18^1855, 



THE AGRICULTURAL 



GAZETTE 



n* 



TRADE MEMORANDUM. 

 , information communicated to your readers in 

 VZie of the 7th inst., relative to the proceedings 

 ^Sfcin parties resident in Manchester and its 

 !LSf seems to me exceedingly like the doings of a 

 n- ^ , 1 ndent who in 1853 dated his favours from 

 **LLord Sir , Eidme, Manchester," and who suc- 

 ^d in victimising several parties, inducing them to 



tewird live 



J^ce to his kind order 



' *i™* 



«£ht pernaps save 

 ^L by the fellow 



stock, butter, and other agricultural 



I should have no hesitation 



his name, or tne name he assumed, as it 



others from being duped, as I own 



But the inquiries I made at the 



P 



I 



we turn over amongst the chaff, so that the animals 

 cannot avoid eating them together/ 



I have for some time directed the attention of some 

 of the agricultural implemenr-makers to the want of a 

 pnlping-machine, in order to effect a still more intimate 

 incorporation of the drier food with the roots, for which 

 a prize has lately been offered by the Royal Aerie* ural 

 bociety. Such an article was produced at Lincoln by 

 Mr Phillips, of Downham. This is an effective machine 

 at 11 guineas. It cannot probably be rendered, as at 

 present constructed, at a less cost ; but while the cost 

 of Moody's cutter is only 41. 10a, a machine for pulping 

 must be produced at much less cost than 11 guineas 

 before it will get into the farmers' hands. 



I observed that the animals under the change to 

 which I have adverted throve faster, and were kept 

 equally clean with one-third less litter, by weight, than 

 we had found necessary on the former mode of feeding. 

 In the month of August, 1853, our Swedes and Man- 

 gold were struck with some kind of blight, or other not 

 very well defined malady, which nearly stopped their 

 growth, and we were reduced to the alternatives of 

 selling some of the stock or putting the whole on short 

 allowance of roots, and we adopted the latter. We 

 limited the bullocks to 50 lbs. weight, and the sheep to 

 10 lbs., per head per diem. We had plenty of good 

 Barley-straw, but the hay was very indifferent, having 

 been exposed for several weeks to rain, and put up at 

 last in questionable condition. 



I purchased 17 bullocks at the October Hereford fair. 

 For the first four weeks they tod little else than the 

 Barley-straw and bad hay cut into chaff, with their 

 50 lbs. of roots. From that time till they were sold they 

 had 6 lbs. of Linseed and Rape-cakes, mixed in equal 

 proportions and boiled, and the soup poured over the 

 chaff, which was then covered over in a slate-tank until 

 the former was completely absorbed. This destroyed the 

 fungus or mould which had accumulated on the damp 

 hay, and rendered it perfectly sweet, but of course could 

 not restore the nutriment washed out by the rain. The 

 Linseed and Rape-cake together averaged 8Z. per ton ; 



the cost of this therefore was 2s. 7^d. per head per 

 week. mi * ■ * • 



307 



Lie showed that he had used other names in the 

 com* of bis transactions. Manchester has acquired 

 % im unenviable notoriety in swindling, and I would 

 gtronfly advise any one favoured with orders from that 

 Quarter to look upon them with a considerable degree 

 of sMpicion, as the names, or what are apparently the 

 niuDafc of rea % respectable people are often assumed for 

 tbe purpose of deceiving the unwary. One who was 

 DmtL [There is a very efficient Trade Protection 

 Soorty in Manchester, from which information may 

 be obtained.] _____ __ ___ mm 



ON GREEN FOOD IN FEEDING. 



Tie feeding of bullocks has been of late much dis- 

 ced in the agricultural journals and elsewhere. It 

 oagniar that such a variety of opinions, such a divei 



dfnex 



eiperience from time immemorial, and that by thou- 

 aoda of agriculturists. Amongst an eminently prac- 

 tical people, as we are reputed to be, it would have been 

 natural presumption that the mode and cost of feeding 

 i bollock in the shortest time, and on the most econo- 

 mical plan, would be as well established as any propo- 

 sition whatever; the only deviation being the time 

 required for the operation ; and this would depend on 

 the age, the ! reed, and the condition of the animal put 

 up. Had this been the occupation of the merchant or 



3 Sta^SJrf at' £T£ SQC i^ 6 r P&nCy I T ek - The attendaDCe ' P Ut at ™- P* r hWd P- week 

 «ZZt c reS JL 'V 2' H,thm °' CXaC * (a maU and a h °y< at 18 *> managed in all respects 24 



week : the roots (estimated at 10s. 



stauce-1 see the « Pateut Nirro-phosj.lm.e or Blood 

 Manure most highly recommended quoad trustee* 

 directors, &c. Will any one of these trustees tell us 

 the value of this dung from his own experience, or B end 

 a. recommendation of it from Professor Way ? It mi«ht 

 be worth Ins while ; and so on with others. And why 

 will not Messrs. Gibbs sell Peruvian guano in rather 

 smaller quantities, or seal their bags, or do something 

 to enable the small consumers to get an honest manure, 

 instead of encouraging the trade of the « rogues in dirt," 

 as is practically the case now 1 Is not the money of the 

 little man as good as any other ' S. R E 



Straw Chaff as Food for Stock—in reference to a 



! IS; m 'pu-n"''^* Which a PP eared in ™ r eo'unms 

 lately Mr. Phillips has written as follows :-h is true 



1 prefer steam as a means of cooking the chaff, but 

 boiling water is a very good substitute where steam 

 cannot be had, or even cold water will do, only with 

 this latter you must adt.pt the system of spontaneous 

 lermentation, which has, however, this disadvantage, 

 that the process is longer in hand, and further requires 

 a larger expenditure of the minced roots, which in a 

 seasou like this is a serious consideration, as it requires 

 about one-third of the bulk to be minced roots in order 



But whatever 



Sain'; , H f I 6611 an a J " ribute 0f the farmer - 2s - 4d - P e r head per w 



■SJ^. W ? 6 ° Und fou » dati ^ ^r reliable j per ton), 1,. Bd. Say, 

 PWice, for which Mr. T.nwoo lioo OQ » „„ _j_- li * . J > . . J ' 



fiwtice, for which Mr „„. m 



example. "~" "° **" MU1 "" auie 



vISi'iT 1 ^' g ' Ve 8ome P^ticulars of the feeding of 

 flocks last ^nter ; but my immediate object is 



K^F St haVe made ,rom time t0 time ia^st 

 « jw» tlmg practice of giving to feeding animals a 



MQ 



When I 



commenced feeding bullocks, some 



was 5s. per head per week ; and for the next 13 weeks 

 6s. lOd. : when the animals were sold. The account 

 stands thus : — 



17 bullocks, prime cost £286 17 G 



Feeding 4 weeks, at 5s £17 



13 .. at 6s. lOd. ... 76 1 



93 1 



n 



v 



Wtu erf ,7 , k,ndS ,° f f °° d rt ^"™ended in the 

 Eth ri v ' 'f' aDd otherwi ^, by men of re- 



llewt Z I v Uded [ hAye observed to be from 1 to 



Sow »h r™ ",'" wm ^mixture. 



U "»? be a«nml e H ^ ^ pr ° P ° Se to Mcomplisli ? 

 **« 4 iK °f ° Ur P re8ent P ur P° se -e are 



^teaecunak ' Jl yd 7 e > ed ' UIld that we have 

 *• "WW So 1 b f d ^ at The first ««"sidera- 



Sl ^ man's tCY 5 ,he f °° d whicl1 ' at the 

 *«^*.whTch 2 Id rg t 8t P ro P orti °n of those 



• ^pahtabS " t r m - C,e , 8ndfat ' and i8 at the 

 S? to «E » vari LI h ! 8n,mal GeneraI ^Perience 



Sf-'ke £ conH? g T n ° n the f «™ " best 

 ^ % contain on ^ > but when h is borne » 

 t cent - of water f u aver *ge somewhere about 88 



fa*"" combVne ^wit D h C S- P ° iDt f ° r conside ration is, 



SSL* 1 * of ^ < r?i„.l * h . I8 ^ uanti *y of fluid as much 



J? M «*J be Z °. ry ^ nd (Aether hay, straw, or 



£379 18 6 



They were sold for 3861. 10s. The credit balance of 

 61. lis. 6d. would be absorbed by the engine-power in 

 cutting the chaff ; and the manure represents the straw 

 cut for litter. The result, I think, shows that bullocks 

 may be fatted, in a reasonable time, at a less cost, and 

 with a much less quantity of roots than are usually given, 

 by the mode of feeding adopted, without actual loss. I 

 may observe, too, in reference to this particular case, 

 that, though beef during the year 1853 bore a good 

 price, lean stock commanded a much higher propor- 

 tional price in the market. Mr. Lawrence, of Cirencester, 

 in the Journal of the Enoli&h AuricutturaL Society. 



nof iU . must ever be b ome in 



St&ff^ ° f f00d P»t into the 



«fa£ 



N 



Bind Z^* of the food. 

 «e»^ f » 's not the qu . L 



£' ^ *•* wS'l tt? 1 ^"P^hes the object in 



l J ,h « health! i h °. r0U 8% posted and assimi- 



^^ ''a a! a n ? 0n f 0f ? e ™cera. When 



StL h ^ observed LT^ consumi "S ^od so 

 W7' t% ta J v ~* "at, with water constontly be- 



••J^'-nteal in ton i eatmg nature » 8ucl > as 



k.!? ^Wne cZl Tr a P r °P° r tion : the safest 



mZZ^CS tl\h se ? t w , ith those artic1 ^- 



W* 6 chief f ' h ? e , t0 doubt the expediency of 

 2k Wbic " ii d s t ° / attenin S animals^at, nfne! 

 Bl*J th ffl "re 1!L f * Water ' » Dd more es, Pocially 

 5L h * » cwt. of n l f ° od - l he Bet t''"g before a 



^*** ^\Z? T °? a **>* firet thing in the 

 *Cel Dufri «ou 8 f l ter r arda their allowance of more 



•Ur ,n ?'ap P eS and re P eatin S the feed of roots 

 <M pother hand H?»r ? ,rrat 'onal proceeding; 

 «^^ *om d p' ro J a * a dn , e future of the solid 

 **» l-T h ** lnSefl'\ ft,d J he P r °P er di ^ 9,i on 



Sii> 7o1 bs S R y n^ rd rec ommended one 

 ^Jf f the animli . to . 80 lba - P^ diem, according 



Name. 



Cardigan j U months 



If 



Raglan 



Canrobert 



Sir Colin Campbell. 



Dundas 



Napier 



Burgoyne 



Balaklava 



!Nn 



g 



A ninth, w Inkermann," was catalogued for sale, but an 

 accident had occurred to him: from choking on a Turnip, 

 the best breeding wiil not secure exemption. S. 



Manures.— It would be a great boon to little people 

 like myself if you or any of your correspondents could 

 give us practical information as to the value of some of 

 rhe manures which we see advertised in your columns. 



^oots intA ♦£• — """' w TTar " Several of these might suit our purpose, if we could 



mm ri *>ands ; these depend on the genuineness of them. To take one in- 



portion of these 



might be 



*oodv\r: D, ° r * «,iid food : w ith »r P • ? 



^vry a cutter *y~ \ ' w, tn tins view I 



*•* «* C' D r :l°i d b 7. Carson, of War- 



to set up spontaneous fermentation. -_ WF „. 



mode you adopt of cooking the chaff, the beat recep- 

 tacles for the purpose will be brick cisterns or tankg, 

 which of course may vary in size, according to the 

 quantity of food required for consumption ; a good 

 size for these cisterns is 6 feet square, inside measure, 

 by 3 feet 6 inches in depth, or 6 feet by 9 feet inside ; 

 it very large quantities of food are required, they 

 must have a perforated false bottom, either of wood or 

 iron, and there should be a wooden plug through the 

 outer wall, inserted between the true and false bottom, 

 to let out superfluous moisture, or, in case of spon- 

 taneous fermentation being adopted, to Jet in atmo- 

 spheric air, which is highly essential to its production. 

 The outside walls of the cisterns should be 9 inches 

 in thickness and the partition walls 4£ inches ; there 

 should also be an Oak kerb on the top of the walls, and 

 lids to cover down the cisterns securely, so that there 

 may be no unnecessary waste of steam. From two to 

 four cisterns will be sufficient on most farms. I, 

 however, make use of five such, and think of erecting 



- * tw ° more. Where there is not a steam-engine upon 



tor the hrst four weeks the cost the farm, one of the ordinary steam generators for 

 >o~ . o.„ _ *u -* io _.__,._ cooking vegetables would be found useful, and might 



be had at a moderate price, with which the cisterns 

 might be heated. In mixing your minced roots with 

 the straw chaff, do it when removing it from the 

 cisterns ; the roots do not require steaming ; and as to 

 the best mode of preparing the roots for mixing, by 

 mincing or pulping, I am not aware that there is any 

 better machine tor the purpose than the Royal Agri- 

 cultural Society's prize pulping or mincing machine, 

 made by Woods, of Stowmarket, Suffolk ; who also 

 makes a larger machine, applicable to steam or other 

 power, which will mince from two to four, or even more 



bushels, per minute. Frederick Phillips, Ttie Ball Farm? 

 near Brandon. 



Failure of Wheat after Dressing with Blue Vitriol 

 A piece of Wheat of mine has lost stock to such an 

 extent that scarcely a plant can be seen in some part& 

 of the field. I attributed this at first to the frost, but I 

 am now inclined to think that the cause is the dressing 

 of the seed in the usual way with blue vitriol, because 

 a small part sown with undressed seed is as thick and 

 flourishing as I could wish. The seed was sown when 

 the ground was dry, after waiting for rain which did 

 not fall till some time after sowing. Much of the seed 

 never grew, and that which did grow was so weak that 

 it could not resist the frost, aud has wellnigh all perished. 

 J. C. C. 



Diseased if eat. — The prevalence of particular diseases 

 in London cannot be a matter of astonishment to those 

 who are aware of the universal adulteration of food of 

 every description, both liquid and solid — nothing escapes 

 the ingenuity of traders ; the only wonder is that the 

 mortality in the metropolis is not greater under the 

 amount of poisonous stuff daily swallowed. It will not 

 be necessary to enumerate the various articles, mixed 

 with red lead, sulphuric acid, copperas, &c, &e. f which 

 are daily consumed by the public. However there is 

 one fact which will interest the readers of the Chronicle^ 

 more particularly respectable agriculturists, who will 

 be shocked to be classed amongst vendors of diseased 

 meat — a trade apparently carried on to an immense 

 extent, which the Oazette will do well to expose, and 

 put a stop to a traffic so nefarious. The following 

 extracts from the "Quarterly Review,'* March, 1855, 

 speak for themselves: — Evidence before the Smithfield 

 Market Commission : — u It is purchased by soup shops, 

 aausage makers, the a-la-mode beef and meat-pie shops, 

 <Scc, &c. There is one soup shop, I believe, doing 

 500 lbs. a week in diseased meat ; this firm has a large 

 foreign trade. Ttie trade in diseased meat is very 

 alarming, as anything in the shape of flesh can be 

 jsold at Id. per lb., or 8rf. per atone. I am certain if 

 100 cows were lying dead in the neighbourhood of 

 London, I could get them all sold in 24 hours : it don't 

 matter what they died of." A gain — " The London market 

 is very extensively supplied with diseased meat from the 

 country. There are three insurance offices in London, 

 in which graziers can in>ure their beasts from disease, 

 it was the practice of one of these offices to send the 

 unsound animals dying from disease to their own 

 slaughter-houaes, situate 160 miles from London, to be 

 dressed and sent to the London market. Cattle, sheep, 

 Ac, are insured against all kinds of diseases, and one 



Home Correspondence. 



Sale of young Short-horn Bulls bred by Mr. Longmore, 

 of Kettie, Banffshire. — A public sale of young bulls of 

 tiie stock of the above gentleman, who has a high local 

 reputation as a breeder of short-horns, took place on 

 the 20th April. The prices realised, as noted below,' 

 will show that the hardy farmers of north-eastern 

 Scotland are not disinclined to pay liberal prices for 

 such animals as give promise to be useful in upholding 

 — in this case we may perhaps justly say improving — 

 the quality of the stock raised in that cold but well 

 farmed district. The names given to the animals are 

 no less indicative of the popularity of our warriors 

 among those holding u land and beeves." Not that their 

 relative popularity is quite in unison with the prices 

 realised. There is something in a name ; and it did us 

 good to hear the shouts of self-gratulatiou in which the 

 burly farmer who became owner of " Sir Colin Campbell " 

 announced his acquisition of the northern hero's name- 

 sake. We may further remark that the purchasers 

 were, we believe without exception, practical agricul- 

 turists, men noted for their caution and sharp look-out 

 for what will pay. 



List of Bulls sold. 



Prici 



12 



Hi 

 H 



8 



ii 



it 



ii 



it 



50 guineas 



71 



61 



51 



44 



33 



31 



20 



If 



m 



M 

 if 



n 





