THE GARDE Ni;R 



CIIRONICLI 



ESSR 



NEW PLANTS. 



VOUELL and CO. beg 



follow in 



to offer the 



Win 



i rU EMPEROR NAPOLEON; a Seedling of our own, 

 C *^ •Henderson's Model," but larger, brighter coloured, 



__ if 



^^llrfm EMPRESS "EUGENIE; another of our Seedlings, 



Mlden yellow, the flower stems stout, as they need be, 

 !*th0 verv large trusses of flowers produced by this 



CHOICE CINERARIA SEED. 



« Henderson s Moaei, ouu»i^'» unguiei coiuuicu, 

 L Pverv respect; of good habit, and one of the very 



m e ,L:^ T« -niHvatinr.. 7 s. 6d. each. 



H ffpp"* _ ^abit "is robust, flowers large, and well formed. 



The usual discoun t to the trade . 



VERBENA" "MRS. FOSTER" 



white variety, raised by Mr. Edmonds, gardener 



we confidently assert, the finest ever offered, 



_ _, , " A ite Verbenas " what " Robinson's 



v *s to the scarlet varieties which preceded it. It was 



_.j_n-_ to the National Floricultural Society, and favourably 



■ rWArQW fortunately the blooms were so much damaged in 



. t ., ,,.,„__ _* __ _____ fuUy 



ed, the 



the 



This fine 

 t . - ratby Hall, 



pre*e 



butuii 



taw 





is to preclude the possibility of its bein* 



The babit of the plant is all that can be desir ._, 



! <_df rfl flowers (which are produced in profusion) large and flat, 

 ilSandindual flowers round and of good substance, resembling 

 of those fine Pliloxes lately introduced, and of the purest 

 white. Strong plants 5s. each, and one over to the trade when 



*^ * Vou ell & Co.; Royal Nursery, Great Yarmouth. 



"" 4 " u "f V 3 ,; ^" B • a wim great care lrom tL e nnest varieties 

 The great satisfaction which their Cinerarias have Riven ^ 

 several successive years, enables them to recommend their Seed 

 of the present season with much confidence. Packets sealed and 

 warranted by them at 2s. 6d., free bv post. 

 E xeter Nurser y, Exeter.—] ablished 1720. 



LTHE PAMPAS CRASS "CYNERIUM ARCENTEUrvT^"" 

 UCOMBE, PINCE, and CO. have a fine bed thy 



.__ ? *_ _ this , h, " gbly ° rn amental Plant, weU established in 



pots, and fit to send out immediately. It is universale admitted 

 that few plants produce a more beautiful effect than this gigantic 

 y™ ss \ , See }\oodcut and description of it in the Gardener* 

 Chronicle of .November 4th, 1854. Sizes, prices, and all parti- 

 culars may be had on application to I.ucombe; Pj.vce, & Co 



^ TTmmrt ITALIAN RVt-GKAbS SEED. 



S^™^/^ D „A 0NS ! J* eadin ?- having in anticipa- 



tion of the present great demand for this invaluable article 



SPLENDID NEW GERANIUM. 



DENNIS'S ALMA, the very first in its class. 

 Habit, very robust and bushy, flowering in the same pro- 

 pyl as" Alba multiflora," more early and better for forcing; 

 the flowers are produced in umbels of 6 to 12 on very strong foot- 

 ittJkft, which require no artificial support, and the flowers last a 

 cowMerable time after they are all open. Colour, bright rosy 

 e riniion,with large dark spots, and in shape it resembles " Dennis's 

 perfection. Large strong Plants, just opening their flowers, in 

 6 to8-inch pots, 105. to 15s. each ; in 4 or 5-iach pots, 5s. to 7s. 6d. 

 A few extra large Plants, 21s. each. 



Set the remarks on the above Geranium, aa exhibited at the 

 Horticultural Society's Meetings, in this Paper, and the "Cottage 

 G* May 15th. A specimen bloom sent to parties 

 nothing it on receipt of three postage stamps. Post Office 

 orders, on Chelsea, payable to William Dennis, King's Road, 

 t sea. London. 



1>0BERT PARKER begs to inform his friends 



* * and the public that his New Spring Catalogue containing 

 DMcriptive and Priced Lists of the following : — 

 Exotic Orchids | Roses in pots [varieties 



Jr \-rns— stove, greenhouse, and Dahlias — show and fancy 



hardy Fuchsias 



Geraniums— ahow/ancy,scarIet, Selaginillas or Lyeopodiums 



variegated, and hybrid bed- Gloxinias 



ding varieties Cinerarias 



Calceolarias—bedding varieties 

 Verbenas 



Miscellaneous bedding plants 



&C..&C. 



Extract of a Letter from Dr. Liisdley : 

 "Messrs. Sutton,— We have alnady made trial of 

 your Lawn Grass Seeds, and it is but jus/ice to say they 

 have proved the lest we have mm for many years. 

 tl __ . (Signed) « John Lindley. 



Horticultural Society, 21, Regent Street, London, Nov. 9, 1853." 

 Messrs. Sutton are continually receiving similar letters of 

 commendation of their Lawn Grass Seeds. Price of seed, Is. 3d 

 per lb., 3s per gallon, or 21s. per bushel, carriage free, except 

 very small quantities. The quantity required is 40 lbs. per acre, 

 tor forming new lawns, or from 10 to 20 lbs. per acre for improving 

 old lawns. r ° 



Sutton's GRASS SEEDS for forming Permanent 

 Pasture, 24s. to 30s. per acre; Sutton's RENOVATING 

 MIXTURE for Improving Old Pastures, 9d. per lb. 



John Sutton & Sons, Seed Growers, Reading, Berks. 

 N.B. No Agents appointed. 



Chrysantbem urns— large flower- 

 ed, and Poznpone varieties 

 Feiiinias 



Aniinhimims 



M 



CARNATIONS AND PICOTEES. 



U po- ready and can be had Post-free on application. 

 Paradise Nursery Hornsey Road, Holloway, London. 



A 



of the stock originally intended for their own blooming, at 21s. 

 per dozen pairs. 



They are fine strong plants, and may be either turned out into 

 the borders immediately, or repotted without suffering the least 

 check, a manifest advantage at this season. 



Royal Nursery, Great Yarmouth. 



kf the hundred 21s. : 

 Calceolaria 



Kitrembergias 

 raniuras, scarlet 



., other varieties 

 Fuchsia 



Heliotropes 

 Phloxes 





Senecio 



Cuphea 



Oenothra 



Dahlias 



Verbenas 



Gaillardias 





Anagallis 



Salvias 



Petunias 



Chrysanthemums 

 Double crimson 

 Rockets, 6s. perdoz. 

 Lobellias 



Antirrhinums 



Abo _ Tjim e«a xi C iB ?, rarias Anurrnmums 



iIpI „ fl0ra , bunda ' Tropaoolum tricolor and Jarrati, 

 ine . alba pleno Clematis azurea grandiflora and 



1 to 5 feet K/T r m ' A 1 raUCaria and Ceda ' Deod * ra > fr0 ™ 

 Cimalu \L\^jt lh x m lancif £ !ia ' ^ea, rubra and 'alba, 

 d". Phlox^td' ^^f± Fuchsias, Geraniums, Holly-' 



SATURDAY, MAY 26, 1855. ' 



meetings for the ensuing week. 



Saturday, June 2— Crystal Palace Horticultural Fete. 



**e* 



g_»ta). 

 fin 





*t L— \n«_r- « * l _7 , Jf 1C ltu,R * 1 approved Kinas (own 



•<Junca^^ e n d E « tablisl '"^n t> Cottingham, Hull 

 ^j^nction Street, Abm. Mabtix & Son, Proprietor/. 



^ D S°-' s nUGHT COMPOSITION, 



m- 



PAGE 



*»e. which havtcanS? ° f ^ Coia P°"tion in a warm 



**^es or the!? a'lnt a -n aU ,r h ° haVe P rocured such *™» 

 ««■ SntULai^ K - W1 ' all0 7 the 1'^tJtyto be sent 



o" ford fl£l? J. Mt ro«ted their agents accordingly. 



P kP v — "^ ,0, - a St «it, Southampton, May 26. 



«d owes houskVlSt^I -\w2^' vin /' 8 ' st 9 vk 





*^«to Bake"four'>.U~ A ?Ps:5?, tra & ^-^- P" f^Uotl, 

 After f nn r«.:.r. 6 " I,uusan ti upwards carriage free to London. 



4 Nation Street! 



*V&*S ,, h ,ta,d, 'Hr 



and Barrels extra). Directions for 

 . ■ 'our vears' ?vier^~ upwards carriage free to London. 

 £^in*don? the Z ZnT-^ 7 ?t most eminent Gardeners 



?»08lfi5g '2! 0nt l, 0f Vagk & Co ' a BLIGHT 



_??^ general use Tr U 5p« f 0,la ^ e ' ***&** only a trial to 

 fi F ^GroweV_£^ to which Plant 



**» or foliage) an d r,rn^- (with( 5 ut ^w««g the most delicate 



•*two H J fw PTOmotin ^ a ^xuriant growth. 



Be*_»__ fi C . an n ^. w ^ obtained of 



Mr. J. Perkins, Northampton 

 Mr. \V. F. Smith, RIvershead 



Nursery, Sevenoaks 

 M«wrs. Wnod A Inirram, Nur- 



series, Huntingdon 

 Mr. Baskerville, Bristol 

 Mr. Burham, Hastings [north 

 Messrs. Leake & Smith, Bridge- 

 Mr. Davison, St. Peter's Sti t, 



Hereford [Herts. 



Mr. W. Gnrraway, TVelwrn, 

 Mr. Thos.Cridland, Willington. 



near Taunton 



Mr. Henry Home, Market Place, 

 Henley-on-Thames [Bourn 

 Mr. R. M. Mills, Market Place 

 Mr. Husbands, Talbot Street 

 Nottingham 



Mr. Caparn, Seedsman, Newark 



Mr. John Cattell, Seedsman, 



Westerham 



Mr. Morgan, Nursery, Kidder- 

 minster 



Messrs. Ivory & Son, Nursery- 

 men, Dorking and Reigate 



Messrs. W. Drummond & Sons 

 Dawson Street, Dublin 



Messrs. Mappleback & Lowe, 

 Birmingham 



Mr W. Bower, Moorgate House. 



Last Ret rd 

 Mr James Alien, sen., Bothwell 



The GRiTTiNESs of Pears is the chief circum- 

 stance which diminishes their value at the dessert. 

 Some are more subject to the affection than others ; 

 but all are occasionally deteriorated by it. The 

 proximate cause is known to consist in the deposit 

 of hard matter in certain cells of the flesh, analogous 

 in all respects to that which gives its bony texture 

 to the stone of Plums, Cherries, &c. In all these 

 cases the tissue is originally soft and pulpy, and if 

 it were to remain so the whole of a Plum would be 

 as perfectly eatable as a berry of the Grape. But 

 in stone fruits gritty matter is gradually deposited 

 within the pulpy cells of the lining of the flesh, as 

 constantly and naturally as phosphate of lime 

 in the gelatinous tissue of the bones of animals. 

 In the Pear, on the contrary, there is no special 

 part set aside for the reception of the grit, which 

 manifests itself accidentally here and there among 

 the soft flesh, sometimes in large sometimes in small 

 quantities. In fact, in the Pear the grittiness may 

 be regarded as an unnatural secretion, induced by 

 unknown causes, while in stone fruits it is part and 



•xotic Nur- 



[cester 

 Son, Glou- 



parcel of their nature. 



We say induced by unknown 

 not aware that any attempt has 

 out of what circumstances the 

 by what it is diminished or prevented, 

 now, however, assured that it is entirely owing to 

 the exposure of the Pear fruit to too much 



the 16th of last 



causes, for we are 

 been made to show 

 grittiness arises, or 



We are 



notonous that the ;, ctions in que,tiuiTar^r^t 

 common with Peat, on open standards or exposed 

 ^> the east and south, the quarters whence (at 

 Clermont) the coldest rains always come. V 



I he manner in which M. DkLaville protects big 

 Pears is thus described :— As soon as the fruit is 

 completely set he encloses every cluster in a cornet 



™TRSn xe TK t0 the top of the stalk h y a P iece * f 



rush (last). This cornet must be large enough to 

 Sf he ^PPer part, so as to guard the fruit 

 perfectly from the direct action of exterior agencies. 

 If a tree is trained to a wall the same degree of 

 protection is not necessary, because the wall affords 

 a natural shelter on one side, but where pyramid or 

 other openly trained trees have to be dealt with the 

 cornet must be very wide, and the small end placed 

 upwards, so as to leave nothing uncovered except the 

 bottom of the fruit stalk. k 



These cornets remain in their places during the 

 whole season, and are not disturbed till about a 

 fortnight before gathering, at which time they are 

 removed, in order to give the fruit colour and to 

 complete the ripening, "just as Peaches and Grapes 

 are unleafed a short time before gathering them." 

 M. Delavillk concludes by assuring the public 

 that by this simple method his whole crop of Pears 

 is very fine, instead of a third or more being un- 

 marketable, as is often the case. 



The effect of these precautions should certainly be 

 tried here, now that Pears are getting into the con- 

 dition when paper cornets are first applied. 



The Honorary Secretary of the Torbay Horticul- 

 tural Society has invented a very useful instrument 

 for gardeners, which he calls a Self-registering 

 Hygrometer. 



It is needless to say that the hygrometrical condi- 

 tion of the air is as important to the horticulturist 

 as the thermometrical ; and it is desirable that the 

 instruments used in determining either humidity or 

 temperature should be self-registering, in order that 

 we may ascertain their condition, not only at the 

 moment of observation, but also their fluctuations 

 during any preceding period. 



Self-registering thermometers have long been in 

 general use, with the most beneficial results, but no 

 self-registering hygrometer has hitherto been con- 

 structed, and those which- have been adopted for 

 time observations have either been very imperfect, 

 or not sufficiently simple and inexpensive for horti- 

 cultural purposes. 



The new instrument which Mr. Vivian submitted 

 on the 8th inst. to the Horticultural Society, and 

 from whose report this account is chiefly taken, 

 is a combination of Leslie's wet-and-dry-bulb 

 hygrometer and the differential thermometer, with 

 steel indexes, which may be adjusted either by 

 gravitation or the magnet. The degree indicated by 

 the spirit or index in the tubes is the amount of 

 difference between the temperature of the air and 

 evaporation ; when it stands at zero (0) the air is 

 completely saturated, and the sensible humidity of 

 the air becomes less as this difference increases. 

 Thus, observes Mr. Vivian, in an Orchid house the 

 instruments should never register more than 1° or 2 Q , 

 whilst Ericas will require 8 C or 10°. 



For meteorological purposes the actual humidity 

 may be readily ascertained from Mr. Glaisher's 

 tables, or the dew r point may be approximately 

 deduced by doubling the amount of difference 

 between the wet and dry bulb. For instance, if the 



' whilst the ther- 



ardener at the 

 Clermont (Oise), 



2 * Son, c 3 

 ^STslt \aird Sent] 





J^-M "'•£" [bury 



£j5. Bath S ° n ' Canter " 



s 



ajj* m™ 1 - s t- John' 



»25' v *Uch l h |? ord . Beds 

 6_- H CA "-E^ter 



exposure 

 cold. It appears that on 

 November, Mr. A. Delaville, 

 Chateau de Fitz- James, near 

 exhibited before the Imperial Horticultural Society 

 of Paris some St. Germain Pears, a part of which 

 were covered with spots and full of grittiness, while 

 the others were remarkable for their beauty, and 

 wholly exempt from grittiness. We are assured 

 that both samples came from the same tree, and 

 that the only difference consisted in the fine ones 

 having been protected, while the others had been 



without any shelter. In 



below 

 dew 



exposed to the weather 

 fact, Mr. Delaville is of 



and the internal 



opinion that the external 



grit tine were wholly 



which had fallen on the 





spots 



caused by the cold rain 



fruit during its growth, and had arrested the free 



circulation of sap. 



With reference to this hypothesis, he remarks 

 that the sorts which are most subject to spotting 

 (tavelage) and grittiness are those which have the 



finest skin, such as the St. Germain, Crasanne, 

 Brown Beurre, and Winter Bonchretien. The 

 effect of aspect also supports this view, it being 





reading of the hygrometer is 5 

 mometer is 50°^ the dew point will be 45°, 

 which fog, rain, or the precipitation of 

 will occur. 



As a weather-glass the instrument promises to be 

 also very useful, as without a knowledge of the 

 hygometrical condition of the atmosphere the baro- 

 meter is of little service. 



The instrument, as exhibited by Mr. Vivian, 

 although imperfectly and hastily constructed, ap- 

 peared highly deserving of especial notice, and 

 received an honourable mention, as it well deserved ; 

 for hitherto, we believe, there has been no instru- 

 ment for registering the extremes of dryness or 

 moisture— a point of the utmost importance in 

 exotic culture. 



We understand that perfect instruments are 

 nearly ready for sale, and we fully anticipate their 

 being soon re nled as not less essential in gardens 

 than the thermometer itself. No care being re- 

 quired in their use, nor any quick and dexterous 

 observation, the indications of Mr. Vivian's hygro- 

 meter may be read off with as much facility as those 

 of the thermometer itself, which is a point greatly 

 in its favour. _ 



In Dr. Sciimitz's admirable translation of Nie- 

 buh] > " Lectures on Ancient History,* occurs the 

 following passage (vol. 1, p. 16): "Man was first 

 created at Babylon : corn there grew wild, and the 



new race of beings there found the first necessary 



