Id 



.1 



THE at; HI (MILT URAL GAZETTE. 



5fi0 t«» i'J bStEtfaiof Wheat • tin* 1U * ot 



Ammo: u Id afford a produce fab- >,000 qra.j 



if it coul I be co nkstljr appli I f»r W i a pin 

 The intrinsic value f tho sewage of London c aider* 

 in tlua mereU nnieal point < iew is therefore cnor- 

 rantn. Indeed, a ordiug to the above euppot on, it 

 u i rttnni to the metro| is nearly one-third of the 

 Wheat consumed by its poputaii 1. If, bow< wr f it ere 

 tho* devoted ♦ tuively to the growth of com, it would, 

 at the rate above mentioned, extend over more than 

 t tO flit acres of land. But thin ammonia in the sewage 

 of London is unfortunately diatributed through an euoi 

 moos bulk i water, and Mr. \\ stead ha wn ue 



how iminenae would be the coat of distributing this 

 material over an eiioraoue area of land in the liquid 

 form. 



[Mr. Wickstaat's method of treating Mirage manure and oil 

 tboda ot extrartin* tta value in the solid fonn are then «lia- 



We al&aU refer to this bereaiter.] 



manufacture of a solid 



y de, A that the COM » I be leaded ^ a 



prope. application of the Nfi J »* " *PPf*V * t0 _™*' 

 tluJ a H>-eral di.t. ution of on Grass is the most 



■ ll 



pro n $ means 



f obtaining this result. 



M 



Conakl' ring the profitable 

 wan manure quite impracticable with 

 knowledge, 1 now turn to tl question of the employment 

 of sewage in the liquid form by irrigation. With 

 regard to what is, probal , the an tut of fluid that 

 wenld have to he dqpo*-<l f, in dealini; with London 

 ■ewagr I will say a few weeda. Hy a return presented 

 to the Houaee of Parliament last July, it nppears that the 

 water delivered into the metropol s by the nine water 

 companies gives an average of from 24 to 25 gallons per 

 head per day on a population of _ '- millions. I find, also, 

 that the average full of ram over the area anpplied by 



water Tympanies will i^ive almost exactly ■ 



similar amount per bead, namely, between 24 and 

 25 gallons Tho supply of the companies and 

 the rain-fall taken together, therefore, give a 



amount of nearly 5» gallons per head per 

 But, from this a conaiderable portion must 



flOttit* Of BOOfcSle 



Farming E*«y*. (Third Seri ) By Hewitt Davis, 

 ZtfZ &C 3, Frederick's Place, Old Jewry. 



Ridgway, London. 

 T _„. «,.«.„. in this issue of them, reach bo. ,9, 



^Zilh M Mr Davis has here contributed 

 •27 of his ry luci.I, useful, and interesting papers on 

 agricultural subjec A lar^e .gncu tural experience 



tauto C ener«l knowledge, and a pla.n and pleasant 

 stvlc in the relation of loth, combine to make Mr. 

 Davis one of the most attractive and instruct.ve of our 



««5 



present f aj cultural writers 



troaa 

 day. 



I am inclined to think 



ehonsive schemo for 



Calendar of Operations. 



[ MARCH. 



BK-Rwr. IBTM Maasa Farm, Monk 5.-At length have we 

 re icdtli »ae of a protracted snow storm. During six weeks 

 hut i grew has been made In a [cultural operations. 



The springlike «»• .ingof the new year gave place, about the 



middle of January, to weather of » more seasonable character. 

 Showe of so >wandfn v nights were the forenmners of a 



■form nnd on the 23d it lay white and hard. The ploughs being 

 topped, we embraced this opportunity for forming dung-heaps 

 nrrie break intended for Turnips, an operation to which but 



li had been previously done, owing t fine weather. Tins 



operation, * inch fand, in theor o justly) condemned by some 

 writers, is practically found Indispensable to progress at Turnip 

 tin r how could one find carts to convey afield all the dung 



from a heap i" the steading(aa recommend* »l). in that busyse in, 

 ithotit retarding the drilling to a serious extents Surely the loss 

 fammon fill I more than counterbalanc by the advantage 



ing. A sudden thaw, which permitted ploughing 



on ti th, 6th, and 7th ult.,was followed by a return of the storm 

 i north it, and it Mowed pretty constantly for a week— 

 "f, storm. The snow having now readied a 



uniform depth of a foot all orer the countrv, we were visited by 

 tl most intense frost known 1 e for many years past. At 11 p.m., 

 on the ;ht f the 15th, Fahrenheit's thermometer stood at + 3°; 



I and at tie ame hour Kt night it de nded to 2° below zero; 



I wl uring the day it ranged from 6° to 15°. It was fortunately 

 v< calm, but w ith a heavy hoar & t. At this temperature the 

 st mis were converted into sheets of s ice: and water- 



it ?.en up, though (of course) under cover. The stores of 



Turnips in fiel for sh« > begun latterly to fail : for less atten- 

 tion is paid to early storing for sheep than for cattle. 

 The bulls were so deeply covered with snow that it required 

 all hands to obtain a supply for ewes and cutting to hogs: 

 and that, not without much unavoidable destruction in the 



TREE TRANSPLANTING BY M'GLASHEn^T^ 



jiill. M'GLASHEN is now prepared* L**** 



lvi Apparatus or ve Estimates as to the rat *H% 

 will safely and expeditiously transplant Trees or £ ***** 

 dimensions iu any part of the United Kir.- , m 



Canontnills Bridge, Ed inburgh. 



W All these Machines exemplify, in the m ^t ^ 



manner, the high degree of perfection to which I", 

 and CHANDLER have attained in the manufacture nf. 110 * 

 tural Implements ; and the recent improvements mad* ^** 

 various Chaff-Machines and Corn-Crushers (articles f' 



:lv reloK— .^•la 



. a rd, M- • ^ 



Catalogues %:, 



and South John Street, Liverpool. 



K 



NEW FEEDING SYSTEW. 



EALY'S PAT1NT PRIZE ROOT 



No othkr Machine a^ 

 prepares the Turnip or Root for Lambs, }j , 



Fermented Pood, which method is attended wi hTi 

 »aving in time and money. Its exposition at the Cattk 

 has created an unprecedented demand. 



Kealy & Co., 369, Oxford Street. London 



i 



i 



be deducted for erapot >n. 



that, by the timo any 0STO] 



the disposal of the London sewage can be brought int 

 opera :i it will Dot amount to muc'.i less than 50 



fjlons per day for each individual of the populal n. 

 Ifty gallons per head per day would amount 1*81 

 tons peg head per annum ; and, as it has been seen that 

 the dry substance of the e rements of one individual is 

 4 lb*, per annum, it follows that a ton ot sewage 

 would only contain '• <>«iuees of these excrementitiooe 

 matters. In eonelusiati, there can be little doubt that it 

 the sewage of London is to be turned to some use; nl 

 purpose, it roust be applied in the li«p 1 fons in such 

 quantities as to yield the greatest possible growth that 

 land and season are capable of. An 1, certainly the! process oY " picking." About the end of February, the snow 



enormous amounts ot luee of Rye- grass which have 

 lately been record as the produce of irrigation— and 

 which there is no reason t » doubt — were never obtained 

 by such small amounts of liquid as the late Mr. Smith, 

 of Deanston, suppov tficient. For corn crops, 



an enormous supply of liquid manure is certainly not 

 well suited, for the influence of season fixes an easily 

 reached limit to the produce of grain, the gross value 



of which cannot much exceed 12& or 1 it. per acre. 

 For market gardens, Igaiti, liquid sewage does not seem 

 well adapted, as with its use the ufaee of the land is 

 liable to become .rusted, which is injurious in the 

 growth of the vegetables. There i% however, another 

 objection to any extensive application of sewage to this 

 purpose, in the unlimited amount of good stable manure 

 which is easily carried back by the carts which convey 

 the produce to London. Tt could, moreover, be easily 

 shown that the dung which was so comparatively ineffi- 

 cient a manure for the growth of Wheat is, neverthe- 

 less, peculiarly adapted lor the production of vegetables. 

 I return, therefore, to Grass, as the most suitable crop 

 for the application of liquid sewage. But that its use, 

 even for this purpose, should he attended with advantage, 

 it must, as I said before, be employed in the most 

 liberal quantities that the capabilities of land and season 

 will admit of ; and, in this way, it is not impossible that 

 in the neighbourhood of a large city a rental of 207. to 

 30/. per acre mi^ht be obtained. Experience alone can 

 decide what is the minimum area of land which would 

 yield the maximum produce and rental from tho sewage 

 of London, but there can be little doubt that it would 

 require many thousand tons of sewage per acre to \ield 

 the rental I have supposed. 1 may mention, however, 

 that if 10,000 tons of sewage were annually applied to 

 each acre, it would take about 20,0m > acres to absorb the 

 whole sewage of London, upon the estimate of 50 gallons 

 per head per day. But it is* ven possible that so far as 

 the quantity of liquid is concerned the area might he 

 reduced below that which is here assumed. It will be 

 said, perhape, that such an amount of sewage is much 

 more than would be usefully applied in furthering growth 

 or even that it would be wasteful or injurious. The 

 point, however, to which 1 wish particularlv to call 

 attention is, that up to the limit at which either the 

 amount of liquid or of manurial constituents becomes 

 positively injurious, an apparent extravagant supply of 



? gr £ di *? t8 otk a iimited mm» 0* land wiU, there is little 

 doubt, yield a more profitable result than a saving of 

 manure with a mer- extended area. There would 

 surely be no great difficulty in appropriating a fev 

 thonannd acres at no W at distance irem the Thames to 

 the purpose m question. A ,,i Grass being the produce 

 grown, so milk and eream *<*M be the hief products 

 obtained in return. Irrigated Grass i ears to supply 

 food peculiarly auapted forth* production f miik : and 

 there are certainly few ar les w h which the in- 

 habitants of the metropolis are so inadequately supplied 



Whilst, therefore, they must be justly char \ Cor the 



showers changed to rain; and the pr -nt month was ushered in 

 by a fine, fresh south-wpst wind, that has speedily discovered 

 fai ick ground," save whore a white stripe We under the lee of 

 a plan : i or thick fence. Ploughs are again at work, after a 

 mi t, and hn much to do vet in preparation for seed- 



time. Some will yet venture the Wheat destined to have been 

 •own a month ago. Lea is not yet dry enough for the Oat seed, 

 but will* -he so under this strong wind. The young "Wheat 

 plant is indebted to the deep snow for protection against the past 

 severe frosts, and looks fir h and healthy, though not yet quite 

 risen up. Pastures have acquired a fresh green henenth the 

 snow, but little more as yet. The deficiency in the Turnip crop 

 has ei meed the value of Linseed-cake and other artificial feed- 

 ing. The first quality of Beans, at less than 01. per ton, are 

 surely cheaper than oilcnke at 13?. Sheep have not improved 

 ninth lately; but cattle, being well housed, have thriven. Among 

 lambs there are few twins ; hut the single ones will be the soon* 

 fat. Our regular lambing time commences next week. J. T. 



p. 



v "y 



4 



FREDERICK PHILLIPS' PATENT 



THE Pi:IZE PULPING MACHINE of thelUu 



-i Agricultural Society's Show, held at Lincoln, Julv iff* 



Of all the Pulping Machines which are before the Ptir 

 is the only one which the Koyal Agricultural So< cerSfai 

 "breaking the km ts well/'— all others are certified * m "J! 

 their Journal, just published, page 373, also in t! 

 " Diminishing the Quantity of Knots in Fattening Cat 

 490), and the great bragL'adocia " No Other," adver' «i i^» 

 alth rh tried against that ot F. P. and others, was tv t elm!* 

 all, in fact was k ' nowhere" ^"* 



F. P. is happy to inform his numerous applicants far lb 

 Machine, that he has greatly simplified its construction tMht 

 affeeting its efficiency, and lias reduced its price from lUSl 

 to 71. with Fl<nr, and 61. lO.s. without boarded Floor. 



Orders addressed to Frederick Phillips, near Bnafc 

 Suffolk, promptly attended to. ^ 



WARNER'S IMPROVED LIQUID MANUBL 

 OPw GENERAL PORTABLE PUMP. 



The valve is a ball of imperiitffe 

 material, and cannot ring m k&l 

 The barrel is of galvanised \m.m 

 likely to corrode, and can be nisei » 

 lowered at pleasure. The legs i 

 together, and the whole may be 

 on shoulder to any pond or tankrc^itni 



Price of 4£ in. Pump, with le^Uk 

 The barrel is 27g in. long, and *le icp 

 are 5 ft. high. 



li inch Gutta Percha Suctios lift. 

 Is. 6d. per foot. 



li inch Flexible Rubber and Cssm 

 Suction Pipe, 3s. 6d. per (bot 



May be obtained of any IrosBapi 

 or Plumber in town or country, it fr 

 above prices, or of the Patentees! 

 Manufacturers, John Warner 4 &r. 



8, Crescent, Jewin Street. Lm 



Every description of Machinery* 

 Raising Water, by means of Wis* 

 Rams, Deep Well Pumps, «.; IP 

 Fire and Garden Engines, &c— Engra vings sent on iflfe 



ARNER'S PATENT - VIBRATING"! ■ *■ 



DA RD PUMPS. r>L 



PATENT CAST-IRON PUMPS, for the use of Farm CJ 



tages, Manure Tanks, and Wells of a depth not exceeding**- 



Diameter Length of Barrel, 



ofI5arrel under nose. j»;Jts 



2i in. short 1 ft. 7 in. /Fitted for lead,}! BJ 







Notices to Correspondents. 



Ayrshire Ce.WB : FN. We do not know the address of onr corre- 

 spondent tl Clericns," and you have not given us your own, so 

 that we cannot exchange the two. 



Fi, ted Potato! : A Y. If all the Potato be "slightly" 

 affected it is useless for seed. If by "slightly" affected yon 

 mean that a part only of a Potato is affected, the sound piece 

 cur i ;r". if it has an "eye" in it, may, of course, be used asa "set." 



Gen al Book os FaaillKO : O M. The editor of this paper is 

 the editor of one of the works you allude to, and is therefore 

 incompetent to deride between them. 



Namk of Grass: H". ft ion. It is Timothy Grass— Phleum 

 pratense. Eat it down: you can do it if you take it early 

 enough ; the stock are fond of it. It would be a loss to you to 



get rid of It, 



I FErunro: Ti II. If we had a steaming apparatus on the farm 

 we would not give store or fattir pigs raw Swedes and Man- 

 golds. The steamed roots are less loosening in their effect on 



the )w« . ch'n fly because ef the power you have of thoroughly 

 mixingthem np with drier material. 



P< .try: An Old >.<•■•" riber. Spanish fowls are good lavers- 

 Cochins both lay and sit well, and are moreover excellent 

 n . If you are likely to have a dirty or smoky mil by nil 



men keep dark-feathered fowls; so much depends upon the 



size and nature of the place where thev are > be confined 

 that web< itato to advise you until sati^ d on this point' 

 ( nil ir confinement well, and a very h fe*ee sninces to 



keep them v. onnds; I Uin burghs." on the contrary 'are 



moi wild, and will fly a considerable d fance. A m five 

 hens to on^cock is the usual numberwe allow, hut here 8-ain 

 breed mart be consulted; ten hens may be put with Tone 

 « game ' cock whereas five to a " Dorking » cock would he the 

 outside number. Eggs could not he expected to hatch well 

 taring the severe weather; make another attempt, and the 

 chances are cor lerahly in y on r favour. The price of Ham' 

 burgh fowls varies from 7s. to 20s. each ; t) j are neat nr 

 and rj : -s. Look over the advertising columns, Vr .end 



iHORT^HOfi I amus. H. J. Strafford, Esq. 13 Fuston 



Square, editor of the -Herd Book." lv ' ^ nston 



Sh« r-HOKNCaur: Uaven od. We would recommend vnn'tr, 

 di Kane the medi H y ;u We been givin^and ^£ 



% 'ELK Z Y7Sff^j£^i VVT^ 



2 

 3 



4 

 2i 



V 

 f? 



n 



long 





3 



6 



3 



ditto 3 



ditto 3 „ 6 „ 



ditto 3 „ 6 „ 



;> 



i> 



gutta i '. ir 

 cast iron ^ 1- 



or 



flanged pipe, J*J 

 y as required. }* »» 



short, with 15 feet of Lend Ppe 

 attached, and Bolts and *^,- f 



•ready for fixing •£•• 



21 in. long — Aiiin dltttl 



ditto ditto 



etty. 



\S*heat : D X. Mix the two loads of fowl*' A**...—!*. 

 quantitv of earth, and apply the .^^ r ^i wZ? 

 U will not be too much. Do U , lf , tnJdurinTwet S^ 



V As usual, many communications have been receive ^ i 7 

 an^ot reunav bly< ined till t ; n/ Cf «hWS 



can be made. We must also be- for thr i„,i«? } ' nn0H 

 numerous corresponds i, SSe i2»f o wh \ t]w 

 contribiitU)^ is still delayed. " ° f Mrhose in teresting 



The short barrel Pump is v ^Jj 

 for fixing in situations ot IlmitedJ 

 space, for the supply of coppers . r 

 Vvash-houFes with soft v*™^ 

 ground tanks, or in Hot ForcinM^ 

 Houses; they may be fixed, *nen 

 under the stage. ^^ f 



« May be obtained of any Ir 



Plumber in Town or Country, at the above pn m - 

 Patentees and Manufacturers, JOHN WA*^ 

 8, Crescent, Jewin Street, London. r {er ^^JJ 



Every description of Machinery for k alsin & Vireaa^ 11 * 

 of AVheels, Rams, Deep Well Pumps, Ac; alho . r ir» 

 Engines. &c. &c— Engravings sent on appl" _^ 



p LA YTON. SHUTTLEWORTH^nb CO 



^J PORTABLE STEAM ENGIN^ . ^ ■ £ r» 

 THRESHING, STRAW SHAKING, ™ D £Y:Ja*V*£ 

 NOW1NG MACHINE may be eeen at tlieir ju _ .^^m 



ment, 6, Fitzroy Terrace, New Read, w ^!^ areC o««K 

 relative thereto can be obtained. These Macmnw ^ 



the pulse. 'I hey arc iitted with p^l^uZ^m &1 

 ftrain into bags, and beyond the ^ a8 thresh^, «^2 

 hands except to take away the Corn &c., a_ ^^m 



the rperations being performed by ^ del i*it** 

 whereby the Corn, Straw, Chaff, and Pulse aic ^ 



places assigned for them. ,. t \]\\s d 



Q. S. & CO. have paid special attention t^ ^ 



Machinery, and Fixed Barn Macb ! ne 1 7 f he leadi 



m 



to ToriTlVariey^ and make" a perfect separation of t 





they have taken at the Royal and all the 



England, flatter themselves tna 

 hility, and simplicity, their Engines ana 



hows of England, flatter 



themselves ^ ^gcbi-fjj f 

 Diiny, ana simplicity, mt-ir Engines a * ^ 



irpassed by any other maker m ™£* mTa e6\*t* $ S0> 

 warded to the Works at Lincoln will have W ^ ^Vr 

 and Illustrated Catalogues forwarded to au v 



of « 



postage free. 



ecbi**25 

 Park Street, SouthwarK,^ 



STEPHENSON and PEILL, Mfi"£. 



O London, and 17, New Park Street, Sorn^ ^ t 

 of Copper Cylindrical and Improved oi nW 

 and Conservatory and Hothouse bull {;«y b „irf,C # 



Iron, respectfully call the attention or u"» n :0 i oe 

 Nursarymen to tl r »iwP^. bute ^, ot vrateT. f ^ 



U ultural and other Buildings by «J l exeCU te d, J*» 





From the extensive works they 

 the highest respectability can be &™ ' 

 furnished on application. 



;»d ft» 



