THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



-^^"^iTTkins being bright and clear without i 



>,r '2rhtest pyroptoms of shrivelling. Among them 

 •he mmr-'z . rv__:« Golden Noble, a large pale 



Am one: them 



^ Blenheim Pippm _ . 



-jln APP ,e > ^ u,, ' s Golden R einette ? Kirk's ditto. Court 

 Z2|I Plat. 'Robinson's Pippin, Bedfordshire Found- 

 2?Se]ene (reported to be a useful Apple), Old Golden 

 5? *n (from an east wall), Scarlet Nonpareil, and one 



to others. Mr. McEwen also sent a trayful of well- 

 Jl^rved varieties of Apples from the Duke of Norfolk's 

 Jjfen »t Arundel. 



fcixtbeTTks were exhibited but they were not good. 

 Mr M*E wen sent ^iack Prince and Keens' Seedling; 

 and Mr. Brown, °* WaJ tnam Abbey, the last named 



Forced Vegetables, considering the bad weather we 

 hire had for such things, were very satisfactory : Mr. 

 M'Ewen produced examples of Mitchell's Royal Albert 

 Rhubarb, Fulmer's Early Kidney Bean, Asparagus, 

 potatoes ( ve rv small), Seakale, and Mushrooms. Mr. 

 Fleming sent "from Trent ham Rhubarb, Kidney Beans, 

 S*kale, l^ves of Silver Beet, a brace of good" Cucum- 

 bers, and some Mushrooms. 



Of Salad Vegetables, Mr. Tillyard sent Beck's short- 

 topped Fadish, Celery, Batavian and green- curled 

 Kndive, Mustard and Cress, and a brace of Sion House 



Mr. Fleming had Lettuces, blanched 



, Beet, Mustard and Cress, and 



1 w ** 



loo 



ing thousHiids of hiding places for insects, and orna- 

 mented with the fragments of the tailor's shop. 



The subject of heating is elaborately treated and dis- 

 cussed. Every kind of appliance, from the Dutch 

 stove down to the most recent invention, is described 

 and illustrated, showing clearly the improvements that 

 have progressively taken place up to the present time. 

 *or ourselves we consider that little, if any advance has 

 been made, either theoretically or practically, in heating 



appliances for horticultural purposes during the last 

 20 years. 



Cucumbers 



Chicory leaves, Celery 



Cucumbers, the latter a long kind, a hybrid from a 

 White spine crossed with Sion House. Mr. M'Ewen pro- 

 ceed Lettuces, Endive, Celery, young Onions, Mustard 

 iod Cregs, and Sion House Cucumber. Some Cucum- 

 bers, Mushrooms, and Asparagus, were also exhibited 

 by Mr. Taylor, gr. to J. Coster, Esq., and Mr. Tivey, 

 gr. to J. II. Elwes, Esq., of Cheltenham. Of French 

 produce, Mr. Lewis Solomon, of Covent Garden, showed 

 Lettuces, Endive, Globe Artichokes, very large, White 

 Asparagus, and Green u Sprue," and Barbe du Capucin. 



Variegated Scotch Kail was contributed by Mr. 

 Fleming, in order to show how well it had withstood 

 the severity of the winter. It was stated that the trost 

 had had no effect on it whatever, while it had left nearly 

 all other winter Cole worts quite blanched. The variety in 

 •pestion is red coloured, and is much grown in the 

 Highlands of Scotland, where it is called Cow 

 Kail. ^ It is, however, a good garden vegetable, espe- 

 cially in severe winters. 



Among Miscellaneous Articles was a new kind of hoe 

 from Mr. Wood, gr. to C. R. Scott Murray, Esq. It 

 maybe described as a common draw hoe with a pick in 

 the centre of the hoe about 6 inches or so long. It may 

 fas be said to be a combination of the Vernon and 

 coumon draw hoe. It was stated to be a useful imple- 

 ment both for stirring the ground and killing weeds. 



Avery pretty Basket made of wicker, and covered on 

 fl« outside with leather stamped so as to resemble 



fives and fruit > and a,so a smaller basket covered with 

 either leaves, were exhibited. These are intended 



\L ii ng p0t plants in in sittin S rooms, and are doubt- 

 er 1 ^"P^d for the purpose, being much more orna- 

 mental than a bare garden pot. They are made by 

 ** Utnpton, of Blackheath Hill. 



Three Watering Pots made of ziuc were shown by Mr. 

 i. B. Lawrence. A model and plan of a Hot-water Pine 

 Reproduced by Mr. Monro, gr. (o Mrs. Oddie ; they 

 ^re intended to show that by pressing, as it were, a 

 « circular pipe into a kind of square, with deep 

 J-wations m its sides, it would still have as much 

 2«^8uriace as a round 4-inch pipe, and at the same 

 -«wqu,re less water. How this kind of pipe may 

 «■** can only be determined by experiment. 



4(? P iV f - Vegetab,es P reserved by Messrs. Chollet 



ifcll'a*. ' Under Mas8on * s patent, were exhibited; 



«coum of these will be found in another page. 



fcterial XteD p Ve and va,uab,e assortment of Fibrous 

 faUuri L , rda g e and Pa per prepared from them was 

 Wtl, J e secretai 7of the Society, Dr. Boyle. 

 gthera w «*e Plantain fibre and tow, plain and 



tough for packing paper : and here it has been made 

 fine enough for the Queen's note paper. In India, they 

 also make paper from the so-called Hemps and Jute 

 as well as from Cotton ; that is, from species of Cor- 

 chorus, Crotalaria, Hibiscus, and Gossypium : thus they 

 can show an abundant, never-failing source of supply of 

 cheap materials. The basts made into rope even sell on 

 the Arracan coast for about 3s. a cwt. ; Jute and Sunn 

 are sold in the state of fibre from 3s. to 5s. a cwt. Why 

 may not other fibres be produced as cheaply on such 

 coasts as those of Malabar and the Malayan peninsula 



lt,t X ^ an . d ^ell-watered Bengal ! Mr. Henle^ As regards ventilation, however, we entertain a wry 

 quoted m Dr. Royle's new work, where all these things different opinion. Recent experiments have IhoZ 

 are fully detailed, states that good half stuff may be that many of the really >St 1 .w «2 

 landed m London at from 131. to 161 per ton ; the latter , daily of iron, were defective hE™S' Some 

 3 1° ^/T ? ood lmen *.»&> from whic " <h<*e I pWs existed in them, others died, bS none lu«riat™d 

 Tor over KiftlSiSC'SS *"' w f idl f *«» uM .!«they onglH to have'done under' the ^ aTountofl^ ht 

 menared f™ ™ hS™ g T . P ° ^ l wl " ch ^ reCeived " This > as was Awards discovered, 



TrZ Mr Xdet™ Tw52 were „ als ° exl » bited ■«« from defective ventilation, a subject which is 



s ion| and of tolerably good colour. It was mentioned , ve would strongly recommend everv person especially 



toSZSX SSST?i2S r submitted to garden wehit< * s and * ard — 2355 t7£S 



v th h in n/der Z I! ^ ( g «P«iments and thoroughly comprehend it, for in this lies thfv. 



reiVnfth.rnv. M ~5 ta, n>ta value, and that the l soul and success of 'plant culture. Perfect ventilation 



L7eriof in strerXo H r e l g r at, ° nS ^ ^ * ™ is aS eSSential ,0 ih ° fu " and V^fect development of 

 inferior m strength to Hemp, but very nearly as strong plants as healthy lungs are to the vigorous expansion of 



the human bod v. 



ery 

 ation 



as Flax. 



Among plants from the garden of the Societv, the 

 most remarkable was Thyrsacanthus rutiians, a scarlet- 

 flowered stove plant, of which some account was given 

 last week. There were also cut flowers of Chimonan- 

 thus, from plants on the conservative wall, protected 

 only by mats, which have had the effect of preserving 

 them perfectly from the frost. ° 



Cuttings of four kinds of new Pears were distributed 

 to such Fellows as wished to receive them. 



The^ Medals, &c, awarded on this occasion, will be 

 found in our advertising columns. 



Motittf} of Books 



The Booh of the CkwA ft. By Charles M'lntosh. Black- 

 wood. Edinburgh and London. 2 vols. 8va 4l.7s.6d. 

 Every one interested in gardening or who has devoted 

 any portion of time either to the perusal of its literature 

 or to the pursuit of it as a delightful and intellectual 

 occupation, must have noted the extraordinary and 

 almost incredible strides which have marked its progress 

 during the last 30 years. It is the purpose of the work 

 before us to describe that progress, thirty years since 

 little inroad had been made upon the ancient principles 

 of its architecture or its every-day operations; hence, any 

 innovation upon long established practices was received 

 with suspicion and distrust. To have erected a green- 

 house upon any other plan than with front sashes, 

 like a pastrycook's shop, and a semi-opaque roof, 

 would have been considered absurd. Houses for the 



In the construction of every kind of building required 

 in a garden, the " structural" section of the work will 

 be found to contain a large amount of information suit- 

 able alike for buildings and gardens. Mr. M'lntosh 

 being himself one of the most experienced garden 

 architects of our time, minute details are given, so that 

 the expense of even a pit, up to a garden replete with 

 every necessary erection, may be at once nscertained, a 

 matter of no small importance to gentlemen about 

 either to form new gardens or improve such as already 

 exist. The details are copious and exact, and the esti- 

 mates, as far as these can be given, owing to the fluc- 

 tuation of prices of labour and materials in different 

 parts of the country, are such as may be relied upon as 

 a close approximation to accuracy. 



We shall conclude our notice of the first volume of 

 this work, which is devoted to structural gardening, 

 matter wholly different from that contained iu the 

 second volume, with a few observations on the execution 

 of the work before us. It contains nearly 800 pages 

 and about 1100 illustrations, and it will, we think, be 

 admitted that artistically no former work on gardening has 

 yet equalled it ; the engravings are selected from the best 

 subjects, such as the Royal Gardens, Frogmore, Royal 

 Botanic Garden, Kew, Syon House, Chiswick House, 

 Holland House, Dalkeith Palace, &c, &c, besides some 

 excellent examples of flower gardens. The coloured 

 plates deserve the attentive consideration of the young 

 gardener, exhibiting as they do the principles by which 

 the various colours to produce harmonious effect are 

 arranged. On the whole, this volume on structural 



production of fruits had also one 'stereotyped plan, f rdellin & 1)oth in compilation and artistical execution, 



viz., the lean-to. The timbers employed were such as 

 are used in the construction of cathedrals ; the glass, 

 the dingiest that could be found, with small squares, 

 half of them lap, and usually embedded in putty. These 

 principles we modern innovators presume were adopted 

 to keep in heat and shut out light, and yet our author 

 says,* "Improvements in hothouse building appear to 

 bear no comparison with the improvements that have 

 taken place of late years iu other departments of horti- 

 culture." We think it must, however, be admitted that 

 progress has been made in the "structural" depart- 

 ment of cardeniner. Sir George M'Kenzie and the late 



the first to 



and let 



of 



among 



***** p ng ifc takes colour wel1 ; al8 ° fibre from 



K<*rW \t . or A %* ve (Madras), Sanseviera or 

 <Wpi n « T nj , a ( Sa *charum Munja), a kind of Sugar 

 Wlikw P P ' and Jute (Corchorus olitorius). There 

 ■*) and r 6 eS ° f Bhab » u ^ (Eriophorum cannabi- 

 ^^faad^!r7 s(ate S €tum ) J t0 ? e tner with examples 



^ tree If ?^ l0th from the Pa P er Mulberry and 

 ^envill IT* 1160 - Thefi e natural cloths and fibres, 

 4 ^ excitlT P a Pers made from Lace-bark, Plaintain, 

 **** aT;J* 8 J n l ,g,,t be "P^ted, much interest, 

 11 tatiie «,;« y - , > the richn *8S of our Indian empire 

 ** os. ™ aie *'als, which are at present so scarce 



whM WGre 8ellt P artl y t0 show the g r «*t 



^»**f£. w . e have in Illdia > and of **** 



K*ho Javn far East > in °PP°»tion to some 



***** // a Pf r cannot be well made from fibres, 



^ to *oTth e ? U,re a W0V€n iabric * Another object 

 >l8| t tl * fihi* y °, U Deed not toke the trouble of sepa- 

 **P °ff the h*l\ ln ^vidually, but that the Chinese, &c, 

 2? h ^ stuff a e Pa P er Mulberry and pound it 



J**** do til 1 water {t down 5nt0 P ul P 5 so iu thc 



k? 11 * touff h n tTeat the Da P hne f of which enormous 



2*^ win i r are made ' a,ld whicb « wIlcn care " 



2^ Io <lian n»J!_ * the finest impressions, as the so- 



They strip off the bark 



y, Artocarpus, &c, which we 



S^TCbt p ™ 0, ' : 



kJ^ "* ">ark im 1 ,;i u "- K, y »"<> are abundant, au«t 

 C ,Wdi >iK ba»k , stuff ! so with mRn y o th er trees 

 ? ^« paW ft. ' C '° th » &c " In Indis >. moreover, 

 ^» MdVu!! 1 • ndo " enm,s fibres, as of Agave, 

 ^'y; tKL rr, The ^tter of every v«riet; 



«> both thick for drawing paper, and 



Thomas Andrew Knight were 



dispel the cloud that hung over us, and let in the 

 rays of light. Mr. Loudon, by means of his mime* 

 rous publications, helped to enlist and enlighten the 

 public mind. Then came forward Sir Joseph Faxton, 

 who produced the great conservatory at Chatsworth 

 (at that time unequalled as a glass structure) on a new 

 principle termed "the ridge and furrow." This has 

 been followed by the Crystal Palace at Sydenham, 

 which a celebrated writer terms, and justly, " the eighth 

 wonder of the world." We cannot, therefore, at all 

 agree with our author in his opinion on the progress of 

 "structural" gardening, and in support of our case we 

 appeal to plates 6 and 7, which illustrate his own 

 (teSigi s at Foltalloch and also at Panmure, where he 

 has succeeded in producing a new system of arrange- 

 ment and ventilation of an admirable description. 



For the construction of garden walls Mr. M'lntosh 

 has given various plans ; but we are glad to find that 

 when built of brick he approves of ami adopts hollow 

 walls, which are equally strong as solid ones, and less 

 expensive, the cavity within containing a large body of 

 air, which from its nonconductive properties renders 

 them drier and warmer; and he adds,+ "to ensure 

 durability all walls when first built ought to be furnished 

 with either cast-iron eyed or headed nails pushed into 

 the joints before the mortar or cement is set, 9 inches 

 as a minimum and 15 inches the maximum distance 

 apart. To these the trees should be secured by soft 

 twine previously steeped in pyroligneous ether. This 

 will not only be found an immense saving of material 

 ever after, but will secure the wall against those mniual 

 defacements which arise from driving in and pulling out 

 thousands of nails both in joints and in the bricks." 

 In this excellent advice we entirely concur, lor what 

 can be more onsightly than a garden wall freckled all 

 over as if it had had an attack of the small pox, afford- 



» 



deserves our warmest commendation. 



The second volume of this work is of a cultural 

 character, and has been got up with great care and re- 

 search. It embodies the opinions and practice of the 

 older writers on Horticulture, and also what is of more 

 importance, the experience of our eminent modern 

 gardeners on the subject, together with the opinions of 

 our author, who has studied and practised the art for 

 upwards of half a century, both in this country and on 

 the Continent. If we were called upon to show the 

 value such a book possesses when in the hands of a 

 gentleman or his gardener, we might point to page 10 

 of the volume under notice, where Mr. M'lntosh give* 

 the quantities of seeds necessary for a kitchen garden 

 of an acre. How such quantities may agree with those 

 recommended by our advertising friends, we know not ; 

 we should, however, feel ourselves safe in being guided 

 by the great experience of our author in a matter of 

 this kind. With regard to the varieties of seeds, which are 

 now becoming a nuisance, and a puzzle to every possessor 

 of a garden, Mr. M'Intosh's book will be found a good 

 guide, pointing out as it does the best kinds to form a 

 selection, a matter which every one must admit to be 

 most important. The same in fact may be said in 

 respect to fruit trees. The cumbrous lists which are 

 issued from the various nursery establishments, both in 

 this country and on the Continent, are enough to perplex 

 and confuse our very best cultivators. " The Book of 

 the Garden " will relieve us of much of this difficulty. 

 It will also place before the reading gardener — and who 

 are not reading gardeners now-a-days '? — the prin- 

 ciples of the art explained and discussed in a manner 

 diffuse and instructive. Such plants as are introduced, 

 whether tree, shrub, herb, or vegetable, are folly 

 described, botii as to culture and use, and we doubt 

 whether in any other work the enemies of gardeners 

 have been more fully illustrated. The insects which 

 inflict an injury on vegetation are not overlooked, and 

 the readiest means of their destruction pointed out. We 

 therefore feel justified in recommending Mr. M'lntosh's 

 two excellent volumes to the notice of the public. 



R 



* Vol. I. f page 108. 



t Vol. I., page 106. 



The Hollyhock.— This is now becoming a favourite 

 both in the gardens of the rich and poor. It is a plant 

 of easy culture, and may be propagated either bv seed 

 division of the roots, or by cuttings. The seed should 

 be gathered from the best coloured double varieties, and 

 when cleaned from the husk it should be stored in a dry 



