

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 



bad 

 cinch ip) 



s^Tquitehar^y *irioa! the last 20 | the ground 

 jured; p. revolutum (New Holland), 



i** 



r stl - V c ida vitifolia (Peru), killed. 

 . ^ ~!!c<iriaria myrtifolia (south of Europe) 



l"*^' Euonymus 



E. japonicus (Japan), in some 

 others very much injured. The 



Hamiltonianus (Nepal), 



B. 



.ood killed ; 

 killed, and in 

 variety has suffered equal y. _ 



Faliurus aculeatus (Aaia), young wood 



Jasminura revolutum (Nepal), 



m 



w 



5TSw. D u3 alaternus (south of Europe) some line 



m^ m ...■ j ««^ oil *hA varieties much injured 



Skilled, and all the yar.et.es 

 Chrtftll foliage, but not oth 



erwise injured 



ffihiidi (Chili), slightly injured; Ceano thus 

 22 (Mexico), fine large p an s which have stood 

 •i*re» * . ' , „„„: MC f W o! c killed to the around : 



fine large plants 



-an, trained against walls, killed to the ground ; 

 iftf ^Sg" wood killed; C papillosus (Mexico), 



killed to the ground ; C. americanus (New 



//Atoflr—Ifex aquifolium, common Holly, baa 

 wltM*^ 4 voun S shoots killed in some instances ; 

 rLwtrifolia, killed ; I. castaneaefolia, killed ; I. dipy- 

 mi (Nepal), very much injured, but not killed; I. 

 ktf'ii, leaves and youna: shoots injured. 



jfctfu~*> — A ristotelia Macqui (Chili), large plants 

 fUeh hare stood more tlian a quarter of a century 



Ubd to the ground. 



Ameardiacem. — Duvaua dependens (Chili), large 

 tats killed, though trained against a wall ; D. ovata 



i&ii), ^ry much hurt. 



yam/HMO .— Cytisus tomentosus, killed; Piptanthus 



Smlensis (Nepal), some plants killed, others much 



ed ; Ulex Europseus, common Furze, injured in 



Genista triquetra (Spain), young shoots 

 Hbd ; G. sphserocarpa and G. setnensis have both 

 *o*i uninjured; Edwardsia microphylla (New Zealand), 

 plants which have stood many years killed to the ground ; 

 £. grandifolia (New Zealand), killed to the ground 

 though trained against a wall ; E. Maciiabiana, very 

 much injured 

 J&kkjhz.— Cerasnslu si tallica, Portugal Laurel, injured 

 some cases; C. laurocerasus, common Laurel, injured 

 ibo ; Rosa : many of the hybrid Roses which were 

 Wded on hardy stocks have been killed, particularly 

 Awe which belonged to the tea and Chinese kinds. The 

 wmon Chinese species have had their wood killed to 

 tk ground. Fortune's 5-coloured Rose, from China, 

 fcako been killed to the ground. Rosa microphvlla. 

 W plants, trained against a wall, killed ; R. Banksia', 

 ■•plants, killed to the ground ; Crataegus crenulata 

 PW,mueh injured ; Photinia serrulata (China), fine 

 ■le plants, ten feet high, and nearly twice as much in 

 water, greatly injured, if not killed. 



/>teaj.-Decumaria sarmentosa (Virginia), 



-others much injured ; L.japonieuui(Japan) 

 scarcely injured ; Phillyrea media, some of the varieties 

 injured ; Olea Europcea, common Olive, injured, planted 

 against a wall ; O. excelsa, much injured, though pro- 

 tected by a wall 



J(X8)Yiina,c(CB. — uwiimium i^vuiuium mepan, very 

 much injured. 



Solanacece.— Solanum crispum (Chiloe), fine plants, 

 which have stood hardy during the last 10 yesrs, much' 

 injured ; S. jasminirlorum, trained against a wall, killed; 

 Grabowskia duplicata (South Brazil), slightly injured ; 

 Fabiana imbricata (Chili), fine plants, 5 feet high, killed 

 to the ground. 



Scrophnlariacece.— Buddlea globosa (South America), 



large plants, which havestood uninjured many years, killed 



to the ground ; B. Lindleyana, greatly injured though 



trained against a wall ; B. crispa (Nepal), very much 

 injured. 



Lauracete. — Lauras nobilis (Italy and Greece), fine 

 plants, from 10 to 15 feet high, and probably 30 years 

 old, killed to the ground. 



Thymdacecc.— Daphne pontica (Asia Minor), killed ; 

 D. Tartonraira, much injured ; D. oleoides, killed ; 

 D. gnidium, killed. 



Eleagnacece.- 

 Ant idcsmece. 

 injured. 



A rtocarpece.- 

 Uimacexe- 



Blseagnusreflexus, top shoots killed. 

 -Garrya elliptica (California), slightly 



-Borya ligustrina (Illinois), killed. 



Ulmus sempervirens, killed. 



Corylaccce. — Quercus virens (southern spates of 



America), killed to the ground ; Q. coccifera (Levant), 



much injured ; Q. pseudococcifera (Algiers), fine plants, 



much injured ; Q. Fontanel, slightly injured ; Q. suber, 



Benthamiana, P. muricata, P. insignis, P. Pinsapo, 



P. cephalonica, which is often hurt by late spring 



frosts, but otherwise very hardy; P. Montezumse, P. 



excelsa, P. osteo-perma, P. Nordmanniana, very tine ; 



P. Gerardiana, P. cembroides, P. Douglasi, where the 



soil is not much mixed with the debris of limestone ; 



Taxus japonica or Makoyi, Cephalotaxus pedunculata, 



C. Fortuni, Cupressus Larabertiana, very fine ; C. 



Tourneforti, C. Goveniana, C. torulosa, very fine ; 



Jumperu* excelsa, fine; J. recurvata, J. Chinensis, and 

 1. oxycedrus. 



Dr. Mackay said he, too, had losses to deplore, which ' 

 had occurred in the College garden. Plants which had 

 stood more than 30 years bad been either much injured 

 or killed this year ; but he specially regretted the loss 

 of a fine plant of Pinus macropbylla, which was nearly 

 6 feet high and beautifully furnished. 



■rty killed. 



Helix chryeooarpa (Nepal), very much 



-Ribes speciosum (California), greatly 



irini a ^ scai,onia ml>ra (Chili), killed as a 

 ■«, and muci! in j ulvd p | anted ftgainst a wa „ 



g' densi8 (*»«> America), a fine plant of this 



SI. T C ' e8, J Wh,ch had attftiued t0 a l>ei^t of ten 

 j£ Mtaiidard, killed to the ground ; E. Moribund*, 



wZ^Jir.ufT' much in J ured 5 E - Oregonensis, 

 Ki 1 ; h mac """«* (Chili), leaves, much 



faK™ o 00d d ° eS not a PP ear t0 be ki "ed- 

 ^S~ H / d ™g« altissima (Nepal), fine 



•533 .^J 8tood out 6even * ear8 ^"^ d »g«»«t 



^ ' ?. ther8 '"jured. 



^^-BeaUiamia fragifera (Nepal), fine plants 



^.-Lodcera discolor, L. flexuosa, and 

 • ffialf * 0n8lderabl y i»j»red ; Leycestcria 

 ^^nionl ' >( T g 8h00tS killed 5 Viburnum 

 •"Sl-leavtd ? ■'?' Vei *y much hurt, particularly 

 *»? o mueh 1 ''^ ; ^ b i ack ' 0r I'-ry-leaved! 

 "••fid lnjUfed ' V " suapensuin, killed 



^■^liurt^T hali ™ifolia (Florida), large 

 £*•«*** • Si . lva . frutes ^«« (Flonda killfd 



El ^n^to ff haS , been ex P erie "« d among 



fc thi *Uvenrnt| a | f 81 ? a,,yfeet in circu, »- 



£>* b« n kSStTJ I y 8t00d duri ' lR tlle last ;5 ° 

 2^.*Mch grol nl th f, gl : ound - Eve » the Irith 



l «fE cov 



k M ^)> Wiled to the ground ; E.XustralTs 



M 



C* dere it was uot 7 n " y m . the cou "ty Mayo, is 

 ft 1 •f Eurot^"! ,'°T ered r ith «now. Erica arborea 



ir, j 



kill^^ 



^^.ffi^T ; E ' " ,n »'t'riora (south of 



-^ ** much i?2 ri red Wlth sn ^' ! Arbutu 



j^-, ^ J««°. both in 

 ki^,* u <n as tiie la a T 



*°«b kill, 

 *»eu 



* 



*^ — M ahv,,,^; — " '" le aves and shoots— 



the Z^T' A A \ h >, brida . inured, but 



^ hnft ; g«5S S: "; i S rds of 2 ,° { T hi ^ 



iQ* - a I r ls P ,da t 'njured where not 



*u»^!&d*r 



Hi 



-/ »iiow ;(!„„. r "> J "j uleu wnere not 



ron8 = h bid " CC ' nea has suffered «q»ally. 



•J^kpart ^ ul Jf n u tieS have ' » Reneral, 

 ^ r f^tl ?™ y 4 >«* between R. arborea 



>*r; 



8'm.e of whwjj 



%^xoS Ured ' but »ot killed. 

 *^cted hv\ 0ft,C! , , , ale (south of Euron 



St 



are killed ; Azalea 



urope), injured, 



jSL^ lX (CarolIna >» *■*»**> tat 



" UlU tS^S um (China), one of the first 



h reached Europe, killed to 



cork tree, fine plants, much injured. 



Taxhuce — Taxus canadensis (Columbia River), much 

 injured ; T. japonica (Japan), quite safe, and very 

 hardy ; Taxodium sempervirens (California), upper 

 branches much injured ; Cephalotaxus drupacea 

 (Japan), not injured ; C. pedunculata (Japan), not 

 injured; C. Fortuni (north of China), safe ; Podocarpus 

 Totara (New Zealand), kdled. 



Ctniferw, — The plants in this order, which have been 

 either killed or much injured, may be considered tbe 

 greatest losses. Pinus Brunoniaua (Nepal), young 

 wood killed ; P. reiigiosa (Mexico), killed ; P. 

 Webbiana f Nepal), upper branches injured; P. 

 deodata (Nepal), foliage much browned in some 

 plants, others not injured in the slightest degree; 

 P. Ayacahuite (Mexico), fine plant, killed; P. 

 Lambertiana (Mexico), young plant killed ; P. mon- 

 ticola (Mexico), slightly injured ; P. Apulcensis 

 (Mexico), foliage injured only ; P. Devoniana (Mexico), 

 foliage injured ; P. Montezuma) (Mexico), very slightly 

 touched ; P. pseudostrobus (Mexico), slightly injured; 

 P. Russelliana (Mexico), foliage greatly injured ; 

 P. muricata (Mexico), slightly injured ; P. patul.i 

 (Mexico), foliage much injured ; P. llartwegi (Mexico), 

 one fine plant killed and another a good deal injured ; 

 P. palustris (North America), much injured ; P. jezoen- 

 sis (China), killed ; Araucaria imbricata (Andes), leaves 

 of some plants a good deal browned, others not injured. 

 Cupressinece. — Thuja pendula (China), young shoots 

 injured ; Libocedrus Chilensis (Chili), slightly injured 

 only ; Cupressus funebris (Chinese Tartary), one fine 

 plant killed, and another killed where not protected by 

 snow ; C. Goveniana (California), tops of branches 

 killed ; C. thurifera (Mexico), fine plants killed (?) ; 

 C. Coulteri (Mexico), one fine plant killed (1), and another 

 very much injured ; C. Uhdeana (Mexico), injured at 

 points of shoots ; C. elegans, or Mexicana (Mexico), 

 much injure 1 ; C. lusitanica (Cedar of Goa), some fine 

 plants kilhd, others much injured. 



Juniper in t( ; — Juniperus Bermudiana (Bermudas), 

 killed ; J. flaccida (Mexico), killed ; J. tetragona 

 (Mexico), much injured ; J. gossainthanea (Himalayas), 

 much injured ; J. Bedfordiana, much injured. 



Smilacece — Smilax maculata (Nepal), injured, though 

 planted against a wad ; S. aspera (Asia Minor), much 

 injured ; S. sarsaparilla (America), injured ; S. latifolia 

 (New Holland), injured, but not killed. 



Liliacece. — Ruscus racemosus (Portugal), brandies 

 injured. 



Asphodelew — Phormium tenax (New Zealand Flax), 

 much injured, but not killed. 



Gramrxtf . — Gynerium argenteum (Pampas Grass), 

 foliage killed, as we 1 as some of the plants, and all the 

 others very much injured. 



In addition to the foregoing, many fine specimens of 

 New Holland Acacias, and other plants from the 

 southern hemisphere, which had stool out several 

 years, trained against wails, with only slight protection, 

 have all been killed to the ground, including the blue 

 passion-flower (Passifiora caerulea), besides many small 

 rare plants which were growing in the narrow borders 

 fronting the conservatories, have also been killed or 

 much injured. 



This long list of casualties will at once show that the 

 commonly received doctrine of plants becoming accli- 

 mate d rests on a very unstable foundation. The indi- 

 vidual plauts which are first imported never become 

 hardier, but rather the reverse \ but seedlings obtained 

 from them may and do so. 



The extreme cold has, however, had its advantages by 

 showing us the plants which are really hare an 

 never likely to be injured in Ireland. I shall, there- 

 fore state the names of a few, which may be i< ntd 

 valuable, and well worthy of being planted where rare 

 ornamental trees are desirable, viz.:-— 



Pinus nobilis, P. ponder* sa, P. Sabiniana, P. Coulteri, 

 P. californica, which closely resembles C. Coulteri ; p 



P. 



\ Messrs. Weeks replied to this by doubting the 

 itness of Sir YV iiliam Hooker's statement ; they 

 ot then, however, give a downright denial of its 



CONSUMPTION OF FUEL IN HEATING THE 



KEW PALM-HOUSE. 



In your columns of 30ih December and 27th January 

 last, Mr. John Weeks and Co. advertised a boiler for 

 heating hot-houses, ami in order to convince the public 

 of its extraordinary heating power and economy in fuel 

 and labour, they gave a statement showing that if their 

 boilt rs wire to be employed for heating the Kew Palm- 

 house, an annual saving of \095L would be effected 

 upon fuel and labour connected therewith. In your 

 paper of the 10th February Sir William Hooker con- 

 tradicted the above statement, showing that the average 

 cost of fuel for the Palm house was not more than 300/. 

 a year 



eorrec 



did not then, however, give a downright denial of its 

 truth, but in a weekly periodical called the u Cottage 

 Gardener," for April 10th, there appeared an article on 

 the subject signed "John Weeks and Co.," which 

 concludes with the following paragraph : — " We would 

 observe that w r e are not at all surprised that mmy of 

 your readers, including ' W. X. W.,' should be 

 astonished at the very contradictory statements which 

 appeared in the * Cottage Gardener ' and other paters 

 from Sir William Hooker and the Messrs. Weeks, rela- 

 tive to the consumption of fuel to heat the Kew Palm- 

 house ; but as Sir William has chosen to observe a 

 strict silence on the subject since our reply to his first 

 statement, neither your readers nor ourselves have any 

 other alternative but to fall back on our own judgment ; 

 and as practical men of some 36 years 1 experience, we 

 have no doubt whatever that it is perfectly impossible 

 to work the 12 boilers now in use at the Kew Palm- 

 house and maintain a temperature of 60° for anything 

 like 300/. a-year ; and that, therefore, some great 

 mistake must have been made by those who gave in 

 such a report of the expenditure to Sir William Hooker.'* 

 From this it would appear that Messrs. Weeks expected 

 Sir W. Hooker to have given some further statement ; 

 but as he could not alter the truth, viz , that the cost of 

 fuel for the Palm-house did not average more than 

 300/. a-year, 1 therefore do not see what further 

 notice of the subject could be expected, especially 

 seeing that the public position held by Sir William 

 Hooker is a sufficient guarantee that his statement 

 is correct. The paragraph above quoted concludes 

 by saying that "some great mistake must have 

 been made by those who gave in such a report." Now 

 I confess it was I that made the report in question 

 by desire of Sir William Hooker (the whole of the 

 ordering and payments for fuel being checked by me), 

 and in order to show Messrs. Weeks the data by which 

 I arrived at the cost of fuel for the Palm-house, I will 

 here give a detailed account of the sums paid for fuel 

 for the use of the Royal Botanic Garden during each of 

 the following years : — 



Year ended 31st March 



,1P46 



n 



V 



1847 



n 



V 



1&48 



>T 



n 



1849 



!* 



M 



i .0 



& 



tf 



1851 



ft 



W 



1852 



»t 



J) 



1S63 



M 



If 



1S64 



• ** 



• I I 



• ff I 



• •• 



■ • t 



tiff 



■ ■ 



«• • 



• f I 



• •• 



• • • 



. . 



• * a 



• « • 



£386 

 400 

 507 

 761 

 794 

 817 

 < 



723 

 769 



10 



6 







2 



7 



6 



V 



6 



6 



6 



8 



6 



1 



3 



8 













No exact separate account of the cost of fuel for the 

 Palm-house has been kept, therefore in order to 

 ascertain that point I took the average cost of the whole 

 garden before and after the Palm-house fires came into 

 operation ; the latter took place in June, 1848, and the 

 first payment for fuel on account of the Palm-house is 

 included in tbe sum of 76 1Z. 9s. 6rf., shown to have 

 been paid in March, 1840, consequently the above table 

 includes six years of the Palm-house (less April, May, 

 and part of June, 1848), the average of these six years 

 for the whole garden is, in round numbers, 756/. ; and 

 after substracring the average of the sums paid in 1846 

 and lo47 (3941) there remains 362/., which would be 

 entirely due to the Palm-house, provided there had not 

 been, as Sir William Hooker justly states, many other 

 additional fires in operation during those S'x years, the 

 cost of which I cannot set down at less than 60/., thus 

 bringing the cost of fuel for the Palm-house to about 

 :mi., Which with the wages of stokers amounts to 423/. 

 per annum. It will be observed that I have left out in 

 the above compilation the sum paid in the year 1848 ; 

 if I had taken that into account the average co 

 of the Palm-house would have been less, but it 

 would not have been a just statement, as a portion 

 of the fuel for that year was used for a purpose not before 

 r since required. Now, if Messrs. Weeks, with their 

 " practical experiem of some 36 years," will still main- 

 tain that a great error has L u cemn 1 in makirg 



