THE GARDE 



ERS' CHRONICLE. 



(a, wider extent of surface, or that they are aged plants 

 ^fcare live & t,,eir time ' and > J iel ding to the uimvrsal law 

 2fert*fed life, are about to disappear for ever from this scene of 



Not being well satisfied with either of those theories, it 



to me that some approximation, at least, to the solution 



Jiiffoblem might be obtained by an ascertainment of the nature 

 ibJ relations o( each plant to the il on which it grows, &c. 

 Thi frit plant examined was Oxytropis campestris, a plant' rare 

 in Britain, and confined to a single isolated locality in Clova 

 Thff* it grows on a cliff facing the south in Glen Fiadh. The 

 f ii somewhat isolated from the surrounding rocks by two 

 pmodicnlar indentations running along the entire face of the 

 focka, which, as they are not the result of water, but of weather- 

 ing, would indicate some change in the structure or compo ion 



«f the rocks. This i^ at once confirmed by an examination of | WIin vast labour, all the publications and scattered 

 & rocks themselves; that on which the plant grows, and to j memoirs upon the science have been concisely reviewed 

 -Mch it^s n-ited^s ^m^ceous^schxst, e X tre m el y rielx irx xx,ie a , and brought into one focus. The * little vc 5 ume before 



us is, however, an annual of a different kind, its chief 

 object being to collect together notices of ail the new 



2f>3 



pottos ot £ooks. 



The Entomologist's Annual for 1855, comprising Notices 

 of the New British Insect* detected in 1854. Edited by 

 H. T. Staintou. 2d Edition. 12mo. 153 pages and 

 coloured title-page. Van Voorst. 



For more than 20 years past we have been indebted to 

 our indefatigable German friends, Burmeisrer,* Erich- 

 son, and Schaum, for an entomological annual, in which 

 with vast labour, all **«* ■—«:—*:- 1 .„.,_ I 



d t dark colour, and rapidly undergoing decomposition. The 

 immiiUtely surrounding rocks are of the same general charac- 

 ter ; but the mica is greatly less in proportion to the other mate- 

 rials, and lighter in colour.— The next plant was Lychnis alpina. 

 It grows on the summit of a hill, called Little Gilrannoch, at 

 about etfttl distances from Glens Isla and Dole. It seems limited 

 t> about bil/ an acre of surface. The rock is a tabular mass of 

 compound felspar, apparency capable of resisting decomposition 

 While in many plac. it is bare and flag-like, other portions of 

 itpMJenta singularly rough and irregular surface, as if the rocks 

 bid undergone fusion previous to expulsion, small portions of it 

 bsaring a distinct I bianco to similar specimens from the so- 

 called • vitrified forts; The relations of this plant to the rock on 

 which it grows are well seen, many of the specimens growing in 

 little crevices of the bare rock, where there is not the slightest 

 nitige of soil, ordinarily so called. The rock coextensive with 

 the limits of the plant is unvaried in character. Its relations to 

 those around could not be ascertained.— The Astragalus alpinua 

 crowns the summit of Cnrigfodal, a hill about 3000 feet in 

 height. To the east of Iiraemar we gathered specimens of this 

 elegant little plant, in two separate localities, at considerable 

 distances from each other, but the rocks on which both grew 

 wire the same, a very pure compact felspar, of which the entire 

 bill seems to be formed.— The Gentiana nivalis, found in Glen 

 Isla, was also examined as to its geological relations; but, from 

 the varying character of the rock and the difficulty of finding the 

 phn^so as to ascertain its exact limits, the examination was not 

 sattsfactory. A porphyritie granite, rich in felspar, associated 



< * ir!\ syeni aboundin S il1 hornblende, was the prevailing 

 roclc-TVith reference to the plants examined, two facts seem to 

 aire been ascertained: first, that each plant was limited in its 

 range to a rock of the same specific character; second, that, in 



JSTJ^uJ iwJ r °- nly ? ne in which tlje examination could 

 & >mpieted), the limits of the plants' distribution, and of the 



J^^flf 8111 ? 8Uc i l cbar *« ter » w ere identical. On the ascertain- 

 ■jwot these two facts, the writer would base the propriety of 



wChe???^ aS T U aS °. f the {1Uestion he has n ™ t0 «k, 

 and I desiraWe^ "^ mmUte examination is ™* justifiable 



i SS'W™ °{ so ™ ne " c ™iMous Trees, recently introduced 



r>y Mr. U . Murray, of San Francisco, by A. 



fato (kit count/ 



S"£ feJ 1° e ^! ti0 ," in *!** *«* 1-d been proceed 



species of insects as theyoccur in this country, although 

 the editor has added a lew pages of descriptions of a few 

 recently published entomological works. The present 

 being the first of, it is to be hoped, a continuous series 

 oi volumes, has been confined to the orders Lepidoptera 

 (by the editor), Hymeiioptera (by Mr. F. Smith), and 

 Coleoptera (by Mr. Janson). Instead, moreover, of 

 being restneted to the insects detected in 1854, the new 

 Lepidoptera discovered since 1835, New British Bees 

 since the publication of Kirby's Mouographia (1802), 

 New fossonal -Hymeiioptera since tbe publication of 

 Shuckard's Essay (1837), and new British Coleoptera 

 since the publication of Stephens' Manual (1839), are 

 included in the present volume. 



Thus we have 175 additional British species of Lepi- 

 doptera (exclusive of Tineidie and Crambidse), 58 new 

 Bees, and 227 new Coleoptera included in these lists 

 with references to their paces of capture and notices 

 ot their publication. In the Lepidopterous portion we 

 are surprised to find no reference to the late Mr Wing's 

 excellent figures, publi.-hed in the supplement to Wood's 

 Index; no fewer than 141 out of the 175 supplemental 

 Lepidoptera being carefully represented in that work 

 from a passage aho in p. 151, it is evident that the 

 editor is unacquainted with M. Marloy's "Observations 

 sur quelques chenilles de Satyres," published in the 

 "Annates" of the French Entomological Society for 1 838. 

 The work contains also an address to joung entomo- 

 logists, and instructions for collecting ;.nd preserving 

 Lepidoptera, with other general remarks by the editor 



establis ,1 and are covered with fio«<i tiudu, which, 

 when expanded, cannot fail to produce a triking effect. 

 The hngt E| naves bought at .Mrs. La«i. nee's sale and 

 elsewhere have also taken well in their new situa- 

 tions ; the*, promise t<> veld a fair crop of flowers, as 

 well as furnish themselves plentifully this rear with 

 young wood. The two noble Norfolk Wand Pines 

 (Araucana excels*), from Clutsworth, in the centre of 

 the building, are especially worthy of notice ; and those 

 presented by her Maj. ,ty are likewise in excellent 

 condition Ihe Bourbon and other Palms planted in 

 front of the Roman ( urt, the far. l,ke leaves of which 

 give to this cool part of the building quite an exotic 

 appearance, have also wintered safely, with .he exception, 

 perhaps, of Cerox)l»n Andkola, which has been nearly 

 killed, even where Cocos plumosa, and things usually 

 considered equally tender, have stood. The handsome 

 Khopala corcovadensis is unhurt, and Sparrmannia 

 afneana is now in flower, the latter emitting a by no 

 means disagreeable fragrance. 



All the tubs containing the large Orange trees have 

 been painted green, and the naming of the plants 

 throughout the_huih!ing with proper" labels has been 

 commenced. 



in the soil. 



with Bent ™W. « d Hpp , ear tbat this tree lias more »ffinUy 

 SflS»ur,t &?/, ° ther ^ cr * ed S P1"<* ? »nt the coZ 



8 ft" lmib ff on f ' while that of Beardsleyi is on^ 

 ^ireonl - 6?nZ: %■? ln « h «s m length, while in Biardsleyi 

 "> faAlMs t} n- I \ Tl, f ? heath of thel€af in Bonthamiana is 



•fin inch g Thpl-n n B f. ii' dsleyi U is short > bein ^ 0IlI y " eighth 

 ^.■i cfi ' .. The w L°g of the seed in Benthamiana is much lolger 



WWl ruMaInn»»7*"""I' il .; cuu,!1 " Ui!ln t,le sa P wood, and the sap 



"« ^ToneThTch ™ I h . 6 S , tem - The t,ee is of ^ eat bea «^ 

 "«« inch", i„ ii» JU ".* 5 0wn "ensured 123 feet in height, 



""■is 17 fret n n ,f r &t - the . stllm P- Mother tree next it 

 *"* The 4L w " C i' eS '""^mference, 3 feet from the 



in circumference, 3 feet from the , Lepidoptera Britannica ; 



address to young entomologists, will serve to show the 

 character of this portion of the work :— 



" To read the memoirs of Reaumur and De Geer it is 

 necessary to know French, and a facility in reading 

 Latin and German will also be found no mean advantage. 

 The entomologist, therefore, immediately finds a per- 

 sonal interest in prosecuting his studies of those 

 languages. Instead of saying, as many others might be 

 tempted to say—' Of what use will Latin be to me ? ' 

 he exclaims— c I shall then be able to read Haworth's 



; ' instead of despising French 

 ugh for girls,' he is anxious to 



•■"^•Bied 1\Ik m h . onour of A - F - Beardsley, Esq., who 

 ts* a ii .. : w .5"icn also has some refie.mhlpn™ + rt n.^*i,™:„— 



J »e base, f hf ^2il ♦ • e P° mtin S towards the tip instead 



f a «» e^ d ? ar t o? *r eak " i TlG a P°P h y sis or excrescence 

 lrai ?toathanfn P p ¥, ihc scaIe 1S much ™ore developed in 



^^Z^%!; Z hich has the ex P° sed Part P some n 

 tbelowpi- ie i, n . ^raigana .the upper part projects considerable 



•** the lowpr i!k Id 



iderably 



get on with it that he may have no difficulty in reading 

 Reaumur and De Geer. Now, though it be quite true 

 that these studies ought to be pursued in good earnest 

 from a sense of duty, yet when we can do so, it is surely 

 desirable to give the scholar a personal interest in the 

 steady prosecution of his studies. 



" The philological skill which is used in deciphering 

 some obscure passage in Xenophon or Thucydides may, 

 later in life, be of use in enabling an entomologist to 

 unravel some obscure description ; indeed, the classical 



1^-- uu Cr ana not so Ion? whiio \irju~\C ~"" IWO -V l \ xt t ^ un an tne & u tnors modes of expression. Individuals 

 ^2M?4>^^ rarely nse the same combination^ words to expret 



filler up than Si i one - fo i ,rth of » mile further down, exactly the same ideas, and an author's meaning is best 



^t^ s^t ^■sa-ff ss,":-^ s e e ^ d b ^ a ref — > not to a «-n^ f ** g t0 **. 



S*. whe h^^L?*® l^l- dedicated to Sir William Gibson- £„ „ . . L . . „ 



rrom all interested in the progress of British 

 natural history, the volume before us will be sure of a 

 welcome, and most especially so from those who have 

 experienced, as we have, the trouble of hunting up the 

 notices of newly recorded species, scattered here and 

 there in our various miscellaneous natural history pub- 

 lications. 



1 Wable fcmii'v "'I'v ' ^ in,rod »<"'°n and cultivation 

 ^ y«lli fd op •'■, A1, T H«*ertma.--TMa species U 

 fe*» Oi*go« CoS ^ a v nt / 0duce i h r Jeffr ey- a "d figured 

 2?, U ^ 'he fol low El ni "' *".* ^ ay be readi| y distinguished 

 2*»« beauty? ku i^m '' araCtfin 5 tICS - Both trees arc of ex- 

 ff«* la h e 4 t and wP'- "* 1S de ^ ribed b ^ Jeffrey as bein - 



J^ofH4eC fl w? o ng , 0Ve [ the rest ofthe forest: tl. 

 ?**lan» . J .r.'.? na , was _ only about 50 feet. ~ 



the 



The cones of 



f 



2*Wmtn.™f a^Jiw a,,:,rk br0wn «>»««r, while those o 

 gjoa Larch cone Tl i . a ^"' "j™**" * «>« hoe of our 

 g>» than vEL JSLg*^ °f P***«rf«na are at least ■ 



C*««<1, while .those If n er , lana ; tl,e F are dee P ] 7 a ««I tirmly 

 fePMtoni.na £2 ? er, «" ft are not "enulated. The 

 ^•'•tter it «T«„l° lte i dlftere "tly formed from Hookerian 



Z in,h ^r%? CeSt r ontract ' near the »«P. which U does 

 Whi.ji.lt- The seed and the wincrnf p n) ^„ ' v ' 



U^ ad r^e?»n» tainS ' ab0Ut lat 41° N., where the gronnd 

 ^^^^T^JH}l h J n ? w on the 16th of October. Cnpr his 



teT uq °n. it ifi! Z RS t ! ie handsonn tree seen 



?tbe!T,m,^ . ^ aS t0 "Hd On thP. hanVo nf a ct™ 



npre- is 

 in the whole 



*w 



Sprue 



— « oDnirP o^ ! a graceIu1, lhe branc »es spread 

 ^T ; th ^ t ?S ' a , nd ha "S ^wn at the tips like an ostrich 

 iZL* 1 ^ Wabl^ n roop like a D eodar. The timber is good, 

 B£V ^ sent h Jw?^ f s the same 



S?? 4 V thTorea" r 7 J ^ Tey > without a name * and d!s " 



S^ l ^th e centre n rl? W1 / h hard 8Cales » havi "- a projecting 



52iS f 4 cr eek, under t'^^^ WaS found &o* in 8 on the 

 •JtaS? iQ circnmfIL of one which was measured being 



*S^& •"Wlc ^ H fiV™/ . and Pendulous, and the wood 

 ^isj^, 58 «*d, and iL^ h l the stages for their bows. 



^^y WtK Jr^f H n % \ ,nder 8ide o { th « branches. 



e oerry f the Irish Yew. 



Garden Memoranda. 



Crystal Palace, Sydenham.— On Monday last every- 

 thing was being put in as complete a state as possible 

 for the reception of the distinguished personages who 

 were about to honour the building and gardens with 

 their presence. In the centre transept a dais was bchig 

 erected, which was to be profusely ornamented with plants 

 in flower, and the latter we understood were also to be 

 liberally introduced throughout the building. As regards 

 plants permanently turned out into the beds we have 



The tope of the labels employed are 

 made of wood— square, with the two Qpptr corners cut 

 off— and are faruit-hed with iron spikes for fixing them 



The name is written with white h ad on a 

 bright blue ground. The increased interest which thiswill 

 ?iye to the gardening jart of the decorations needs, we 

 think, no comment. 



The creepers on pillars have for the most part begun 

 to break Birongly, and in a week or two the large 

 Wistaria from Messrs. Loddiges will be in flower. 

 The baskets suspend I from the root have been top- 

 dressed, and the plants in them trimmed and put in 

 order for the season. 



Jn the aquariums, which are well stocked with water 

 plants, we remarked thriving examples of Victoria 

 regia. The vases round the water are well filled with 

 things in flower, and the small round basins, out of 

 which these vases with their pedestals rise, contain 

 beautiful collections of Hyacinths, early Tulips, and 

 other forced bulbs, which have been (and deservedly) 

 much admired. Early Tulips and a few Hyacinths are 

 also planted out in the beds, and serve to keep up a 

 considerable amount of gaiety at this season until other 

 plants come into flower. 



The more tender Palms, Orchids, and other plants in 

 the warm end of the budding have, on the whole, done 

 well. The Musas have suffered most ; these have lost 

 their leaves, hut they are now beginning to push new 

 ones. The Mangosteen has been tried here, but without 

 success. 



Out of doors the grounds may be said to be fast 

 approaching completion. The great centre walk has 

 been put into shape almost down to the boundary fence, 

 where it is to terminate in a kind of temple. Below the 

 lakes a row of Deodars has been planted on either side 

 of it. They measure from 8 to 10 f» t in height, and 

 stand some 40 feet apart The water towers for supply- 

 ing the fountains are nearly built ; one is quite ready 

 for the reservoir on the top, and the other is very nearly 

 in as forward a state. It is expected that the fountains 

 may be ready to play in June next. The water temples 

 have been completed, and are ready for colouring ; the 

 cascades leading from them to the great lakes in the 

 lower part of the grounds have been made, and the 

 lakes themselves are ready to reeeive the iron piping 

 for the fountains. On the rising ground beyond these 

 noble pieces of water are to be seats surrounded by 

 handsome stone balustrades. From these resting places, 

 overlooking as they do the lakes below, a front view of the 

 cascades, the water temples and the palace beyond them 

 will be obtained, as well as a sight of most of the more 

 prominent features of the park. The high ground 

 behind where the geological illustrations have been 

 placed, and indeed the whole of the lull face opposite 

 the lakes and inlands where the extinct animals are, 

 has been planted, and is traversed by walks, which 

 pass here and there over rustic steps, or wind among 

 scenery of a semi-wild character ; here a kind of 

 massing system has been followed, Lilacs, Rhododendrons, 

 Thorns, Arbutuses. Cotoneasters, Gorse, Heath, Broom, 

 &©., having been planted in distinct groups so as to give 

 breadth of effect, due regard being paid at the same 

 time to harmony of colour. Specimen Conifers and 

 other trees which are intended to form part of 

 the Arboretum have also been planted in places where 

 they will he seen to the best advantage. Passing still 

 further round towards the Anerley side an extensive 

 and extremely well managed root-work has been formed 

 on the little hill which hides the railway station from the 

 park. Here, in addition to Rhododendrons and other 

 flowering shrubs which have been planted among 

 the rough rustic lookii g roots, have been introduced 

 such plants as Squills, Primroses, Wood Anemones 

 Foxgloves, and things of that sort which are so beauti- 



to report tbat they have stood the winter uncommonly ! fal in ear,v s P rin &> aml which are naturally looked for 

 well. The only one apparently killed is a large Pimelea in situations of this kind. A large rock work is also in 

 decussata, near the entrance at the west end. One or course of formation on the other side of the park in the 

 two other things have also had their leaves a little hollow below Sir Joseph Pax ton's house ; and on a 

 browned; but altogether the injury sustained is rx- natural knoll a little further on, on the same side, a kind 

 tremely trifling. Acacias and Camellias have been of temple is to be built with glass roof and sides of 

 flowering freely until within these last few days, whose ^ °P en lattice *<"* suitable for training climbers on. 

 heat and brilliant sunshine have driven them very much ; This will form a companion to tbe Rose temple on the 

 out of blossom. The large Indian Azaleas that have opposite side, which has just received some additions in 

 been planted out seem to have become perfectly the sn »P e of rapid growing climbers, so as to give it a 

 "• The author of the Coleopterous portion of the work before~us temporary covering till the Roses g< t up a little, 

 does not seem (see p. lt2) to be aware that Bnrmeister originated *rom what has been stated above our readers will 

 these Berichts. i perceive that with the exception of Ailing the lakes and 



% 



