THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



destroy no weeds that would not be as 

 tually destroyed if dragged Is the to] 



ny 



f 



f 



mote and encourage the growui 01 u. 



brought to the top, would have dried up and withered 



by the frosts of winter or the sunbeams of summer, if 



we did not choose to take the trouble of raking them off. 



It is also true that in turning the sod we expose a fresh 



surface to atmospheric action, but is atmospheric action 



limited to the surface!— will it not equally prevail, and be 



as powerful in every part of the soil which is opened to 



its influence! Will it not follow the tines of the 



grubber? Is it even known to what depth it will 



penetrate ? It is probable it does to some extent into 



the subsoil ; it certainly does into unstirred ground, or 



!an4s exhausted by tillage could not recover fertility by 



U*iag left unstirred in Grass. If this is true surely the 



turning of the land is unnecessary and its cost would 



be much more profitably expended in such operations as 



would go -deeper, and more frequently might be applied 



from their inexpensiveness. Would not a share and 



coulter with two grubbing tinea in lieu of the sole, by 



the application of the same force that is now used in 



ordinary ploughing go much deeper, while there would 



1)0 no pressure on the under soil, which, indeed, would 



•be left as loose as after the spade. /. M. Good Iff. 



Drainage.- If " Leisurely " has been an attentive 

 reader of the Agricultural Gazette since 1853, he will 

 remember seeing in its columns the writer's method of 

 drying a field in every respect analogous to the one he 

 describes. The plan adopted was boring holes from 

 bottoms of the parallel drains into the stratum of gravel 

 every 20 yards or so the whole length of the drain. 

 Down these holes 1-inch pipes were put into the gravel ; 

 the water rose and was carried away by the pipes in the 

 drains. In the above case the drains were 3i feet deep, 

 30 feet apart, and had only 3 inches of fall in every 

 100 feet. The making of the holes and putting in oi the 

 pipes do not cost £</. per hole, and one year's trial 

 leaves no doubt as to the efficiency of the work. J. R. 



from another correspondent we have received the 



following : — Your correspondent " Leisurely " describes 



rushy pasture which, with a total fall of 5£ feet, he 

 tias commenced to drain at only 30 inches deep. Why 

 not make use of the total fall \ At the lower end of the 

 field where the brook leaves his boundary, it would give 

 to a main drain havinor its outlet there a denth of fi & feet. 



and classes again formed, after, no doubt, immense 

 confusion, fighting, and squabbling— the loss of enormous 

 wealth and reputation as a country in the great family 

 of nations during the halcyon days of equality. The 

 stronger the bond of union between master and man, 

 the longer will this country continue to flourish ; but 

 it must be on fair grounds, not starving the labourer 

 on the scantiest wages, and casting him off on the 



deal with him honestly, and with a 



slightest pretext 



generous hand, recollecting he is a man. 1 here will 

 then be some prospect of the farm-servant being raised 

 from the degraded position he now occupies— vegetating 



— not living. Falcon. 



Ayrshire Cows.— In reply to " ClericuVs" inquiry, I 

 beg to say I would recommend him to apply direct to 

 some breeder in Ayrshire for his cows, and if at all con- 

 venient to him, to go over and make his own selection ; 

 his advantage would then be two-fold, viz , a certainty 

 of getting pure bred animals, and, secondly, making his 

 own bargain on the spot. If your correspondent will 

 drop a line to either of the following gentlemen, viz., 

 Mr. Robert Kirkwood, of Highlongmuirs, Kilmaurs, or 

 Mr. George Cowan, Wheating, Kilmaurs, both near 

 Kilmarnock, I doubt not he will get supplied with what 

 he requires by either one or both of them, or if not they 

 will refer him to some of their friends who can do so. 

 The first named gentleman was a successful competitor 

 at the Highland Society's show last year at Berwick 

 with this breed of cattle, carrying off several prizes ; 

 and I am sure if your correspondent pays them a visit — 

 as I and a friend did last autumn — he will be pleased 

 with their stock, and I think not less so with the kind 

 reception he will meet with. /. L., Zofthottse, March 5. 



Duchess Cow. — I consider Mr. Wood's information 

 on the Duchess family of short-horns of rather slender 

 description, inasmuch as though Mr. Bates " loved his 

 cattle for their own sake and not for the money he might 

 happen to make of them," yet I have heard through 

 se\eral breeders that the Duchess tribe of short- 

 horns were never first prize-takers at the national 

 shows, on account of slight deficiency in thighs and fore- 

 quarters. That Mr. Bates was fond of them for some 

 of their points is proved by in and in breeding for the 

 purpose of further developing those favourite points; 

 and if Mr. Wood would be kind enough to explain more 

 — r * , fully why he considers that no man of our day has pos- 



sufficientfor any purpose, even supposing the field was of sessed such a herd as the late Mr. Bates's, he would be 



such a length as to make it necessary that the depth at * " ' " 



the commencement of the main should be only 30 inches ' s 



why the whole field should be drained at this depth I 



cannot exactly eooeeive. If the gravel is springy from 



upland sources, tapping it, as you recommend, of course 



would remove it ; but would it do so in all cases with 



M the bottoms of the brooks in the district " on the same 



or perhaps higher levels^ and on the same bed of gravel, 



to feed these drains! In such a case a syphon 



would be a more correct name for such than a faun, I 



opine. Agrkola. 



Peas. — It majr be useful to some of your readers to 

 know that common white boiling Peas sown at this time 

 in any field prepared for Oats on one ploughing and 

 harrowing in, in fact treated precisely as Oats are, will 



Jtt.mA *«« *., t »._ r *.i * \ \ • * • i « 



the miller does not like fa, , „ uu uecause o» ^ 

 / do not like it, and because a new system r *** 

 Wheat cannot fairly be tested in comparfL! ^ 

 old but bv the erowth r* " - l SOn * ,,w ^ 



therefor 



seed. I 

 S re *, iDd 



use for seed a mixed Wheat which, deserved?* 

 think, is in great favour with mnnv i»!ai . . v> 



thin 

 bei 



Bristol red, the former for sample and tlfJT? ** 

 bulk. S. Smith, Lois Weedon, March 10. W * 1 



Societies 



ROYAL AGRICULTURAL OF ENGLAND 



Weekly Council, March 14.— Sir Robert p. 

 Bart., M.P., in the chair. *■* 



Communications and Presents.— Mr. George Sfe. 



bury complained of the annoyance to which the bnSm 

 of choice and valuable stock were subjected WiJ 

 "trespass of neighbours' bulls " when turned outkl 

 adjoining pastures. Mr. Towers stated hia opiniotT 

 the application of steam power to the cultiutiatf 

 land, adopting the views of Mr, Wren Hoskynacnfc 

 subject. Captain Kellermann's paper on theng&y 

 properties of the leaves of the Black Currant wu *, 

 ceived through the Foreign Office from Lord Cowley a 

 Paris. Mr. John Howe suggested the destruction 

 rats by means of fumigation, on the principle adopted k 

 Mr. Browne in his well-known apparatus for fumigm 

 fruit and other trees. Mr. Bethell exhibited spec 

 in a moist as well as dry state, of roots reduced to i 

 pulp by machinery. The East India Company 

 mitted a further supply of Pine seeds, from the Hint 

 lay an and other districts of India. The Royal Hi* 

 verian Agricultural Society presented a copy of ther 

 Transactions, for which the Council ordered the J 

 of the Society to be forwarded in return, hi, 

 Wilson transmitted a collection of Illustrated Ioplh 

 ment-Catalogues, from America. 



The Council having ordered their usual acknowkfc 

 ments for these communications and presents, adjooni 

 over Wednesday, the 21st insi, to their weekly mectaj 

 on the 28th of March. 



conferring a great benefit on breeders this side of the 

 channel, many of whom have early known the Duchess 

 tribe of short-horns by the pedigree in the "Herd-book," 

 which proves that up to the year 1851, 64 have been 

 registered in the female line, of which there is no account 

 of 28 of them to have bred at all. The remaining 36 

 are registered to have 1 1 live calves, being on an 

 average of 3 each cow, and 2 calves over. This appears 

 to be a very small proportion of progeny for 43 years' 

 breeding ; and whether in and in breeding is the cause 

 of it, or whether obviating against consanguinity would 

 insure a larger propagation, and whether Norfolk 

 (2377) and Usurer (9763) blood have not caused an 

 improvement in constitution, I will thank Mr. Wood to 

 explain. John Bait/, Charhville, Unniskerry, Ireland. 



Scottish Agricultural Statistics.— From the returns of 

 Scottish agricultural statistics, given in the Agri. Gazette 



^.i .i »- ^ o» - — # of the 10th February, it would appear that the estimate 



Sfif e ,* tr T * g0<Kl gn T Pea f° Up ' form ' ,n g a Tef y had been ™y gen««Hy given in Scotch acres ihfch 

 rLTa\ Hff ary . C !° P t0 ? e g ^ e ? f ° rCCS - As the y would both a <*ou„t fo/tfie great deficient appear 2 

 7TJ? Lf^*5L*? r 11 '?* f ? r **. !*•** in the whole extent of the country (near? 7% 0o§ 



&elneto$ 



■* 



The Agricidtural 

 ton. Blackie 



Cyclopedia. 



& Son, Glasgow, 



Edited by John C. Mar- 

 Edinburgh, ul 



ktonably for the tab 



Lguat, and if not quit . 



garden kinds, are very excellent eating, at any rate 



A third of an acre would supply a family of 20, and 

 thote not picked green may be left to ripen for the t 

 till harvest time. Crede Experto. 



Labourers and Masters.— In advocating .h* cause 



of acres), and also for the high acreaWe averages stated 

 More than 34 quarters of Wheat, 4£ of Barley, the same 

 of Oats, 3£ of Beans, and upwards of 15 tons of Turnips 



London. 

 It will be allowed us to intimate the completion of thaa 

 work. It has appeared in 28 parts, and is now publaW 

 in two large volumes. Among the 60 or 70 who tai 

 contributed to its pages are Dr. Lindley, Mr. BenW 

 and the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, who have wnttetfti 

 botanical articles ; Dr. Lyon Playfair, Mr. Way, m 

 Dr. Voelcker, who have contributed its chemistry ; 

 Messrs. Trimmer and Morton, well-known writers « 

 the geology of agriculture ; Mr. Curtis, who has vntt 

 all the entomological articles, and Professor Buck** 

 who has written several articles on natural history. 



Among those who have written papers on son*£ 

 the more general aspects of agriculture are » 

 Hoskyns and Mr. Pusey. Articles on 

 crops are written by cultivators of them ; the a 

 cultural portion of the work has been written by Ji 

 Grigor of Forres and of Norwich ; agricultural » 



the editor; agncog 

 *j p "ivr^wlftTids. doWv 



the sefffll 



the arbflTH 



a*. 



ments are 



engineering is 



described by 

 treated by 



Bravender, a» d * 



ment discussed by well-known breeders; 



and )b. 



tr- 



ance of the bone and sinew of the poor. 



peasant 



away without being backed up by the wealth of the 

 aeronaut, agriculturist, and manufacturer. We are 

 all equal in the sight of God; each will receive his 

 reward hereafter according to the use he has made of 

 the talent intrusted to his care. 



— F «v KU . m uiay aiso oe remarked, as showing the 

 excellence of the farming, how nearly the figures re- 

 latmg to the arable country represent a five-course rota- 

 lon (one of the best) • - - 



among the contributors. The volumes are 

 1 illustrated by wood-cuts and eDgravings. 



the fallow and fallow or amelio- 



SS, T: ? ean8 ' f Tv? urnip8 ' Potatoe8 > MaD g« ld > 



minates in this world. In the distribution Sfri3ie7*a acreTS iS'Jn ^^V™™"^ to 666,380 

 greater proportion may seen, to fall to the lot o men ; crops Wheat Barlev' oil ' T™^ '^ 1 the CorQ 

 whose circumstances are already indenendant. and «!,„ i m^u.!^' ?? 8 « Bere ' _ B J e » and Flax to 



There equality ter- 



Miscellaneous 



-A trial in 



What is a Bargain ?-A trial in the S»< J'jJJ 

 County Court the other day has given occas 

 decision on this subject by Judge Gale. ^-ma* 



hfths. JV. nvnl; rTu„ « *_. . a " _. — , ^ „ . ,. Pococ k stated the case . "'l^ n. 



the 17th of October }*%%%*£ 



t*. 



from business and enjoy (if there can be en^ymen n ^iJC^oSL^** " ^ ^ nJ « w,B *3 

 idleness) the fruits of his speculations. He has a right entail S u g u ^ ° f J " correspond- 

 to do so, but what would bS the immediate consequence tol^.^S^^iT^ W^ D °Z Cnab,ed 

 to those who envy him his daily profits. The of sS K,H ' ♦ I' ^ '*' be , cause the object 

 sudden stoppage of the ponderous steam-en<Hne bu fl to mm ' S8 ° ' mp0rtant to the farmer that it is 



would throw a vast amount of labour on the market, new sort brought ta w Z?* ^L" 1 es P erim «t of a J» would let him know in a day or two, anu .^j, 



and caose much misery amonest the workoeonle ? ft I„ • 8 *? « 8 n0Uce - The question referred &!? went 



of weigh 65 lbs. a bushel. He bought the ™*** rm &j t *J 



custom or farmers selling, ne snoum ucu-— ^ (j tt m*»-j 



moderate distance the buyer might desire. ' t urtf £ 

 iio «r~.,i.i .«* r.:~ * *~ « A av «f two. and weu^ , jw 



growing 



£ 



the pr 



Unfair 



Th. .wlJl'SS. ^.:J«" ••»* tl»? become rich. ,he 4-cre pie™ .„ IS ° a „ ?\Z \l ^^ hom 



and sold it on Wednesday (next day), 



ited * e 



10& 



to he delivered, hut Mr. Harris reiusea w y ^ q$* 

 as a reason that the markets were going u* ^ 1|rer 



^^A!??*"*"**** 



high and low 



property ^ WM , V . , 

 how long would it last ! 



made amongst 



(Of fools) would continue' long erZh for^T 1 ^ 

 energy, under whatever garb itmlfl 1^'^ 

 of sloth and indolence, when a bafi^woSd'CSS 



well ; 

 thou 



.n A ac«„ o.-SS.'3-a.-ar, K*2 Si 



fanner 



and miller at Woodmill. " On Friday hejrRn ^ 



r; 

 iiavmg sold tne Wheat, ana Demg «.*«—_ id .^i. -l^ 

 compromise with the buyer in consequence^ , aii * . q t he^4 

 Mr. Pocock concluded by saying that bl, f'" dU tedorr,^ 

 would be at an end if bargains could be repu i fof & 



in any such way. The loss between tne price » ^ ^ 

 at which the Wheat arrived he should show v> 



After evidence had been given, 



lid 00? 



be 



* 



Mr. Leigh, for the defendant, said the V™ 1 "^ h*r4\f£p 



tained, for under the statute 

 his honour, no contract wt 

 amounted to 10*3. and unwan 



where tw ; ^ 





