 anxious a desire to render assistance, when not required, has fre- 

 quently resulted in severe loss to the breeder ; time and patience 

 will work wonders; self-possession, care, and adroitness wU 

 generally meet those cases of exception which more frequently 

 occur in a new or mixed flock and when in high condition, tb« 

 where the ewes are natives of the farm and recruited from tin 

 owner's young stock ; nor is it a light or easy matter to obtain* 

 good flock of ewes of the right stamp, when by the misfortuneof 

 disease, accidents, or great mortality, a serious diminution* 

 number should occur. A farmer may pick up a fetf at a A 

 where he generally has to give a high price, or at market, wb«» 

 there is always a risk of getting culled or defective sheep: a 

 short, any one having land suitable for ewes, who mtf 

 have pursued the raising of sheep for some years, feels great 

 pleasure in gradually modifying and improving his sliwP.V 

 selecting the theaves tbat possess those qualities to wto» 

 he attaches any importance, and it is a great chance J 

 they do not become his favourites—nurtured, chosen, protflewj 

 and maintained, that he may in turn be rewarded by their lengtt 

 and weight of wool, early maturity, heavy carcase, and li|» 

 losses, to compare with his neighbours' luck and help topiyw 

 rent. If sheep breeding is not more practised than of yore, 1 1 1" 

 at least revived, seeing the good trade that ram-breeders naw 

 driven of late ; and although it may be profitable for some arti» 

 by confinement upon boards and in dark places to make mwm 

 rapidly, yet, to provide for these wholesale feeding gentlemeo^ 

 is quite evident that we must look to our pastures, which infj 

 toral tranquillity graze and will continue, let us A°lV? fSJ 

 the millions of ewes and lambs which are to re P lenlsh J?Jr 



to 



poles, let 



ropce, or r 



™;. i , ~ Mp - Jonathan Gray's model of an econo- 

 mical m ode of constructing shedding for agricultural 

 »a other purposes was submitted to the Council ; and 

 ^ absence of the inventor (through illness) explained 



con^r^" ^ the Pre8ident - Th * framework 



bT to ^L l6t i D L° , ho!e3 in the Sromid made 

 i£*u71 xT*l ' . Md securely in their uorieht 



^ Sr r y oi? 8UUdinal and tr * n9Ve ™ metallic S 

 chalL of J^T ng °. ve V heir ^Ps, and carried, like 

 ground wtl; T£T n ' h r^> ° n each 52 inti the 

 Seir • fill SSteh V ST '"^ m00red and ke P< at 

 ^e-wlk^tve^ wTr^r^ Sr^ ?* 

 « each side of the shewing t^lVir f - ?!! 

 ^cornmodated themes £ iL^fS'i 

 Jmensions of the canvas, keeping it cons^ntlv *? ^ 



see. JE^sssfr *: '=£ -;r. 



_. . . , — - — — ~t ». ab ura rescue m ar , abIe and fat Tnrnipy districts made fertile hy sheep 



question had not been one of the Grasses examine K„ which our maik ets are supplied. The thaw and ram a«£ 

 Prof. Way in his valuable paper in Z 7TZf *? ft5tS!» !•»-»•? f ™™> ™*»^" * 



full account nf? ^^^ ***** h Ae J ^mal. 

 lul account of its merits would be found 



well known work. 



A 



in 



to fete* 

 nrd. 



Sinclair's 7 ater four or fiv e miles for every purpose of the house * nd J2J 



Prof. Way's specimens had been wV^lf?!* 1 ^^ 



supplied to him by Mr. Braveuder of nZ P 2 i • £ ut no ^ ^liable to the public, and therefore those who iJJ 



who considered the Cock's fin „! ' J^^rslnre, from the scarcity provide themselves from the nearest rirer^ 



that indicated ^ 1. li -T ? f th ° Se Grasses ^ ro °V rother ^servoir to which free access is attainable ^ 



Prof wZ g i and; and U had been found by hear ofaman W™S ^ a week to labourers for thi oajj 



1 rot. Way 8 analysis to stand at the head of the !Ut nf P °l^ ,° f fetchin K water , besides the expenses of *«** 



♦k. ^ . i« neaa oi the 1st of vehicles ; another tells you that, do as he will, be cannot £ 



the Grasses supposed to be nutri tin, \Zhl* n ' 8 ' ° f i Ve ^ icles 5 anotb ^ tells y 0U 



Pwfessor Way not havina^ , • ch ^ micalI y speaking, sufficient to keep his stock 



far its flenh f L • ID ? Mccwa,ned practically how JJ^mployed in agricultural 

 iar its nesh-furnun-r conar.itii»Tir« «r^«. r_5 J " . bein- to hw™* «ri. AM « a ;♦• ; 



in health. 



0W ? n . em Ployed in agricultural parts the farmers 





K V M u ,Dg const, tuents were free or controlled ^ m ? J ? blame ' w "ereas if inquiry was instituted it wow, 



b) other circumstances in th* ^„.i *^ai--\* .?* Ullnk » h * discovered that other callings contribute a^ 



depende«l 



i 



,• ,, T , 3 ia th e actual feeding of animals 



■bir John Johnstone thought th e ;Cockv4t very^ood 



good 



rasses 



«wm ui me pcupie out ui woiKf sucii as uiik*>u*j~ *»t •»- rt lif- 

 ters, boatmen, and railway labourers, gardeners, P° r . Whilst 

 glers, and excavators whether of gravel or stone r •„, 

 work can be fonnd to do on a farm we do not^u^ 

 auy one who could 



weather to discharge mm; at me wauie mmw » — ^7tc*& ** 

 jOf provisions, joined? to deficient earnings, has p«« u ^ 

 over the kingdom much privation and suffering; tn» .^ 

 on trade generally, and a great stagnation is complain^ 

 departments of business. Would that the bitter exper 

 winter could make a permanent impression of the value " ^ 

 dent habits, but wherever great ignorance pn 

 how high the wages, they go all one way down 



»,non* 

 tbro»* 



let a little light of abetter system but beam upon 



an in 



dustrio 



