246 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



[Apkil 14 



and Oxford 16th, then a three months calf, was 

 bought for 180 guineas. The sixth Duke of Oxford — 

 just a yearling — is from the first of these cows ; the 

 other bull is from Oxford 6th, a cow bought by Mr. 

 Tanqceray, at Tort worth, for 200 guineas. Besides 

 these there are animals with many crosses of 

 the Duchess blood in them which will doubtless 

 fetch very high prices. Seventy-seven cows and 

 heifers and 23 bulls and bull calves will be offered 

 for sale on April 24th, and American and French 

 will bid against English breeders for their possession. 

 The reputation of Mr. Bates, of Lord DucrE, and 

 of many other breeders, as well as that of Mr. 

 Tanqueray, will be maintained by the result It 

 is very much to be regretted on national grounds 

 that a gentleman who has at such a cost of time and 

 means done much to improve and encourage the 

 breeding of short-horns, should thus have deter- 

 mined to abandon the pursuit. 



valuation, the Townland (the smallest denomina- 

 tion of land possessing permanent boundaries; being 



made the unit of valuation. 



The second valuation was upon an estimate of 

 the net annual rent which each tenement might be 

 reasonably expected to bring, all rates, insurances. 



sheep should be turned twm ^ 



flock ih^ 



occasion, to the doctor." Or thus « it ? ^^ 

 that 20 typhus patients should be hilwL 18 .^ 



. , 1UUSW ai »ongst the 

 that one sound animal should be subm" 



be billeted 

 town than that one person, free from the rii 0Xi ^ 



be sent to the hospital." Or, nce a»ain ^ ***! 



.-_ , „ r , „ t . . . , . is better that '20 dangerous lunatics should k 1 * 



repairs, and public charges (except tithe-rent charge) j large thaD that one man of 80Und mind .™a be *t at 



being paid by the tenant. At that period the value treatment for insanity." oum undergo 



of agricultural produce was as follows 



Schedule of Prices adopted under the Tenement Valuation, 15 4 16 



Vict., c. 63, with Supplement of 17 Vict., c. S. 



Per cwt. of 112 lbs. 





o 



Mr. Lock has recently published an appendix to 

 the fourth edition of his excellent work "Ireland's 

 Recovery," that supplies a want generally ex- 

 perienced in making investments in the purchase 

 of Irish estates. The mode of valuing land 

 is methodically managed in England, and the 

 condition of it when about to be transferred 

 from one proprietor to another is easily ascertain- 

 able. Our area comparatively with that of Ireland 

 is divided into larger farms, held on shorter leases, 



5* 



■ 





3 







s. d. 



7 6 





s. d. 

 4 10 



s. d.\ s. d. 

 5 6 ,65 4 



s. « 



s. d. 



I 



35 6 41 



u 



z 



s. d. 



5 



E 



S. ' 



eS 





If the * treatment ' be, in each 

 and antiquated — Yes! 



No ! 



n;i ting 



take 



used 



or 



i 



32 49 



Not in- 

 (eluded in 



Schedule 



their rents, and are prepared to surrender their farms 

 at the expiration of their leases, if either party 

 wishes to sever the connection ; and if the tenant 

 does not faithfully observe the covenants under ! 

 which he binds himself, the law affords an easy 

 remedy to the injured landlord. There are also 

 many smaller holdings under yearly tenancy, in 

 which cases six months' notice on either side is 

 sufficient to conclude the temporary agreement, and 

 in many instances without liability on the part of the 

 landlord to allow compensation for any improve- 

 ments made by the tenant ; but though legally there 

 may be no obligation on the English landlord in the 

 latter case to make any compensation, it is the 

 custom in some portions of the midland counties 

 to do so, under peculiar circumstances. These 



Then came the last acts, with a new reference 

 standard of prices, from which schedule Potatoes 

 are omitted, and Flax included, the valuations pre- 

 viously made remaining fixed until they shall be 

 revised under the act, so as to present one uniform 

 cale of value.* It appears two of the provinces, 

 with the exception of the counties of Longford and 

 Clare, are under the latter (or Tenement) valuation ; 

 the other parts are under the Ordnance valuation. 

 When the Tenement valuation, that is of "the rate- 

 able hereditament under the provisions of the Poor 



and occupied by tenants who more punctually pay Law" shall be completed, the valuation of each Poor 



instances are locally understood by the valuators, 

 and rarely produce any difficulty whatever. 



If a proprietor of land wishes to sell it, and has a 

 right to do so, no difficulties arise from the circum- 



Law union, &c, is to continue fixed for 14 years, 

 when a revision may be ordered by the authorities. 

 A British intending purchaser of Irish land pro- 

 perty must find it an advantage to be informed of 

 those details. Nor will he think it superfluous in- 

 formation that the county cess is paid by the occu- 

 pier or tenant, who is also liable to half the poor 

 rates : and though the other moiety is chargeable to 

 the landlord, with the whole of the tithe-rent charge, 

 (which however does not exceed lid. in the 1/. on 

 the net rental of the country) " the amount of 

 Poor Law taxation now happily diminishing through- 

 out Ireland will not be a serious discouragement 

 when it is considered that the very circumstance of 

 an independent and employing capitalist becoming 

 the proprietor of a hitherto insolvent estate must 



necessarily result in the reduction of local taxation." 

 Then it must be borne in mind that land in Ireland 

 is valued lower in comparison with its productive 

 capabilities than land in England, the superior 

 stances of the occupying tenants ; and the principle farming of the latter causing the average produce per 

 of valuing the property is simple, and, we believe, acre to exceed our returns by about one-third, 

 nearly uniform in England. One or more profes- From this it is easily aporehended how agricultural 

 sional land surveyors are-employed to examine into ! drill applied to Irish land will yield the purchaser 



the details of each faim, with its labourers' n " ; " J x -— — l - - ■ * 



cottages, &c. 



A map of reference is before them 

 (where a tithe or parochial map exists this is the 

 guide), with each field, coppice, &c, specified and 

 numbered upon it. The valuator criticises the 

 qualities of the soil and subsoil, and notes 

 the acreable value. The timber is perhaps valued 

 in detail, or not unfrequently a certain sum is 

 demanded for it in the gross. The condition of the 

 farm houses, the repairs to be executed, the de- 

 ficiencies to be supplied, the dr nage 



case, cruel, \^ m 



If enlightened and fiJS 



Bttause, a few days would end t& 



and meantime no suffering would b f 1 



supposed < patient,' because none would be requi^ a* 8 



practiced. 4 ea 



When shall our Gaols have their * Quetelet ' < W i 

 and 'Conolljri' When will the 'Puni^^F 

 maral'iummty follow the drum that has beaten th 

 retreat of the straight- waistcoat and the scourge f 

 the abodes where infirmity of intellect is sad enoueh 

 but a good deal milder and safer without them. 



The truth i?, that in our dealing with the criminal * 

 cannot, and we do not, get our own minds clear rid f 

 the idea of vengeance. Alas, for poor human nature r 

 you shaD see it start, now, at the very shadow of [i 

 word, bat the substance is there still, barbed like a fish 

 hook, rooted deep and firm ; hidden away from tdi 

 most carefully and most tenaciously. In vain we 

 try metaphysical conclusions with the young I^. 

 ranee standing impersonate before us, tellina y^ 

 we ' punish' him for his own good. The obedient air 

 conveys the sounding paradox to his outer ear: 'the 



voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands \ y as Mr 



Bumble bears him away, roughly, though unresisting. 

 Did you ever chance to notice, after some kind and 

 gentle- voiced magistrate or judge had almost called 

 up the forgotten tear of sorrow and penitence to tie 

 face of conscious guilt, how, the very instant the list 

 syllable, hung npon by a solemn and silent assembly 

 has dropped from his lips — how Mr. Bumble, with his 

 "Come along!" and a thove and a pull to correspond, 

 dislocates the whole fabric in the twinkling of an 

 eye-lash I Mr. Bumble is your true i practical mam* 

 He has been listening all the' while with imps- 

 tience withheld only by * respect for the Court/ or 

 magistrate, (whose * hignorance o* the natur* o'them 

 young varmints ' he unfeignedly pities in his secret 

 soul) till A w turn comes. And then! the voice and 

 hand of vulgar authority compelling, back to the precious 

 acquaintance which prison has 'introduced' him to, 

 goes the little culprit, a new soul waiting upon the 

 Stygian shore beyond which lies the land of Universal- 

 chine-specific, u Three months' 1 1 ard- Labor," "Six 

 months' Hard- Labor," " Twelve months' HiRD-Labor." 



Talk of quackery and Morrison's Pills ! Why this 

 beats anything that the most stolid empiricism e?ff 



dreamt of. For, look you, Justice Morrison, 

 you do not understand the moral pharmacopeia yon 

 pretend to dispense from ! This Pill of yours which you 

 prescribe as a 'hard' and bitter drui: is, all th* while, 



Teach him but to believe 



dared or dreamt of. 



an increased per-centage on his investment, or, in 



other words, reduce the number of years purchase ! }" oup P^nt'a proper /W / _ 



as estimated on the increased productive value under I that not '™ ' 1,ard ' f 8 he ^PP 066 * i ^ that but /* 



imnrrv»^ „.,u T*. :» ^i_ __._•__.. , r* , . , . Isantinhis eyes — show him that when the ground im 



improved culture. It is pleasing to find that even 



the Peat moors in the west of „ 



hitherto have been classed under the head oi waste 

 land— to a great extent, too— Are found to be giving 

 larger comparative returns for draining, &c, than 

 the richer soils. The Scotch sheep farmers have 

 found this out ; their hardy Irish sheep are quite at 

 home, or perhaps better than they would be in their 

 native highlands, on the green pasturage to be found 

 on the shallow Iri^h bogs. 



YOUTH. — CRIME. 



„ necessary, 

 are of course estimated also by the valuer, who takes 

 into consideration the amount of land-tax or other 

 charges payable by the landlord, and the probable 

 amount of tithes, poor taxes, and parochial rates 

 chargeable to the tenants. From such data he 

 ascertains the just acreable value, referring to the 

 local prices of agricultural produce as a standard. 

 From his return the value is accurately fixed and 



the estate' changes ownership without difficulty, that one innocent man should be wrongfully convicted 

 and at the average rate of about SO years' purchase. Those who are old r>ngTuiiy convicted. 



PUNISHME N T. 



(TWO LETTEI .)-»<>. u. 



It is a favourite adage and one which appears to re- 

 flect no little of the free pirit of our Courts of Criminal 

 Law_that < It is better 20 guilty men should escape than 



T , , ..-., cursed for man's sake, that was the occult inherent ft* 

 u \ 'c _ i"£,the precious Hower entwined by m* TcifulOmmscience 



within the thorns and l-rambles that sprung from 

 man's first dia<d» dience— that The Hand which w& 

 both Man, aid Li nir, could mitigate, unite and recon- 

 cile the lot, till it should be inseparable from the htpp- 

 oets of the/ 71 am Mnner— that unlike earthly j»**j 

 the creative Hand co i withdraw the j^c-nalty wii*«b 

 altering the sentence: that from that same ( 1*®*? 

 which you have nowst-matised for ever in the cuipnr: 

 mind by an epithet as ugly as it is fake -springs*" 

 that makes man healthy, wealthy, »we f and hfppj r - * 

 that enrich. . instructs, and ennohl , all the differs 

 physical, intellectual, moral, that stands 



But 



t in Ireland the application of the English I * Matthewt at Home' may be able to recall ^he 

 principles alone » often msufficent to meet the stagecoach scene of a very talkative travelling lady 



Mr. Lock's practical the , headlong plausibility of whose discourse is doomed 



cases submitted to the valuer. 



and 



between* 

 tod 



Separates him the poor, i-norant, Prisoner, 

 the wealthy, learned, Judge! And this tao^ 

 rth—tii;* „,.i.l« i~- *!,«* i.nWk-R every aoor,w 



puttiag 



remarks on the subject are extremely interesting in a to be from time to thne tripped up by a gruff old gentle- 



statistic point of view and important in themselves. man in aD ™ orm °us throat-wrapper, which his mouth 



We &hall give them in an epitomised form, regretting on,y Sl j rnim,nt8 at the most provoking intervals, just to 



that our limits of space do not admit of them being ! Utter the words — 



transferred to our columns in ex'enso. To carry out the 



details of the Poor Law in Ireland the first valuations 



were made " by isolated individuals at different 



periods, without co-operation, or reference to any fixed 



schedule of prices." To attain something definite and 



mnfoim, Government valuations were made in the 



years 1830, 1846, and 1852. 



r, A ™ i- The first was called the 



Ordnance or lownland Valuation, and was based on 

 the then current prices of agricultural produce, viz. 



Schedule ef fit**, ^^^ vndffr ^ T 



*&< »w./l\c.84.-Percwt 



5 



* 



2 



O 



inland Valuation, 

 of 112 lbs. 





■- 



s & j. d.\ s. d 

 6 6 0:7 



-_ 





I 



I 



s 

 3 







X 



© 



« 



" That's amther wulgar herror ! * 



The indignation of the good lady's face as the rude 

 and repeated blows from this travelling sledge-hammer 

 eep smashing the best links in the chain of her mail- 

 coach oratory, is suggested by the bare thought »f a poiat- 

 blank contradiction of the afeove adage about innocent 

 and guilty men. But it may as well be spoken it at 

 once : it n an error and an error based upon an error 



Try it ,„ tins shape. "It is ^ b etter that rotten 



snf of ^i third ^^ Bb ° W8 the ^^ fc*7st the coil 



you 



of earth—this golden key that unlocks everj 



as far as in you by, have dissociated for ever trom 



hand and wi.l ! 'Blind leader, of the blind! 



bit r for sweet and sweet for bitter ! , ^ 



What said the immortal Howard this eighty J 

 ago ! " Make a man industrious, and you *ui ^ 

 him honest." This was his favourite apbonam. * 

 if anybody but Howard bad said this, who *jT*j, 

 would sver have dreamt of its having tbe ^ m f^^ 

 cation to the genus Homo that has its habitation ^ 

 wrong side of Prison walls? For, according * 

 popular doctrine, and practice of the cnnnDai^^ 

 9<>"n as the terra incognita induced in those ^^ 

 reached, all human motive and propeuiity 

 reversed ; the Tender now goes before tne _ <? u 



La bo 



ment 



Per cwt. of 112 lbs. 



— 



I 



s. d. 



8. d. 



• 0i33 t e 



*. d 



85 6 1 7 



Not in- 



e laded in 



eh^ lie 1 



U. , , , . r — ~ , • uv There is also a r:iM wm^the t Ytt - 



w aa intended to form a uniform and: , c a ,^ r ^ cert » ln t * ra whi ^ «SJ S*' r»w" * 



the producer, and the swettener , of ^ 

 hencef«rw»rd to be nnprodnetive « by . Ac . t no0 a* 

 ment,' ai,.l the decrees of pseudo-pt'litie«i< ^^ 

 Breakfast, dinner, and suppt r drop from U} e \ ^gs 

 have no more to do witb divuiel}'»PP 0,I,ie he «f 

 than with the passing clouds *f*"£ le #M* 

 landscape, or the starry f ;ment ot tne , g 5^ 



bequeathed by departed . arth to & e V Tl *{ (i ? e >'& 

 tnmaleye.-thonghalas ! without the ;" kDO g in 'dl«f 



night should give to night, 

 interpreting, is henceforward 



Everything* » 

 to go I* 



&*r. 



in<taid of »s being a man's »^* ^"jjjj^i"^ 



he ■wkllortrs his soap at washing time *« » " ^ Q^ 

 tion to i>i»rrhoea, and the comforts W m **l 

 Infirmary, or «wilWly seeks his ° wn ,*; ^tM B? 

 ntptnring 1 imself for life, to ' * nL " ° 





