308 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



— -* 



of the conditions is, that the diseased animal when dead 

 becomes the property of the insurance company, the 

 party insuring receiving two-thirds of the value of the 

 animal, and one-third of the salvage, or, in other words, 

 one-third of the amount the beast is sold for when 

 dead. The Chinese are supposed to be rather gross 

 feeders, because they consider dogs, &c, delicacies, but 

 a well-fed pappy in a pie must be a luxury when 

 compared to a bit of diseased cow covered with dirty 

 crust and well seasoned. " People who live in glass 

 houses," &c.,&c." Falcon. 



To tow Clover Seed.— I have found the following 



Clover seed so successful in pro- 



I beg to 



offer it, through your columns, to the consideration of 

 those who have the means of availing themselves of it. 





method of sowing 



ducing a good plant the following spring that 



Me^ i> r ct tor 1859 should comprise t^e ^unties 

 of Oxford, Warwick, Northampton, and Berks, and be 

 denominated the " Central District 



Soda. — An im A 

 from Lord Wodehouse, on the part 

 Clarendon, in reference to an abundant supply of native 

 carbonate of soda ascertained to exist in South 

 America ; and of which specimens, forwarded from the 

 Foreign Office, had been placed m the hands of Prof. 

 Way for analysis. 



Adjourned to May 9. _______ 



manures he left on the land. 



fetf 



Farmers' Clubs. 



Botley.— On Ayr* J tural Leases.— At a late meeting 

 of this Club this subject was again discussed. Judge 

 Gale said— I desired to bring before a body of practical 

 men interested in land, a3 landowners, as well as tenant- 

 farmers, the question whether a scheme might not be 

 devised' by which, while the interests of the landlord 



ept 

 selvv s. 



I always use Cambridge's presser this month to protect 



my Barley from the ravages of the wire worm, and in 



the grooves or furrows made by this implement I sow 



the Clover seed broadcast, and the bush-harrow which g^ ou j d " be % ecure d, the tenant might be freed from the 



follows brushes the seed into the bottom of the grooves, | trictiong hy w hich he is at present bound. He is fre- 



and covers it over at a uniform depth. This method - '- -- • • - 



has for the last three years produced excellent crops of 



Clover— far better than I had before been able to 



obtain, either by drilling the seed or sowing it broadcast 



and seems to combine the advantages of both these 



systems. To ensure the seed being evenly sown I 

 usually sow it with the drill, the coulters and the prin- 

 cipal part of the pikes bein^ removed. Q. P. S. 



These were power* 

 had not been possessed by them before. He did 

 object to them. If they were beneficial to tbe 

 poXr^mmunication was received they were so also to the landlord What had _ 

 P u^l L th« nart of the Earl of suggested by his friend Mr. Wyatt differed tt^aTZ 



practice of this part of the country, but he should bT 

 enter into the details of the system described by &__ 

 except as to the new position in which they found" tie? 



Before entering on it he would say thatnoflZ 

 would object to tenant-right agreements, yet he uWfct 

 that the law would never compel parties to submit to 

 general rule, and he hoped they would all stand np. 

 their own foundation. Let the rates of compensation fc 

 law when they have been agreed to by both pwtj*. 

 With respect to the observations of .Mr. Gale as to the 

 landlord's obtaining immediate possession of the Uad— 

 for breach of covenant — to be settled in the county 

 court, he would say that the landlord would hare ft 

 superior power over his tenant. If that summary power 

 were to exist, the object would, as he took it, be to pr*. 

 vent the tenant doing the injury. He thought that an 

 essential alteration in the lease must be made befoi* 

 this summary power was given to the landlord. He had 

 therefore made a bold hazard, and had proposed a font 

 of, or rather conditions for, a lease, and a scale of pay. 

 ments to be made to the tenant when he leaves, £ 

 depending on the supposition that what Mr. Gale 

 proposes shall have been made law — else they might 

 come before the world, asking for power for the landlord 

 over the tenant, without protecting the tenant in his 



Let them meet a 



•J. 



& 



! 



£>oncttes* 



ROYAL AGKICl LTURAL OF ENGLAND. 



Monthly Council, May 2 : Mr. Miles, M.l\,Presi- 



d« i t, in the Chair. 



Finances. — Mr. Raymond Barker, Chairman of the 

 Finance Committee, presented the Monthly Heport on 

 the Accounts, from which it appeared that the current 

 cash balance in the hands of the hankers was 32252. 



Journal Committee. — The President submitted to 

 the Council the Report of the Journal Committee, con- 

 taining the following recommendations : — 



1. The postponement to a subsequent meeting of the 

 further reports made by the Judges of Essays, in their 

 Adjudication of prizes for 1866. 



The postponement, to a Special Council next week, of 

 the report of tbe Committee on the prizes for essays, 

 to be offered by tbe Society for 185i>. 



The election of Dr. E Iward Hartst. in, Professor of Agri- 

 culture in the K«>yal Academy of Poppelsdorf, as an 

 Honorary Member of the Society. 



The dt livery of Professor Way's Lecture on tbe Pro- 

 duction of Butter, on tbe 16th of May; and bis 

 Lecture on tbe use of Fish as Manure, on the 13th of 

 June, before tbe Members in the Council Room of tbe 

 Society, at 12 o'clock on each of those days. 



These recommendations were unanimously adopted by 



4 he Council. 



Chemical Committee. — Sir John Johnstone presented 

 the report of the Chemical Committee, stating the progress 

 of the researches, undertaken by direction of the com- 

 mittee, and carried on by Professor Way, in his new 

 laboratory, 15, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square. 

 This report was adopted, and an order made that the 

 amount of the grant for the year ending the 1st May, 

 should be placed at the disposal of the committee. 



Carlisle Meeting. — Mr. Fisher Hobbs presented the 

 Report of the General Carlisle Committee, announcing 

 the arrangement of the programme for that occasion, 

 and its preparation for distribution. 



Stbam-power Conditions. — Mr. Raymond Barker 

 submitted the following recommendations, which were 

 adopted : 



1. Stem-engine Pumps.— That no force-pump must be fitted 

 with more than two valves, which must be of easy 

 access. That if two pumps be fitted for the same 

 engine, no more than one be allowed to work at the 

 same time. 

 Reaping- Machines. — That the Society find horses for the 

 trial of the reapers, but that exhibitors may, if they 

 think proper, send their own horses for that purpose. 



Steward of Implements. — On the motion of Mr. 

 FUher Hobbs, seconded by Mr. Hamond, Sir Archibald 

 JKeppel Macdonald, Bart., was appointed Steward Elect 

 of Implements for the Carlisle Meeting. 



Country Meeting op 1856. — The Report of the 

 Inspection Committee having been read, the Council 

 received a deputation from Chelmsford, consisting of 

 the following gentlemen :— Mr. Burch Western (Chair- 



2. 



quently, indeed generally, restricted from the sale of root 

 crops and all straw. Now he could, particularly in the 

 neighbourhood of large towns, often sell the former for 

 milch cows for much more than they are worth for 

 feeding purposes ; and it frequently happens that he 

 could sell his excess of straw for 40s. or 50s. a ton, which 

 he is able to convert only into manure, very inferior in 

 value to that which he might purchase with the price of 

 his roots and straw. 



Jvdftng from observations made in the Mark Lane Express, 

 many farmers prefer a good tenant-right agreement to a long 

 lease. I cannot, however, think that preference is by any means 

 general. It is true by the effect of such an agreement a farmer 

 might be reimbursed for any outlay of improvement in the event 

 of his being ejected from his "farm ; but I should call that but a poor 

 compensation. In no trade can a man change his locality with- 

 out a heavy loss, and that is particularly true of farmers. Every 

 farmer must know the reason why. Besides which, if times are 

 good, as I hope they will continue to be, it is not an easy thing 

 for a farmer to rind a farm to suit him. A shop-keeper, or a 

 manufacturer, has obviously much greater facilities of locomo- 

 tion. Farmers, too, are more likely to have strong local attach- 

 ments, and if there were no pecuniary loss in moving from among 

 his friends and connections, it would be with a great sacrifice of 

 comfort that he would begin the struggle of life again surrounded 

 only by strangers. However, those who prefer a good tenant- 

 right agreement will, of course, get it if they can; but I repeat, 

 that in my opinion, a farmer possessed of capital, which he 

 desires to lay out on the land, would prefer a long lease to any 

 other security. A friend of mine, Mr. John Bullar, a conveyancer 

 in extensive practice in town, has informed me that there are ; in 

 the Lothiaus, leases, known as Lord Kaimes' leases. They are 

 for a very long term— I think 999 years— determinable at sep- 

 tennial periods, by the tenant only, by a seven years 1 notice. 

 Every seven years the rent is increased. I presume there is a 

 sufficient provision for the landlord's protection. Whatever may 

 be the advantage of such leases, I think it very unlikely that 

 demises for so long a term would be adopted in England. Few 

 landlords would like so completely to part with their interest in, 

 and control over, their land. In the Lothians agriculture is 

 very much assimilated to the manufacturing procedure. On all 

 the farms of any size there is a steam-engine— of course, with its 

 invariable long chimney ; and on a great many gas is made, by 

 the light of which the labourers work in the long winter even- 

 ings. I should imagine that such a country must have almost 

 lost its rural appearance. Whether we shall ever arrive at such 

 business-like proceedings it is difficult to say; 5f we ever do, 

 though the land may gain in productiveness, it will lose in the 



picturesque. 



Mr. Wyatt referred to the system of Nottingham, 

 where the custom was that the outgoing tenant was to 

 be paid for what he left, and then he left the farm in 

 such a state that his successor could cultivate it with the 

 best advantage. In that county they had handed the 

 system down from father to son. Mr. Wyatt then read 

 the communication to which he had before referred, sent 

 to him by a friend in answer to his inquiries. The 

 letter was dated from the vicinity of Nottingham, and 

 was as follows : — 



■ 



" I have been desired by Mr. Potts, of JCalverton, to acquaint 

 you with our system of valuing tenant-right in this neighbour- 

 hood. In the first place, we pay for all labour done on Turnip 

 land or summer fallows, together with the average rent and rates 

 of the farm, Turnip seed, and hoeing, and for all purchased 

 manures and carriage, and for the labour of manure being the 

 produce of the farm, deducting therefrom one-half the value of 

 the Turnip crop when consumed on the land by sheep, and the 

 whole when drawn off to the yards or consumed by cattle pro- 

 vided the manure belongs to the tenant, but if it Belong to the 

 landlord only one-half is deducted, whether it is consumed on the 

 land or in the yards. The allowance for bones is for three crops 

 of corn or Grass in Bixths ; after a crop of Turnips we allow the 

 whole cost and carriage; after one crop of corn or Grass mown 

 2-6ths is deducted without carriage; after one crop of corn or Grass 

 mown and one year's pasture half; and after one crop of corn and 

 two years' pasture 4-6ths; and after two crops of corn or Grass mown 



just demands against the landlord, 

 such terms that the public cannot say, « You don't act 

 upon fair principles by having your settlement in i 

 county court." 



Proposal for Farm Lease under a New Arrangement, ichneb} (k 

 Landlord should obtain immediate possession by arbitration :- 

 Lease for Seven, Fourteen, or Twenty-one years, determinable by 

 either party giving two years' notice (in writing) prerioui to 

 the expiration of either of the before-named periods. 

 Upon entry, the landlord and tenant both to be represented by 

 their agents, or valuers, who shall inspect the farm, and tgw 

 upon the general state thereof between themselves, or by umpir- 

 age, and sign a written statement of the condition, &c. of tid 

 field, or parcel of land, and also of the state of the farm- building 



&c. as to repairs. 



The tenant to be allowed to cultivate the land, as regards na- 

 tion of cropping, &c. as he may deem most advantageous duriaf 

 the whole term, except in the last two years of the lease, vWkr 

 determined by notice or otherwise, during which two setftu m 

 land shall be managed and cropped according to the ««■««• 

 rotation, or Norfolk, system of cropping, viz.-one- fourth puts 

 be fallowed and seeded for roots, &c. to be fed on the ' »nnj» 

 fourth to be sown with Barley or Oats; one- fourth to J* sennit 

 Clover and Grass; and the remaining fourth part to be sownwia 



Wheat. , t . itnAf _, 



The tenant to be allowed to sell hay and straw, except .dun* 

 the last two years of the term ; and, on leaving, to be paid QJ m 

 landlord for haulm and fodder at consuming price, ana jarw 

 at market value, or at consuming price, upon the same pnnnpw. 

 at the same ratio as the tenant paid upon entry. 

 Repairs to be done by the tenant, the landlord finding cm 



The tenant, upon leaving, to be paid for seed »n* ta ^2 

 purchased manures, from which he has derived no beuent, m 



full value. , ., %__,_§ Hi** 



The tenant to receive from the landlord the value §f w 



hausted manures and improvements at quitting, accomwf « 



rates named in the annexed schedule :— .^ 



Rule 1. Purchased manure, either town, yard, or otner ^ 



posed manures, to be charged over two years : nrst year, 



the pound ; second, 65. v a «rwlovfftfi 



2. Bone manures used for Turnips, &c, to be cbargeao « 



years : first year, 205. in the pound ; second, 8s. T j- fc.. 



3. Superphosphate of lime, guano, Ac, used lor iw g^. 

 to be charged over two years : first year, M$. w "» r— 



second, 65. _ •__ . „ j.v fl w reir * 



4. Grain, Pulse, Linseed, or oilcake, fed during the m .^ 

 the tenancy, by fatting stock or sheep, to be charged 



pound. ,j tatecbnK* 



5. Lime, if used by itself or with common mould, w« 



over two years : first year, 20s. in the pound ; s ^";» ot r id 



6. Chalk, if done by consent of the landlord, tne q ^ k 

 price per acre to be first agreed by landlord ana ^,1; 

 charged over five years : first and second years, tvr. 



third. #• 



third, 15s. ; fourth, 105. ; fifth, 5j. tenant*** 



7. Draining (where the landlord finds tiles, ine ^ ., & 

 the labour), to be charged over six years : first ye » ^^ 

 pound ; second, 18s. ; third, 16s. ; fourth, 14s. ; Wtn, w- ^^ 



8. Pipe or tile draining, done by cons ent bet£* 

 and tenant, tenant finding everything, to ne « a^ __ 

 years: first year, 20s. in the pound; second, u»> . ^ ^ 

 fourth, 14s.; fifth, 12s.; sixth, 10s.; seventh, #., « 



ninth, 4s. ; tenth, 2*. averted into ti*£ 



9. Any hedge planted, pasture-land convert e ^ m ¥ 

 orchards or plantations made by the consent 01 



subject to valuation. . . _± #rt ft cnM_il*&* t 



10. Extra buildings required to be subject to sp~- 



.««« n f +k« irzLiv Tsw%aI rw«rr»;tto*A \I». II Warl^;^™ ' and one year's paature 3-4 ths, after which the allowance ceases. 



man of the Essex Local Committee), Mr. D YYaddiug- For Hm / we allo F w for iwocro j H lhe whole value and labour before 



ton, M.P., General Hall, Major bkinner, K.A., Mr. a crop, and half the value after one crop ; this I think too little and 



JBullock, Mr. Gurdon Rebon, Mr. Kemble, Mr. Mechi, 

 Mr. Hardcastle, Mr. Round, Mr. Parker, Mr. Batard, 



should like to increase it. For all artificial manures, such as 

 guano, Pwape-dust, superphosphate of lime, &c, one-third without 

 carriage after one crop of corn or Grass mown. For draining, 

 tiles, labour, and carriage, or any 

 their < deducting one-seventh every year. For.Linseed cake, one-fourth 



ment between landlord and tenant. for sheep. |l ^ 



11. Temporary buildings.— Any shed put t »P d , orf ft Ti^ 

 manure, &c, by the tenant, to be taken by tne j» 



tion, or be allowed to remove it. 



12. All consents to be given in ^rUing. ^ 

 19 Tf onv jiianiifa <»ria*> hp.t.ween lanUlora »■»* u _ 





and Messrs. Meggy and Chancellor (Secretaries > to the ; tiles, labour, and carriage, or any part of them for seven years, 



Committee), who favoured the Council with their 



explanations of the various local advantages possessed by' of the bill for the last two years, and in some cases one-quarter 



*i,* * x-,r.t__i t j *_- -\ i. ^ *: ~s *k1 I and l-6th. We have nearly done away with the system of 



fallowing or way-going crops, substituting in its place the above- 

 mentioned tenant-right. I recommend the manure should 

 invariably belong to the tenant, because it is much better taken 

 care of, and we value to the tenant on quitting the whole of the 

 manure which is made from the last year's produce, together with 

 all the hay and straw unconsumed, and if it is greatly in excess, 

 at a less rate. We also value any hay or fodder of previous 

 years' growth, deducting the value of manure it would be supposed 

 to make. All fixtures which belong to the tenant and have bad 

 the sanction of the landlord, must also be valued. All labour in 

 the preparation of the land for seed Wheat or other corn, with 

 the bill for Clover seed and Bowing, and all corn sown." 



13. If any dispute arise between Iftnui " l a 7 n : d i0 thfr** 6 

 ing any of the abovementioned rules cont»ineai bvflfcfc g 

 to be subject to reference, one referee to twenw ^^ .* 

 who are to choose an umpire before proceedings 



the town of Chelmsford for the country meeting of the 

 Society. On the motion of Mr. Fisher Hobbs, seconded 

 by Mr. Jonas, Chelmsford was then decided upon as the 

 place of the country meeting of 1 856, subject to the com- 

 pletion of .the stipulated engagements, and the usual 

 .agreement to be entered into by the authorities of the 

 town with the secretary of the Society. 



Country Me ting of 1859.— The Council then pro- 

 ceeded to determine the district of the country meeting 

 four years in advance ; and Mr. Wren Hoskyns having 

 Alluded to the great increase of transit accommoda- 

 tion, furnished by the gradual completion of the railway 

 .system of the country, eapeciahy in the feounty >t 

 Warwick, and the other central counties Jof England, 

 since the Society held its country meeting at Oxford in 

 1839, it was carried, on the motion of Mr. Fisher 

 Hobbs, seconded by Mr. Thompson, that the Country 



it* 



Mr 



decision shall be final. . 1 A\aMLt0^ j 



After a lengthened conversational^ Z^&a*** d 

 Spooner said their subject was the co, .^ ^ 

 agricultural leases, but they had di«rg ; ,^1* 

 others. The object is to have sue ^^f**! 

 down as conditions of the lease as shouio i rf tf aj 

 to the landlord and the tenant, ana , dft a(»*_ 

 country at large, the aim being that tne c beK ^ 

 be as good in fhe last as in the hrst year j' **• 

 tu A:-» .f tt,. W meeting had t»o ooj ^, 



Mr. Blundell said, with regard to the statements 

 made in the communication read by Mr. Wjatt, let 

 them not he misled by the system of Nottinghamshire. 

 What were they met to consider \ A proposition was 

 made by Mr. Gale, to provide a remedy ior the land- 

 lord for what was being done wrong by the tenant ; and 

 a compensation to the tenant for the unexhausted 



The subject at the last meeting had two ".^^ 

 recommendation of an Act of P" 1 "^ ben^JJl 

 a recommendation to make an »g re * , .„ t be &"*: 



lord and tenant The first was 

 to get rid of a bad tenant who 

 could out of the land, and t 

 verished condition ; or that was 



to enaow - ^j fee 

 wanted to g*'^ 



then leave * » J* 

 unable ffigfo 



do justice to himself or his ] f'^ b i e une __% 

 seemed to consider it was not ^^ ,„d fri^J 

 should have the power, for »o«ne •"» . - *h»» C 

 reason perhaps, to dispos se« 



some 



tbe tenant, 



