



D 1 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



tv L'iii 



to 



um I *, about m M.-n years t re the Christian i the fresh soil. Shift and attend carefully 

 t- m, an«i appears that ulumella was the first to treat Sligu ;ette lor flowering next winter, and see that the 

 of its cultivation there. According to Nieander it was tree Violets are not infested with spider. Stove. — The 

 brought to (,n*re by the agency of 1 rseus from stock here will now be growing freely, and every possible 

 < epl> v a bcality affirmed by some to have been in care should be exercised to secure strong vigorous wood 



tree. ! not vet done, selecting for them a «*neiter*d *~~- 



and light rich soil. A few branches of ever^I^ 

 amongst such things after planting so as to*reI!!!L 

 from the sun, is a great protection, and we*™. ^ 



Persia, by others in .V hi >pia or in ChahUea. The 

 *aeh i« also spoken of by Theophrastus, Dioscorides, 

 and other Ureek writers. We mu-t therefore conclude 

 that lis fruit was well known in the East very long 

 1 * vre its introduction into Paly. Many ancient writers, 

 irt (-lading Athenteus and Pliny, and some more reeent 

 • nes, as, for instance, Marcellus Virgiliu**, in his Com- 

 ntaries on l»ioscoriil p confound the Peach with the 

 persea, a fruit the identity of which is uncertain, some 

 supposing it to be a Cordia, others a Balanites. Macro- 



liiua again confounds the Peach with the persieum of 

 uerius, which is the Walnut, and with that of Cloatius, 



which is the Citron ; ail fruits resembling the Peach in 

 nothing but in the name, a clear proof that it cannot 

 have bet ii in their days by any means a common fruit. 

 tUtw few were the varieties of Peach known to the 

 ancients a; -nears from Dioacorides, who only names 



two ; from Pliny, who enumerates five, and ralladius short time's neglect at this 



Attend to repotting young stock before the plants sustain 

 any check for the want of pot-room, and see that every- 

 thing is well supplied with water at the root. 



FORCING DEPARTMENT. 



Pineries.— Where there is not sufficient means of 

 maintaining a thoroughly moist night temperature the 

 rowing stock may be dewed with the syringe in the 

 morning, but where plenty of evaporation can be 

 obtained from tanks or evaporating pans the syringe 

 should be used over the foliage only in the afternoon, 

 and then but lightly. Heavy syringing tends to render 

 the soil about the collar of the plant too wet, and makes 

 it difficult to judge of the state of the ball as to moisture 

 and keeping the axils of the leaves constantly full of 

 water is not favourable to compact sturdy growth. See 

 that none of the young stock is allowed to suffer for 

 want of pot room or to get too dry at the root for a 



id 





being dried up until the roots get hold <rf thT^ 

 Get Scarlet Runners planted, also French Beani^f*** 

 yet done, and give the former an open situation and J2 

 deep rich soil, of which they are well deserving At f*j 

 to ridge Cucumbers, Vegetable Marrows, Tomatoes* 

 and endeavour to get strong stocky plants, kee P in £ tW 

 where they can be placed near the glass and freely 

 posed to air on fine days, and avoid getting them b 

 and tender by too close treatment. & ^" 



STATE OF THE W K A 1 H K K AT CHTft^TujK , JtEA* LCi\Ua« 

 For r he week endm* April 26. 1855, as observed at The norOeuhurilSL 



April. 



may end in a great 



four only, giving at the amine time accurate information many of the plants fruiting prematurely. Maintain a 



Friday ?U 

 Satur. *:i 

 Sunday:-: 

 Mon.. 28 

 Tues. 24 

 I Vied. 25 

 Thura. 2ii 



on the mode of cultivating them. 



With regard to the 



brisk bottom-heat, as near .90° as can be managed, but 



introduction of tin* Peach into Tuscany, it ; ars that on no account exceed this, and keep the atmosphere as 

 several varirce* were known already in the days of the warm as the plants will bear without growing weakly. 

 .Republic, but that the greater number were, as in the Successions, if all right at the root and near the glass, 

 e of other fruits, due to the ••xertions of the may safely be kept at from 65° to 70° at night and 75° 

 ltd sovereigns. Matthioli, iu the IGth century, to o*5° with sun-heat, and plants swelling their fruit, if 

 euune-ratea a considerable number as then in the afforded a thoroughly moist atmosphere, will enjoy a 

 poatassion of Tuatan cultivator; Micheli, umler night temperature of 70°. Give these plenty of manure 

 Cuomo III., has 4;i, and in the drawings of Castello water at the root. Vjnkries. — As soon as the fruit is 

 nro represented about IH). That called Poppe di Venere ripe in the early house discontinue the use of fire-heat 



as far as the state of the weather will admit, and keep 

 the atmosphere cool in order to prevent the increase of 

 spider and preserve the foliage in a healthy state as long 

 as possible. Where the borders have been covered 

 with fermenting materials this should not be removed 

 in the present state of the weather where the fruit is 

 colouring, but where the fruit is ripe the border should 

 be uncovered so as to expose it to the sun and 

 air and prevent the growth of laterals, &c. See 

 that Vines in pots and boxes are well supplied with 

 manure-water at the root. Give timely attention to the 

 work of disbudding, stopping, and tying in the shoots in 

 succession houses, and endeavour to get the fruit thinned 

 directly the berries are sufficiently large. Peaches. — 

 There will be little trouble from insects where the trees 

 are in a healthy vigorous state ; but the excessively 

 dry state of the atmosphere and cold nights, rendering 

 fire-heat still necessary, is a very favourable state of 

 things for red spider, and any weakly or overcropped 

 trees should be carefully watched. See that the inside 

 borders are properly supplied with water, keeping the 

 atmosphere moist, and that every means are used to 

 keep the trees in . vigour, and if spider makes its 

 appearance give the trees repeated washings with the 

 engine until the enemy is thoroughly eradicated. Thin 

 the crop severely directly the fruit is .stoned, and avoid 

 leaving more than the trees can bring to perfection, 

 which would only result in small, flavourless fruit, a 

 continual war with insects, and greatly injure the trees 

 for next season. Keep the young wood thin and neatly 

 tied in, so as to expose all parts of the trees equally to 



- . ... . . . , % . - "Shti &c Give air freely to houses where the fruit is 



first exactly like Almonds, but which, as they ripened, ripening ; but do not let cold winds blow through the 



assumed the appearance and succulence of Peaches, house too freelv. ° 



whilst the kerne] remained sweet and oily, like those of 



Almonds. We might a'so refer to some bad varieties 



of Peach with very little juice to th ir pericarps, 



although we do not know of any which assume the 



flattened form of our Almond, a distinctive character 



which appears to ua to be of considerable importance. 



The foliage and flowers of the two trees show little or 



no specific difference. Journal of Horticultural Society. 



file Late Admirable of our Horticultural Catalogue), is 

 atippos l to lie one of the most ancient in Italy, and is 

 mentioned by Agostino <M Kiccio and Mieheli, under 

 the name of Peach* LucehecL Although all the evidence 

 collected by Professor Tarigoni tends to show that the 

 P< h was originally brought from Persia, and he 

 therefore does not consider it necessary to proceed 

 further with the investigation, yet no traveller whom 

 we can rely upon has ev r fou d it growing really wild 

 there or anywhere else. We are therefore left in doubt 

 whether ita native stations remain yet to be discovered, 

 «>r whether its original wild type must be sought for in 

 aome species of Amygdalus known to be indigenous in 

 the East. It has been more than once suggested that this 

 original parent is no other than the com mon Almond, a 

 conjecture founded perhaps on the similarity in the leaves 

 and in the perforations of the endocarp, hut rejected as 



ahaurd by those who attach even generic importance to 

 the succulent*** of the indebiacent pericarp, This point 



cannot be decided with any degree of plausibility until 



M " *a!l have a better knowledge of tl different forms 



which the fruits of wild Amygdali may assume under 

 various circumstances ; but we may mention, as circum- 

 stances in some degree favouring the supposition that 

 some kind of Almond is the parent of the Peach, the 

 an at tradition referred to by Targioni (with the 

 remark that it is contradicted by Pliny and by common 

 S'-nse), that the Peach in Persia was poisonous, and 

 -came innocuous when transported to Egypt ; and the 



Calendar of Operations. 



{For the ensuing week.) 



PLANT DEPARTMENT. 



Conservatory, Ac — V\ bile cola drying winds and 

 tor. lit sunshine prevail considerable attention will be 

 necessary to maintain a moist healthy atmosphere in this 

 house, an 1 no effort necessary to secure this .should be 

 -•pared : for it is folly to expect flowers to last in a dry 

 hot atmosphere. A thin shade will of course be used to 

 break the force of the sun, ami In giving air every care 

 must be used to avoid drying currents, opening the top 

 ventilators only, so long as these may suffice to prevent 

 too high a temperature, and every available surface of 



•d or border should be kept constantly moist, in order 

 to secure plenty of evaporation to counteract the drying 

 e£f< s ot the external atmosphere. Give frequent 



attenti * to climbers in free growth, regulating the 



young wood before it gets entangled, and see that Har- 



ienbi ;ias, &c, in Mo o are properly supplied with 



water at the root. At this bu«v season there is great 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



The long-continued cold northerly winds render the 

 management of bedding stock unusually difficult this 

 season ; for it is stilt dangerous to risk even the hardier 

 kinds from under the protection of glass. All that can 

 safely be done until the weather changes, in the way of 

 hardening the stock, preparatory to its being planted 

 out, is to give as much air as circumstances will admit, 

 without injuring the plants ; and to place Calceolarias 

 and the stronger Verbenas in turf pits, where they can 

 be securely 'protected at nights, and sheltered from the 

 drying winds. Such things, when removed to cold pits, 

 should be planted out in fine very sandy soil, which will 

 save trouble in watering, and be much better for the 

 plants than keeping them confined in small pots. 

 Tender annuals that have been raised in heat should be 

 pricked out iu light soil under hand-glasses, in order to 

 get them strong before planting out time. If not already 

 done, hardy annuals should be sown after the first 

 shower, and do not forget plenty of Mignonette and 

 Stocks, the fragrance of which will always render them 

 favourites. Look over the stock of plants at present in 

 flower, and mark the most admired for propagation at 

 the proper season. 



; HARDY FRUIT and KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Recently transplanted trees, &c., must be carefully 

 attended to with water, giving the ground a liberal 



soa 

 m 



akfng when it is found necessary, so as to thoroughly 

 sten it, and lightening up the surface with a blunt 



fork when it becomes a little firm. 



its F 



ftm Be prepared with a 



^ ttBftfin . ,. A . . ., ~- s "PP ! y ol tobacco- water with which to attack sreen flv 



<i*f *r of nesting the winter blow* favourites, Mich the moment it is perceived upon the Peach treeT^hS 



EpaW s Daphne*, &c, but it these are to 1 had it will be easily eradicated. Clean and Wsen IZZiZ 



many thin; hke perfect v u season they must be soil about Strawberries, and ,o over ■ ™ X^Z 



made late last autumn and make good where the plants 

 have failed, lake advantage of the dry state of the 

 ground to get manure wheeled upon quarters where it 

 will soo » He wanted, and see that there is a good supply 



properly cared for now. Show nouses are generally 

 ;ept too close and warm for Epaci sea and such 

 thing*, and in this case the plants should be re- 

 moved to the greenhouse directly they are 

 lo bloom, affording them a rather damp ami 

 situation for a few weeks. 



have started into growth a 



out 



Attend to repotting sue 

 frer being cut hack, and 1 



*•« ««t and rather dose until the roots get Udd of ^ s^n^^^iii^^i^:^^ 



Avprnare . 



u 



2 



4 

 b 



7 



4' 



10 



Babomktbi. 



Max. 



Mm. 



3n..r,9 



30.1*2 



30.4*3 



30.474 



30.473 



:o.h-27 



31.504 



30.42 J 



20.321 



30.174 



30. 1 6 1 



30.13; 



30.230 



30.21-: 



T8MP«**TflEk. 



Otitic Air. ^ Ofthe hnr*> 



Mean 1 . ,00t \tm 



Max. Min 



W*t 



30.3*7 ' *0.2i 



- 



April '20— Fine ; very tine ; clear at night ; frosty. 



— 21— Fine; very clear; frosty. 



— 2*— - Cold dry easterly wioft; cl ar; frosty. 



— £3 — Cold an'l dry; fiue; dear; sharp frost. 



— 24— Clear; fine; overcast, at nijrht. 



— 2-i— Densely overcast ; cloutly and cold; slight frost, 



— 26— Cold and overcast ; fine ; overcast. 



Mean temperature of the week 4 J deg. below the average. 



RECORD OF THK WEATHKK AT CHlSWICk, 

 Durinjr the last 29 years, for the ensuing week, ending Mny 5, \%b. 



April 

 and May. 



Sunday 



Mon. 30 



Tues. 1 



W ed. 2 



Thu. 8 



tfrid. 4 



Satur. 5 





61.1 

 62.5 



62.2 

 fii.3 

 62.1 1 

 63.0 



62.7 



|?o. 



• 



83 5" 



No. of 



J? ^ c 



58* 



« 2 

 35H 



Years in 

 which it 





Eained. 



38.8 



50.0 



11 



41.3 



a l ,9 



40.9 



Til.6 



10 



4 1 .3 



o-2M 



11 



41.6 



51.8 



15 



40.6 



51.S 



11 



fi 



51J 



18 1 



Greatest 

 Quantity 

 of Hain. 



0.7i in. 

 ,i\ 



0.72 

 0..S3 



n.70 



1.26 



Prevail in* Wij&. 



-5- 





a 





3 



3 







ft 3! 4. 

 6 



■ 



2! 4 

 . fi " 



1 I I, » I 

 ,- 5 



1 5 7 1 * I h ♦ 



4 o 8-5421 

 a TV 3 3 7 4 1 J 



The highest temperature during the abovp period occurred on the 4tk 

 1833— therm. 81 dejr. ; and the lowest on the 2d, 1S52— therm. 2o de|f. 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Dry "Rot : An Old Sub. A good wash of corrosive sublimate effec- 

 tually stops the progress of dry rot, provided all the r^' 

 attacked by the fungus is really cut away. 



Fknnocue : R 7?. This is written Finocchio. It is a kind 

 Ft-nnel, sweeter than usual, and is grown like Celery. Min 

 this country it is never eatable, owing to the want of" sn lit 

 natural bottom-heat. Seeds, it' procurable, can only be had 



the great seedsmen. 

 Heating: Sub. By no means use earthenware pipes for hot 



water; they are continually leaking either at the joints or 



sides, and otherwise getting out of repair. At the t tbtf 



are mere make-shifts, which in the end you would find Blow 



costly than good iron pipes. % 



Insects: J Ft. Each of the seeds of Pinus nobiUs sent contaiMl 

 an insect in its interior. In one was a minute white footle* 

 grub or larva, and in the two others were two minute white 

 pupa?. They appear to be the immature states o( a amall 

 hymenopterous insect, and in such case must be parasites, eacn 

 of which has fed upon and destroyed an insect which had pre- 

 viously devoured the interior of" the seed. The fact is quite 

 new to us, and we hope to rear the insects, when we shall m 

 able to speak more positively as to their habits. H you aare 

 more of the seeds similarly attacked be so good astoforwfl 

 them to us.— L G,Bury. The beetles and larva sent witJJ w 

 pieces ot perforated timber are the common Anobium P^ mi ^ 

 an insect belonging to the same genus as the Death waico. 

 Pray inform us what is the kind of timber of which the 

 mens sent are pieces. Jf". . . ^j. 



Labels : D L. We believe that stamped gutta percha »o» 

 answer very well ; their great fault is the difficulty of reaows 

 them. If they are allowed to swing the wire must not run 

 the hole, but must be tied tightly round them 

 better; no more trouble, and not costly. . r 



Names of Fruits : S K. Your Pear is the Foster Beurre i 



Names op Plants : We have been so often oblige! to re,u ^]J[i 

 decline naming heaps of dried or other plants, that we .^ 

 to request our correspondents to recollect that we f n ?. g #& 

 or coold have undertaken an unlimited duty ot tn » . 



Young gardeners, to whom these remarks more eaj^iw^Si. 

 should bear in mind that, before applying to us lor •"JJJJJ 

 they should exhaust their other means of gamins J" 10 ^^ 

 We cannot save them the trouble of examining *nu Hff 

 for themselves ; nor would it be desirable if we cmia - ; , ^ 

 can do is to help them-and that most willing ij- ^ 



requested that, in future, not more than four plow *,. 

 sent ns at oue time.— £ J/". Apparently fragments 

 cuius bulbosus starved with co\&.-K'ntish Man. ^f^fv^^ 

 scoparium.— n " ■ TV ^ J " v: — ««^arnm.- W "• , 

 not in flower 



2, Not recognisable by the leaf. Paint your y^ d $Z&k> 

 white lead, or good anti-corrosion paint.— -^ ° ^ mt g\M* 

 — 1\'(/. Aphelexis macrantha purpurea. We *™ shl rffii 

 name the Azaleas.— W JJ. Saponaria calabrica. 



all ordinary winters.— J S. Acer Negtindo. ct rcc 



i„ ™ rt ^i^ «Ar know to what in ^ r yjj 



Lead is c 



7? // P. Dendrobium fimbriatnm.- " . '--far; 

 cannot be named.-^ Lady. 1, ** Xl ^*bfr 



vase* 



Orange Tre 



J II. As we do not know 



»r<o • v it, * x n tf \j v*x^ ••-^— rn ^ V | 



allude as infesting your trees we are una ,m * *^ q^ 

 advice. Many insects of very different habits »iw* 

 trees, Camellias, and similar plants. . na»*^f 



Rhododendrons: A Scottish Sub. It is imP 08 ! 1 ^®.^^^ 

 garden varieties of Rhododendrons by mere inspe ffijrB »»f 

 leaves. That which is so much injured witn The oth* 

 some ponticum blood in it, but it is ■ far J rem n g f tbe ia-r 

 appears to have no arboreum in it, but to be on 

 merabie and invaluable forms of R. cauwbumse. inf ng 



Skfleton Leaves: A Lady. Steep them ^f^^^ n^ 1 ? 

 in a warm place, freely exposed to air; when ne n rf ^ 



a small nnantitv of muriatic acid to it. A ,^ tbe part* * w 



small quantity of muriatic 

 however, required in picking out wit 

 leaves that are not rotted away.J _"-."", ^.u tree- ^j* 

 Tiie Aroan Tree. W L. This is a bush or sm a V t4 flssfcr ff *^ 



N. of Africa, and unable to bear ^SJ^ii*- ^ 



>methin» like an Olive in appearance, U t***" ^ yon 

 the stomvs. when crushed, vield a p;» >d rteai v , w 



find a full account of it in Hooker's " J^^e,^ * " 

 thfi vp«r iski w« K>iiPve that live p»»»^ 



the year 1854. We believe 



Royal Botanic Garden, Kew. 

 The Manoosteen 



to see the plant it vou win iavuui »" «— - - . • 

 The "BfiAMROCK": J & The real ShawrocK 



roottt 



c ijrarnen, rvew. . ^ TC row — 



.en : It H. We shall be **?W**ltit*+ ^ 

 nt if vou will favour US ^J^^Ot^i +* 



» v. Anv 3-ieaved Clover is the mjdetn *?*?**& d* 00 



W. You can do nothing better under 



Vines : W 



ivei** 



:*" 



••• 



"""""* k va been **&** , ^"^ 



As usual, many communications naye . ece9 a$rj 



and others are unavoidably detained tin » 7 .lojrtiio* 



be made. We must abo bpg. the ' lt 'Jm '*&** 



can 



} 1^-5 "-- - w sioi0 

 numerous correspondents, the insertion o 

 contributions is still delayed. 





