THE GARDENERS 



CHRONICLE 



i^eruo. ut wor*** **»>-* =*** »-eno ex t- J reely .whenever the weather _ adn ; it f , and 



ence as objects ; and every writer it-els obliged to notice 



all because he has not the means of separating the 



riJorouhlv-defiued and well-founded species from the 



pseudo aud unsubstantial articles. It results from this 



falBe position of the science, that when a student, with 



his objeel in band, consults the authorities, he finds 1" 



*!r 12 others so nearly resembling his, that he becomes 



bewildered in the mazes of distinctions, often without 



use every 



differences, despairs of identifying his object, and per- 

 haps retires altogether from a rational and highly im- 

 portant pursuit, under the idea that the science is full 

 of perplexities, which he. as a tjro, has neither time 

 nor inclination to unravel." 



Miscellaneous. 



A -them Region of Russia.— « In the extreme north 

 the corn is sowed and reaped in a few weeks. It is 

 remarkable that the further north corn can be made to 

 thrive, the shorter is the period of time in which it 

 comes to maturity ; it has also been observed that corn 

 grown in the extreme north, when used as seed in a 

 southern country, gives its first produce more speedily, 

 ripening in a much shorter time, although at a second 

 towing it loses this quality," p. 3-17. "The heat and 

 vivifying influence of the sun, and the quantity of 

 organic matter, call into existence a prodigious amount 

 of insect life, which is the case even where the water 

 drowns the larger plants. Clouds of mosquito?, so large 

 and dense that their humming can be heard for many 

 miles, rise frequently into the air like huge columns of 

 smoke. E ve ry* be r* in the woods the number of large 

 bluebottle flies" and other insects renders one's passage 

 through them quite m.-iddening, and explains why' the 

 elk, the rein-deer, and the bear, Spend most of the day 

 phi n -ed up to the neck in the pools of the forests, or 

 wallowing in its mire. The further northward one 

 travels, the more annoying these tormentors grow." 

 P. 348, v. I, 2d edit, 184.5.— Revelations of Russia in 

 1814, by an English Resident. 



.Calendar of Operations. 



{ftlf l kt W*vilig week.) 



tLAtfT DEPARTMENT. 

 It is a very common practice in the management of 

 the show-house to huddle the plants thickly together 

 in order to produce a dense mass of bioom ; but this 

 should never be done with hard-wooded plants, espe- 

 cially at this season when they are starting into growth, 

 and most things, if they are to be of any farther ser- 

 vice, require a fair thare of light and air while in 

 bloom. Valuable specimens of hard-wooded things, 

 particularly Heaths, should be frequently examined, 

 turning them partly round in order that their shoots 

 may be equally exposed to the light ; and if anything 

 appears to be suffering from confinement, it should be 

 removed at once to more airy quarters. Should the 

 weather continue bright, the beds and borders of this 

 homo will require a liberal supply of water to keep 

 them properly moist ; and the soil about strong-growing 

 plants should be occasionally examined to see that it is 

 not too dry towards the bottom of the bed, for the 

 amount of moisture absorbed by such things at this 

 season is much greater than inexperienced persons are 

 apt to imagine. Greenhouse. — Now that many of the 

 inmates can with safety be removed to the open plant 

 ground, where they will do quite as well or better 

 during summer than under glass, there will be no neces- 

 sity for crowding the specimens left ; therefore see that 

 *x.very plant stands quite clear, so that all its parts may 

 4 be fully exposed to light and air. In placing green- 

 "house plants out of doors, care should be taken not to 

 rashly expose them to bright sunshine, particularly if 

 they are at all tender through having been kept close, 

 or are in a growing state. Indeed, the plant ground 

 should be so situated that the plants will not be 

 exposed to the mid-day sun, for few things in pots will 

 do much good if exposed to the full force of the 

 summer's sun. Stove. 



■Where J this house is prin- 

 cipally used to furnish a supply of flowering plauts 

 for the summer and autumn decoration of the con- 

 servatory, some foresight and care will be necessary 

 in order to have the thing9 in a fit condition for 

 removal to the conservatory when they may be wanted 

 there ; for until the weather becomes warmer than 

 it has hitherto been this summer, plants must not be 

 removed from a warm close moist atmosphere to a ccol 

 airy house without some preparation. And plants that 



means to preserve the foliage in health. Keep the Vines 

 thin, and prevent their being encumbered with useless 

 laterals, and remove any decaying leaves immediately 

 they are perceived, which, when left, only serve as 

 nurseries tor insects. There is yet a fair chance of 

 obtaining a good crop in 'dung frames, and if any of 

 the frames which have been used for getting up the 

 bedding out stock can be spared for this purpose, the 

 beds should be made and the plants got in without loss 

 of time. Very little artificial heat will be necessary at 

 present', and the bed should not be made to heat too 

 strongly, otherwise there will be time lost before the 

 plants can be safely put in. The bed should be made 

 high enough, however, to allow of applying a lining, if 

 necessary, later in the season, but this will be easily 

 managed by making the bed some two feet high with 

 any useless material which will not ferment, and placing 

 upon this sufficient well worked stable dung to afford a 

 gentle heat. 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



The weather during the last ten days has been very 

 favourable for the newly planted-out stock and well 

 prepared plants, which have only been planted this 

 time, are rooting into the fresh soil freely, and those 

 who delayed planting out until the first week in June, 

 and were then prepared with strong plants in good 

 condition, will probably have their beds covered before 

 those who planted out earlier ; should the weather con- 

 tinue dry and warm, however, the plauts must be regu- 

 larly attended to with water, for it will not do to leave 

 them to take their chance because they have made a 

 few roots since planting out. But daily waterings will 

 not be so essential now that the plants have made some 

 progress at the root, as the increased root action will 

 balance the extra drain upon the system of the plant 

 resulting from full exposure to sun and air ; but the 

 soil must be well supplied with water until the beds are 

 fairly covered, by which time, if the soil is deep and 

 open as it should be, the plants will find sufficient 

 moisture in the soil. See that everything liable 

 to be injured by a sudden storm of wind is well 

 secured by pegging, or staking, as may be proper, 

 and keep the surface soil about all recently planted 

 things loose and open by frequent stirrings, 

 which will greatly assist in promoting rapid growth. 

 Where there is a large demand for cuttings for spring 

 propagation, a number of plants of each variety propor- 

 tionate to the probable demand for cuttings should be 

 selected from the reserve stock, potted in 7- inch pots in 

 light soil, and plunged in the reserve garden. These, 

 with very little attention, will make nice stocky plants 

 in course of the summer, and there is no risk of losing 

 in winter plants prepared in this way, and this can 

 hardly be said of autumn rooted cuttings of many things, 

 and by repotting and placing them in growing circum- 

 stances early in spring, each plant will furnish a large 

 number of cuttings sufficiently early to make good 

 strong plants before planting out time. Young speci- 

 mens of ornamental shrubs and trees which it is 

 desirable to get to grow rapidly should be thoroughly 

 soaked with water at once, especially coniferous plants. 

 A liberal supply during the growing season is more 

 beneficial to such things, particularly specimens on 

 lawns, than is generally understood. In proof of this the 

 authority of Mr. Barron may be cited, and probably no 

 man has had as much experience in the management of 

 out-door ornamental plants, or understands it better ; 

 and he regularly practised not watering, but flooding 

 valuable specimens during their growing season, and 

 states that the large Araucariaat Elvaston Castle, which 

 under this treatment had made something like 2 feet of 

 growth a season was altogether neglected with water one 

 year, and made hardly any perceptible progress that 

 year. 



HARDY FRUIT and KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Trees that have not got fully established since replant- 

 ing witl be benefited by mulching over their roots, 

 which will prevent rapid evaporation, and keep the soil 

 in a healthy state as to moisture. And the same atten- 

 tion will be useful to trees in shallow borders, especially 

 Peaches and Nectarines, which are very subject to the 

 attacks of mildew if allowed to get too dry at the root 

 in summer. Where it can be procured, a thin coat of 

 half rotten leaves should be used for mulching, and in 

 the case of trees inclined to weakness, a portion of good 

 ' rotten dung might be mixed with the leaf soil, and would 

 I be of great service in strengthening the trees. Do not 



STATE OF THE WfcATflEK AT CHISWIcK * 



For the w eek eudin* June 14, 1SS5. n* o barred V t \t Hori* , L ° 5 fi 



June. 



Krid*y 8 

 Satur. 9 

 Sunday 10 

 M on. . II 



Tues. 12 



Wed. IS 

 Thurs. U 



AvpTflgre . 



c ** 



c * 



a 



•23 



24 

 » 

 26 



27 



28 



ft 



Babombtir, 



Max. 



i'9.9 I 1 

 3«UN9 

 30.227 

 30.19b 



311.K17 



£9.6ffi 

 29.o 1 7 



■29.9r.fi 



M:n. 



£9.929 

 29.981 

 30.191 

 30.189 

 29.S56 



29.435 



29.485 



O! the Air. 



Kvtk 



Max. Min. J Mem V***~"S5, 



d *p. deep.: 





• 



72 

 M 



7* 



70 

 74 

 61 



4G 

 4-2 

 41 

 46 

 54 

 51 

 61 



2i.875 f fiQ.T I 47.< 



J uue 8—1 loudy ; very fine throughout. 



59.0 

 54.0 

 57.0 



».n 

 6:.o 



6-:.5 



56.0 



Sfftl 



59 



5y 



59 



5y 



II 



nS.5 5S.fi 



55 • V 



Sii.fi 



A 



aJWWr 



- is— -9 ery nne ; overcast ; clear at niicht. 



- 13— Ui.zy ; overcast ; heavy rain in the eventa" 



- 14— Overcast; rain; fine; rain at night. 



Mean temperature ol the week 1$ de*j. below th* ...« 

 RECORD OF THE WEATHER AT CHlSWifT 

 Durin g the l»it 29 yeare, for t he ensuing week, endm* Jiy£a } , 



June. 



Sunday 17 



M on. IS 



Tues. 19 



W ed. 20 



Thu. 21 



Md. 22 



Satur. 23 



%> be 5 



73.0 



72.7 



71.8 

 72.5 



73.9 



72.9 



7:4.4 



55* d 



* * - 



Ml 



49.8 



50.9 



49.2 



50.7 

 51.0 



49.3 



49.4 



2- 



sa 



i> 



4) 



Sh 



frl.4 

 61.8 

 60 J i 

 61.6 

 62.4 

 61.1 

 61.4 



No. of 



Years in 

 which it 

 Rained. 



16 

 15 

 14 

 12 

 13 

 12 

 12 



(i* eaten 



Quantity 

 of Rail. 



0.80 in. 

 0.30 



0.37 



i».21 

 0.63 

 0.59 



0.44 



tmuhu * - 



\ 



4 



-vi i -.- 



The highest temperature during: the above period occurred en ike l*k 

 and :2d, 1846-therm. 93 deg.; and the lowest on the 17tb. 1*50 nJttt 

 I8>l-therm.35deg. ' ** 



i 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Books : J St. J. "We are wot surprised at your complaint*. A 

 larpe library is a great inconvenience to a small man. V 

 shrnld do -what we do, weed your book-shelves eTerr tr* «■ 

 three years, and send duplicates, or old editions, or what an 

 obsolete, to the auctioneer. It is true the price you vffl gtt 

 is low, and that there is loss to sustain; but recollect that jm 

 have had the use of the books, and the difference between 

 purchase and sale is the price you pay for thatadtantage. 



Diseases: EE. Thanks for your second supply of iptdmr 

 which arrived in good condition. The racemes o( flowers ar? 

 extremely imperfect, and a large proportion of the fevseatUttd 

 buds abortive. The branches have in fact run to tenant, af 

 your foliage is so luxuriant, it is probable that the rwti hare 

 access to improper nutriment. There is no fungus about tok 

 plants, and you must therefore look to other causes. If wen 

 wrong in our supposition you will probably be able yonniaf* 

 assign some cause from a careful consideration of tie enw 

 stances under which the Vines are placed. Since it ap**» 

 that all the Vines were somewhat overcropped, the ataalatt 

 fruiting of last year would have equally affected the wtafc 

 house, and we should scarcely expect such a complete ftfljt 

 from such a cause.— J B. There is not the least doubt th*t m 

 pitting at the lower side of the Melon where it t^jjjj" 

 ground is due to the same disease with that which basAcftd 

 the leaves you sent a fortnight since. The vine attachd * 

 the fruit is dead except close to the stalk, but it may w 

 withered since the plant was packed. The brown cititt at 

 the top of the Melon is different from anything we haw i *■ 

 before, and the subjacent flesh is differently affecttd. Ill j» 

 paler pits the walls of the cells ;.re nearly m the "' nl ^" 

 condition, but in the brown spot, which resem Dies the car- 

 of certain trees, the cell walls are greatly thickenediBd JJ 

 trated with brown matter. It seems to be a distiDctdisew 

 Both Melons and Cucumbers should be grown in a r~ ; 

 loam, without much admixture of manure, ^e fw l «» »f 

 where much manure is mixed with the soil the d 

 aggravated.- // F. Your Grapes are affected with an «g 

 va?ed form of rust, like that mentioned a ™ ; k ox : t*o ft 

 Nothing can be done for them now.-/ li M. \ oar fw •. ; 

 as we can judge from the two leaves, is a variegatea 



Mentha rotundifolia. 31. J. B. frnitii 



Eriobotrya Japonica: B. This will flower and h« fmu 

 common greenhouse if its roots have plem> ^ • 

 be treated like a Camellia. It flowers n? 1 **"^*,. 



Feather Hyacinths: EH. Your P>»»* " H*^S;tW 

 not monstrosum. The latter is a monster ot tte i^ ^^ 

 it appears that in your case, owing to altered so»,h» 

 has reverted to its natural state. befnrepert- 



Guano: Clapham. AY hat can we say which has jw .^fo 



dug in. It suits eve.ytmng ^m^ "••-"" k *«v 

 liquid manures it should be given m *«7V h vpoB 

 repeated, while plants are in a state oi fc tttTUot 



Practice of Horticulture,' cnapxer .^., 



occupied by manure. 

 Insects : K W nx "* 



«*&•** 



The insects you have sent ar * TV^ T i*r are 

 of the two sent the white ones are most in J ot — 



now full of eggs, and require immediate a tt« ^ 

 plants v. ill swarm with the active yonng. Cru aw ^ * 

 the nail is as good a receipt a s an} . £ vf ^j Jjj£ 

 neither cork nor insect m it when a rn ^jg 



dtntr. Your Peach tree is ™ft sted J^V „ way tttnfcjg 

 (Coccus Persic^) : their appearance^ s -m 8g *i 



othe twine nets, but they ^J^^^vOl^SL 



were hatched last summer. *-• - np 



m, or your trees will t™™™*^* w 

 ts were engaged ***** S^peU 



by the scule.-l/ory Elizabeth. V.TLLmir 



MP 



them, or 

 an 



M«rt 



to keep in form, 

 have a heavier 



give up the war upon insects until they are entirely eradi- 

 «. v »w M0 ^ .*« —- — w~*~ ryf — ■■ — . — ..« r ™.,« •„«** . cated, and give timely attention to the stopping of gross 

 have been grown in the stove should either be removed shoots, &c, on pyramidal and other trees which it is desired 

 ♦^ *.. t-M li-*. a. i~—a :« *u 1«„* —,i ~i x. i • , Those who are fortunate enough to 



crop of fruit set than the trees are 

 likely to bring to perfection should thin at once, in 

 order to secure fine fruit with a prospect of a crop 

 next season ; and in this neighbourhood Apples are 

 set so thickly that without thinning there will be no 

 chance of a crop next season, bee that there is 

 plenty of Peas planted for furnishing a late autumn 

 supply, and also attend to keeping up a succession of 

 French Beans, Spinach, and all kinds of salad. Where 

 it CAn be done Lettuces should be planted on a north 

 border at this season, as it is difficult, without more 

 watering than can always be afforded, to have them 

 crisp and tender in hot weather, unhss they are in a 

 cool situation. Sow Onions for drawing young for 

 salad, also Endive for autumn use, and see that there is 



to an intermediate house, or placed in the coolest end of 

 the stove. 



FORCING DEPARTMENT. 



"V in fries. — Borders that have been lately uncovered 

 should be carefully examined, and if found too dry 

 give a liberal soaking of good strong manure water from 

 the stable or farm yard tank. It will be advisable 

 however to mix the manure water with sufficient warm 

 water to bring the temperature to from 70° to 90°. 

 Take advantage of bright days to admit air freely 

 where the Grapes *»*«» *«a»— i — — j — :j — *-x — •_ 



us lor^a 



s, -™ «. v .v moisture .« 



the atmosphere by removing all plants from under 

 the V ines Attend carefully to young Vines recently 

 planted, keeping the sod about their roots in a 

 healthy ^ moist state, maintaining a moderately moist 

 atmosphere, and shading, if necessary, until the Vines 

 get & fair start, 

 swelling, endeavou 



I 



Melons. — Where the fruit is ' plenty of Parsley provided to furnish a supply in winter. 

 I keep the soil in a nice healthy •*■-•'•• 

 state as to moisture, avoiding either extreme. ~ 



trees art •**■ 



fe'.tedVuh the larse scale. See tM pr«« ^jjjtf j*a« 

 Namks of Pum : We bare been » «»» Unl « th »t« 



decline naming heaps o^'it^^B that *« "££ 

 to request our correspondents to »col « ot *« ~ 



or could have undertaken an unl ™£ s |npre e >r<*«* 

 Y«mg gardeners, to whom «^^^ w to « " ' 

 should bear in mind that, before ^^ v 

 they should exlmust their obermea^^. n . nfrr . ^ 



We cannot save them the n«»W^ 

 for themselves ; nor would be desw 

 can do is to help them-mdl'"* ™° 



requested that in tota«, gg£**»-£Zi *^= 



sent us at one tiroe.-/*- o f "% sph ne r""'"*'^, «•* 



Laurel, Daphne L^^Hvacinihus 1 belgic« S _<*&*• 

 know nothing about B>«int " t ceskrj*,!**; 



which name we ™1^^ ^ a mW*~°Z%1l£ 

 you. Its real name to SW» "^ W .p««*^5* 



Bifrenaria ™telhna.-Jtf .£• lj viril ie: 4, Jmr 

 rtila grandiflora ; 3 ^plemuro ^^» Wg 



Bl.ato.-Jr S Yates. Or.c.d «"« ^J^y of ""jS**! 



New Pea: A Salisbury ^^iZn-^^^f* 

 ahont to be mace in aeven, 1 depa ^.^ yrtgfadl* 

 * species of Pea, pecuhar to &»«£ ^ ujfau** 

 fl„!r. The oil, Hk9 tol«- " J e ir ,,„ P «»; , 



culinary purposes. It h ^r, w lt f ^£J0» ^ 

 mentation is season"! _»itli pepP d ^ ^^ 



sands of jrniks, t^ h ' f he Celestial Ewpi* ^ 



for the dim-rent parts of the w {W m 



say what «»!•«■' your bnds are attached 

 tR„*yz: G P., London. >our v \#&*** 



called fredo Hoe*.. _,__ b , s n0 reM«" , . n : l, 0fff 



Give air 



_, « x*™», *T"72 '" """"'" " 6 n PP ' y ™ WUmr ' ■ "BTO. Vour inquiry »";V,^ 



Keep the soil loose and open among all growing crops , ^^1 economy, «n d we snswe 

 by means of frequent stirrings. !...._.. 







whicli hav«. 



