/ 



- -J 



.- . c> 



^ 



„ wiiRSERYMEN AND 



T °.r J fVEH SAND, 12 



■ 



GARDENERS. 



12s. per ton, Is. 6d. 



to any of the London 

 five liiilea. Feat and 



* m T *,«?ities. Sacks 2s. each. j 



. VlJ11 V.OBK- Chabt Lodgk, Rkigate, Surley. 

 :UI15 NOTICE-SILVER SAND. 



iWKROGKK a»d HYNAM be- to inform the 



BASS'S EAST INDIA PALE ALE. BARCLAY'S I 

 POUTER and STOUT, in lS-gallou Casks, Bottles, Half- 

 Bottles, and Imperial Pints. 



Berry, Brothers, & Co., 3, St. James's Street, London. 



It will be sent in tine 



*■ r- L(U 3 deliver* d loose or in bags at the Bricklayers Arms 

 ^•"•ow»" fi miles f the same, at a very low price.— 



*•**■* 0T hilars apply at the Offices of James G awkroger, 

 ^££?E5 U&f Yorkshire; and John Hysim, 7, 

 % ^ W1 " Street. Ffnshury. London, 



rn Horticulturists, gardeners, florists, etc. 



FTALLIC WIRE suitable for Training and 



r!«tfniM Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Flowering Plants, Ac, of 



L/iriiv i«g«) is manufactured at our Lead Works in this 



.. A^ua —Simmies and prices will be forwarded on 



.1 €■«*» win? ««"**; *- " , 



jL'S^toced prices.— Samples 



Solium to Davidson and j 



*uoa w> Davidson and Armstrong, City Lead Works, 

 MMebefter. . 



ffO^TTcTKILL RATS, MICE, AND MOLES 



II BY HUNDREDS.— A Method will be forwarded with 

 Lnctions for 30 postage stamps, which will destroy the above 

 JJSIb quickly and without trouble. 1000 acres may be cleared 



fcriftwbhillinss. 



Gilbert Dyson, Hop, Rochester. 



2lPnpw»ni5, by \V. RICHARDS, Wire-worker, Ac, 370, 

 Oxford Street, nearly opposite the Princess's Theatre. Onserva- 

 toriei fitted up. Aviarie«, Bird-cages, Flower Stands, and every 

 fctcriT>ti< n of Wire work. Game and Garden Fencing of the best 

 tacription. 



N.r lb Hand, Venetian, Wire, and all kinds of Sun shades, and 

 Window P. ■> of best quality. 



GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, ETC. 



T 'NOMAS S0MMERVILLE, Landscape Gardener, 

 Nvrszetmak, Seedsman, and Florist, Garden Road, St. 

 hns Wood, London, begs respectfully to inform the nobility, 

 gantry, and his patrons generally, that he lias entered into 

 arrangements with an eminent company in Scotland for the sole 

 disposal in London of their highly ornamental and very durable 

 Vases, Fountains, &c, samples of which may be seen at his 

 grounds in the Garden Road, as above. 



T. S. has much pleasure in being the first to introduce to the 

 sotice of the public a highly ornamental Vase, capable of resist- 

 ing the mo*t severe weather, and at little more than half the cost 

 ft any other possessing the same qualities ; and he has no hesi ta- 

 li n in stating that a more suitable Vase for the growth of plants 



<«tMt be manufactured. 



pLAYT0N,SHUTTLEWORTH, and CO.'S PRIZE 



V PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES, and COMBINED 

 THRESHING, STRAW SHAKING, RIDDLING and WIN- 

 aOVWSG MACHINE may be teen at their London Establish- 

 ment, 6, Fitzroy Terrace, New Road, where all information 

 leutive thereto can t>e obtained. These Machines are constructed 

 born Barley, and make a perfect separation of the chaff from 

 ke pulse. They are fitted with Elevators, which deposit the 

 grim into bags, and beyond the feeder of Machine require no 

 Uoft eicept to take away the Corn, &c, as threshed, the whole 

 «tue operations being performed by self-acting machinery, 

 ■"— iby the Corn, Straw, Chaff, and Pulse are delivered in the 

 assigned tor them. 



All letters for- 

 immediate attention; 



om 



C. S. & Co. have paid special attention to this class of 

 ■ninery, and Fixed Barn Machinery, and from the position 



£. JfV i n at the Koyftl and a11 the l«»<Jinp Agricultural 

 ■w oi bngiand, flatter themselves that for efficiency, dura- 



tZuS\ sim P ,icitv > th «ir Engines and Machines are not 

 ■JfKedby any other maker in England. 



3m»«hl^ ^-. 0rk f at LinCohl wiJl hav « inmieuiaie anentr 



P^ge free Catalo S Ufcs forwarded to all parts of the kingd 



])EANE J S WARRANTED GARDEN TOOLS.— 



* i^iJT*** *™\ ? l inte W*ed in Gardening pursuits 

 ^TGAmSv^ DE / NE ' DKAY - *» CO.'S extensive 

 wLa^ ^^ano! PRUNING IMPLEMENTS, best 



S^i a Cl«.i :IlBl!lel, 8nd SyriugeS ' Colebrook Dale 



■Arsnmcttcrs 

 Aisj 



fepkg Hooks 



*L [terns. 



J""* 1 " 5 ' va nous pat- 

 {^•wcal Boxes 



Gidney's Prussian! Pickaxes 

 Hoe [Scissors| Potato Forks 



rape Gatherers and Pruning Bills 



and 



Gravel Rakes 

 Sieves 



s KiMii i^ Gre ^house Doors 



{J*k Spod 8 

 2j n ^g Tools 

 *"* Irons and 



Hand-glass Frames 



Hay Knives 



Knives, various 

 Saws 



Scissors 



Shears 

 Hakes ingreat variety 

 Reaping Hooks 

 Scythes 



» 

 it 

 if 



Horticultural Ham- Scythe Stones 



mere and Hatchets shears, various 

 Hoes of wvery pattern Sickles 



* 5? 



fkv t r Wsnom 



^ *nflain\Yi 



*_ andiron 



.Seats 

 « Loom 



* ] era 



Sickle Saws 

 Spades and Shovels 



and 



Mattocks 



Menograplis 

 Metallic Wire 

 Milton Hatchets 

 Mole Traps 



t Mowing Machines 





Hotbed Handles 

 Ladies' Set of Tools ^^ 

 Labels, Various pat- Spuds 

 terns, in Zinc, Por- Switch Hooks 



celain,&c. Thistle Hooks 



LmesRnd lleels Transplanting Tools 



Trowels 



Turfing Irons 

 Wall Nails 

 Watering pots 

 Weed Hooks 



Wheelbarrows 

 Youths' Set of Tools 



S 



s^^^HoTtfeTii;^^ 111 ? 168 ot wMc1 '' with tbeir llms ~ 



United Si T ?? 8 ' Can be sent ' P° st P aid ^ to any 



; Supers ,,leTra J' s Wheelbarrows 



J^ANr; DRay l M °™g Machines Youths' Set of Tool: 



l^ANEKT LABF?^ ' are 1 sole Agents for LINGHAM' 



Retail Agents 



; : — wft ccelebratPd pdt-vTw,^, c ttUU iVCllul Agents 



^ ; " ' "" L0 - (Opening to the Monument), London 



•3& ^ of fLASTlr J A ^f?™ 8 - Manufacturers of every 

 5^J^uren^L^^ ICAL BANDAGES, as re- 



G^^latUc > imi vements thev 



^SS' 8 S Pine SubD^r?^ ^ aps * Socks ' and Ladies a,)d 

 ? W J p ^ v ^tion if ( i i A new "ascription of Pelt, in- 



Ei 4c - ^.fi. Evfrv era and the cure of Rheumatism, 



^* ** the newest ^i D cipie Pa ° f ladia ' ru ^ r Bsodsgol 



; 



T IGHT BROWN COD LIVER OIL. 



-L* long known, extensively prescribed, and hi 



DR. DE JONCH^S 



This OIL 



. _ Jghly appreciated 



on the Continent, has now, in consequence of its proved superior 

 power and efficacy, acquired the genera] and entire confidence of 

 the medical profession in this country. It is of the purest and 

 finest quality, free from admixture and adulteration, or the 

 usually repulsive and nauseous flavour, or sickly after- taste- of 

 the pale Oil, or of the coarse brown Oil commonly sold, though 

 totally unlit for medicinal use. It is as low in price per ounce as 

 any other genuine Cod Liver Oil, whilst its regular and speed v 



mical garments resist any amount of Kain, without confining 

 Perspiration (the fatal objection to all other waterproofs), are 

 intended, not merely for rainy weather, but general use, at all 

 times. Capes, 30s. to 40s.; Coats, 40*. to 60*.— W. Berdoe, 96, 

 New Bond Street, a nd P9. Cnmhill (*»nly). 



112, RECi.NT~STRE.ET7 LOIMDON' 



MR. MLCHI has opened a new Establishment, at 

 112, Kegeut Street, opposite Vigo Street, where the same 

 prices will be charged as at 4 f Leadtnhall Street, Visitors from 

 the country, and the London public, are respectfully solicited to 

 inspect the entirely New and Elegant Stock of Dressing Cases 

 and Bags, Papier Mache, Cutlery, and a very extensive assort- 

 ment of EW'anciep. suitable for presentation. 



A" - Or. MECHl'S LS T A B LISITmE N IS, 

 112, Itegent Street, and 4, Leadenhall Street, London, are 

 exhibited the finest specimens of British Manufactures in 

 Dressing Cases, Work-boxes, Writing Cases, Dressing Bags, 

 and other articles of utility or luxury. A separate department 

 for Papier Machf5 Manufactures and Bagatelle Tables. Table 

 Cutlery, Razors. Scissors, Penknives, Strops, Paste, <fcc. Ship- 

 pi wg orders px ecnted. Superio r H air and other Toilet Brashes. 



BUY OF THE MAKERS.— BRJUgHES, COMBS, 

 and BROOMS of every description, whether for the dress- 

 ing table, household, or stable use, 30 per cent, lower than any 

 other house in the trade, at the manufacturers! J. and J. 

 WITHERS, 36, Tottenham Court Road (opposite Bedford Street, 

 Bedford Square). — Warranted Tooth Brushes, Sd.\ superior ditto, 

 id. ; the best that can be made, Gd. each.— N.B. The lowest price 

 asked and no abatement. 



GLEKFIELD PATEJST STAKCH, u>ed in the 

 Royal Laundry, and pionounced by her Majesty's Laun- 

 dress to be the finest Starch she ever used. 

 S 1 d by all CI i a n d 1 ers, G ro cers. & c . & e. 



NO CHARGE FOR WATERPROOFING^ 



13ER DOE'S VENTILATING WATERPROOF 



y LIGHT OVER-COATS, CAPES, SHOOTING JACKETS, effects render iFtocIl^iWy^ch^r MedkaV^nd'^cFe^nc 

 Arc, tor all seasons. Ihese well-known, respectable, and econo- testimonials of the highest character delivered or forwarded gratis 



on application.— Sold in bottles, capsuled and labelled, with Dr. 

 De Jongh's btamp and signature, without which none ars 

 tiF.suiNE, by ANSAR, HARFORD, and CO., 77, STRAND, 

 London, Dr. De Jongh's sole accredited Agents: and bv respect- 

 able Chemists in Town and Country. Half-pints (10 oz"), 2s. 6d.; 

 Pints (20 oz), 4s. 9<f.; Quarts (40 oz.). 9s. 1 M P ERIAL MEASURE. 



|Vl ^TCALFK, B1NGLEY, and Co/S OATMEAL 



l* » and CAMPHOR SOAP, in tablets (registered Kov.3,1654".. 

 Price 6d. each. This soap will be found the purest and most 

 perfect winter soap ever introduced to the public. It preserve 

 the hands from chapping, and renders the skin sott and agree 

 able.— Sold wholesale and retail by the inventors and sole manu- 

 facturers, Metcalfe, Bingley, & Co., Brushraakers and Per- 

 fumers to H.R.II. Prince Albert, 130b and 131, Oxford Street, 



Caution.— To prevent fraud, each tablet bears the registered 



mark and the names and address of the inventors, as above. 



Metcalfe's ALKALINE TOOTH POWDER, 2*. per box.— 



The above may be obtained of most respectable Chemists, Per- 

 fumers, &C. -mt,,, , 



SUPERIOR FIRST- CLASS CABINET AND 



O UPHOLSTERY FURNITURE can only be obtained at 

 moderate prices by purchasing direct from the manufacturer, 

 thus saving the profit of the middle man, and securing thoroughly 

 seasoned materials with soundness of workmanship, and an 

 elegance of style not to be found at other houses. Families 

 furnishing are respectfully Solicited to inspect the extensive 

 stock of Cabinet Furniture, Bedsteads, and Bedding, at JOHN 

 VOLLUM'S old established manufactory, No. 3, Finsbury 

 Pavement. Designs and Estimates made for furnishing a house 

 or single room in any part of the country free of charge. No 

 charge made for packing • country orders. Observe — No. 3, 

 Finsbury Pavement, London, and the name most distinctly 

 JOHN VOLLUM. * 



A CLEAR COMPLEXION. 



GODFREY'S EXTRACT or ELDER FLOWERS 

 is strongly recommended for softening, beautifying, and 

 preserving the skin, and giving it a blooming and charming 

 appearance, being at once a fragrant Perfume and delightful 

 Cosmetic. It completely removes tan, sun-burn, redness, At., 

 and by its balsamic and healing qualities renders the skin soft, 

 and free from dryness, scurf, &c. ; clears it from every humour, 

 pimple, or eruption; and by continuing its use only a short time 

 the skin becomes and continues soft and smooth, and the com- 

 plexion clear and beautiful. In the process of shaving it is 

 invaluable, as it annihilates every pimple and all roughness, and 

 affords great comfort if applied to the face during cold easterly 

 winds.— Sold in Bottles, price 2t. 9d., with directions for using it. 

 by all Medicine Vendors and Perfumers. 



ASTROLOGY. — Persons residing in London or else- 

 where can send any Address, Christian and Surname, and 

 Age, in a letter containing 13 postage stamps, to Professor 

 Melville, Princes Road, Lambeth, London (the only Acrostic 

 Astrologer in the universe), and they will receive by return of 

 post special poems on their names, in which their Destinies will 

 be revealed. 



F ANDERS, STOVES, AND FIRE-IRONS. 

 Buyers of the above are requested, before finally deciding, to 

 viait William 8. Buetox's SHOW ROOMS, 39, Oxford Street 

 (corner of Newman Street), Nos. 1,2, and 3, Newman Street, and 4 

 and 5, Perry's Place. They are the largest in the world, and contain 

 such an assortment of FENDERS, STOVES, RANGES, FIRE- 

 IRONS, and GENERAL* IRONMONGERY as cannot be 

 approached elsewhere, either for variety, novelty, beauty of . 

 design, 'or exquisitenesa of workmanship. Bright Stoves, with 

 bronzed ornaments and two sets of bars, 2/. 14s. to 61, 10s.; ditto, 

 with ormolu ornaments and two sets of bars, 5L 10s. to 122. 12s.: 

 Bronzed Fenders complete, with standards, from Is. to SI.; Steel 

 Fenders from 2/. 15*. to 6/.; ditto, with rich ormolu ornaments, 

 from 21. 155. to 7 1.7s.: Fire-irons from 1#. 9<f. the set to 41. 4s. 

 Sylvester and all other latent Stoves, with radiating hearth plates. 

 All which he is enabled to sell at these very reduced charges, j 

 1st,— From the frequency and extent of his purchases; and, 

 2dly,— From those purchases being made exclusively for cash. 



BATHS AND TOILETTE WARE.— William S. 

 . Bvjktos has ONE LARGE SHOW ROOM devoted exclu- 

 sively to the DISPLAY of BATHS and TOILETTE WARE. 



The stock of each is at once the largest, newest, and most varied 

 ever submitted to the public, and marked at prices proportionate 

 with those that have tended to make his establishment the most 

 distinguished in this country. Portable Showers, 7s. 6d.; Pillar 

 Showers. 3Lto5*.; Nursery, *15s. to 325.; Spongfcig, lbs. to32*.; 

 Hip, Us. to 31.9. &*. A large, assortment of Gas Furnace, Hot and 

 Id Plunge, Vapour, and Camp Shower Baths. Toilette Ware 

 in great variety, from 155. 6d. to 455. the Set of Three. 



T^HE BEST SHOW of IRON BEDSTEADS 

 in the Kingdom is William S. Burton's.— He has two 

 very Large Rooms, devoted to the exclusive show of Iron 

 and Brass Bedsteads and Children's Cots, with appropriate 

 Bedding and Mattresses. Common Iron Bedsteads, 185. ; Port- 

 able Folding Bedsteads from 125. &£. ; Patent Iron Bedsteads, 

 fitted with dovetail joints and patent sacking, from 17s.6d.\ and 

 Cots from 205. each ; handsome ornamental Iron and Brass Bed- 

 steads, in great varietv, from 21. Yds. 6d. to 15*. 155. * f 



FAPIER MACHE and IRON TEA-TRAYS.— An 

 assortment of Tea Trays and Waiters wholly unprecedented, 

 whether as to extent, variety, or novelty. 

 New oval Papier Mache Trays, 



per set of three from 205. to 10 guineas. 



Ditto, Iron ditto from 135. to 4 guineas. 



Convex shape, ditto from 75.6V/. 



Round dnd Gothic Waiters. Cake and Bread Baskets equally Vw. 



William S. Burton has TEN LARGE SHOW ROOMS, 

 all communicating, exclusive of the Shop, devoted solely to the 

 show of GENERAL FURNISHING IRONMONGERY (in- 

 Uuiing Cutlery, Nickel Silver, Plated and Japanned Wares, 

 Iron and Brass Bedsteads and Bedding), so arranged and classi- 

 fied that purchasers may easily and at once make their selections. 



Catalogues, with engravings, sent (per post) free. The monej 

 returned for every article not approved of. 



No. 39, Oxford "Street (corner of Newman Street); 1, 2, and 

 3, Newman Street: «nd 4 St 5, Perrv's Place^ 



O CHARGE FOR STAMPING at LOCKWOOD'S, 



75, New Pond Street. Good cream-laid Note-paper, five 

 quires for Qd. ; Thick ditto, five quires, if,; Albert and Queen's 

 sizes, five quires for 6 J., Bcl* and U. ; Note-paper made from Straw, 

 2s. M. per ream ; Envelopes, id, to 15. 6d. per hundred ; Foolscap 

 paper, 75. Gd. per ream ; Copvbooks 25. 6d. per dozen. Card Plate 

 engraved, 25. 6<L; 100 Cards printed, 25. 6d. Wedding orders 

 promptly executed. A large variety of Writing and Dressing 

 Cases, "Envelope Boxes, Blotting Books, Inkstands. — Copy 

 address, Lockwoop's, 75, New Bond Street. Country orders for 

 205. sent carriage free. Lockavood's celebrated Nugget (Gilt) 



Pnn 1 f*o-r v>f\et fro** fnv I ft etn^'Tld. 



YOURSELF! WHAT YOU ARE! AND WHAT 

 FIT FOR!— The secret Art of DISCOVERING ti»e 

 CHARACTER of INDIVIDUALS from the peculiarities ot 

 their HANDWRITING, has long beeu practised by Mrss 

 Graham with astonishing success. Her startling delineations are 

 full and detailed, differing from anything hitherto attempted. All 

 persons wishing to "know themselves," or any friend in whom 

 they are interested, must send a specimen of their writing, 

 stating sex and age, inclosing 13 penny postage stamps, to Miss 

 Graham, 10, Chichester Place, King's Cross, London, and they 

 will receive a minHte detail of the mental and moral qualities, 

 talents, tastes, affections, virtues, failings, &c, of the writer, with 

 many other things hitherto unsuspected. — A Copy of extraordinary 

 Clairvoyant Revelations sent post free for six penny stamps. 



Tint SuocEfci>uL Results or ins last Half Century have 



PROVED BEYOND QUESTION THAT 



ROWLAND'S MACASSAR OIL possesses 

 peculiarly nourishing powers in the growth, restoration, and 

 improvement of the human Hair, and is now universally acknow- 

 ledged to be the cheapest, and superior to all other preparations 

 for the hair. It prevents it from falling off or turning grey, 

 strengthens weak hair, produces a thick and luxuriant growth, 

 cleanses it from scurf and dandriff, and makes it beautifuMy 

 soft, curly, and glossy. In the growth of the Beard, 

 Whiskers, Eyebrows, and Moustachios, it is unfailing in its 

 stimulative operation. For children it is especially recom- 

 mended, as forming the basis of a beautiful head of hair. Price 

 35. &*. and 75.; Family Bottles (equal to four smalP. 105. 6<L; and 

 double that size, 215. Caution.— On the wrapper of each bottle 

 are the words, Rowlands' Macassar Oil, in two lines.— Sold by 

 A. Rowland & Sons, 20, llatton Garden, London, and by Che- 

 mists and Perfumers. 



DO YOU WANT 

 WHISKERS, &c.?- 



LUXURIAN.T HAIR, 



No other compound for the Hair 

 has maintained such an enduring celebrity as Emily Dean's 

 CRIN1LENE. It is guaranteed to produce Whiskers, Mous- 

 tachios, Eyebrows, &c, in a few weeks, and restore the Hair in 

 Baldness, from whatever cause, strengthen it when weak, pre vent 

 its falling off, and effectually check Greyness in all its stages. 

 For the nursery, Dr. Wilson says it is unrivalled.— Price 25. per 

 Package; sent post free, on receipt of 24 penny postage stamps, 

 by Miss Dean, 37 a, Manchester Street, Grays Inn Road, 

 London. Sold by every Chemist in the Kingdom. — "In one 

 fortnight it produced a beautiful set of moustachios." H. Adams. 

 — "It has prevented my hair falling off." J. BlCKSOM.— M It has 

 quite checked the greyness that was coming on." Mrs. Elder, 



Beware of imitations; under closelv similar names. 



— > 



TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS. 



A RETIRED CLERGYMAN having been restored 

 to health in a few days, after many years of great nervous 

 suffering, is anxious to communicate to others the means of cure ; 

 he will therefore send (free), on receiving a stamped envelope, 

 properly addressed, a copy of the prescription used.— Direct Rev. 



F TVtvnTA«B IP H on j»pH «2fr*»et. BHjrton. London. ^^_ 



D 



INJNEJbORD'S PURE FLUID MAGNESIA lias 



been for many years sanctioned by the most eminent of the 

 Medical Profession, as an excellent remedy ior Acidities, Heart- 

 burn, Headache, Gout, and Indigestion. Asa mild aperient, it ii 

 admirably adapted for delicate females, particularly during preg- 

 nancy ; and it prevents the food of infants from turning sour 

 during digestion. Combined with the Acidulated Lemon Syrup, 

 it forms an Effervescing Aperient Draught, which is highly agree- 

 able and eRicncious.— Prepared by Dinnefobd& Co., Dispensing 

 Chemists (and General Agents for the Improved Horse-Hair 



Gloves and Belts), 172, New Bond Street, London, and Sold by all 

 respectable Chemists throughout the Empire. 



HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT AND PILLS RE- 

 MARKABLE FOR THEIR EFFICACY IN CURING 

 BAD LEG*.— Mrs. Norman, of 25. Round Court, W est Smith- 

 field was affected for upwards of nine years with a dreadful bad 

 lee*' the wounds in it were dreadful to behold, and she despaired 

 of its ever being cured, as she had been under several medical 

 men of great celebrity, but all failed in doing any goo d what- 

 ever At last she determined on using HOLLO >V A l fc OIN 1- 

 MFNT AND PILLS, and these wonderful medicines soon 

 effected a sound and perfect cure, to the great surprise of all her 

 friends that had seen it.- Sold by all Medicine A endors, and at 

 Professor Hollovay's Establishments, 244, Strand, Loudon, aad 

 0, Maiden Lane, New York^ 



» 



UPTURES EFFECTUALLY r CURED WITH- 



OLT A TRUSS.— All Buffereis from this alarming com- 

 plaint are earnestly invited to consult or write to Dr. LESLIE, as 

 he guarantee^ them relief in every case. His remedy has been 

 successful in curing thousands of persons during the last twelve 



ears, and is applicable to every kind of single and double rup- 

 ture, however bad or long standing, in male or female of any age, 

 causing no confinement or inconvenience In its use whatever. 

 Sent post free to any part of the world, with full instructions for 



Be, on receipt of 75. 6d. in ] tage stamps, cash, or pos* files 

 order, payable at the General Post-office, to Dr. Hekbkrt Leslie, 

 37a, Manchester Street, Gray's Inn Koad, London. At home 

 daily (except Sunday) from 11 till 4 o'clock. A Pamphlet of Tes- 



[ timvuials sent post free cxi receipt of one postage stamp. 



