

THE AGRICULTURAL ! GAZETTE 



^^ T^teoipt was made to convert their milk into cheese, 

 *^fVf rf produce was lamentably short of that obtained 

 1ii *4fT»nires. Again, in the county of Cork, especially 

 JAmpoton* land around the city of Cork, the butter 

 from a certain quantity of milk far exceeds that 

 ~1^ from an equal quantity on the alluvial pastures in 

 ■"K. hat when cheese is attempted in the former locality, 

 Ui"JJ^. been and is now being done at Castle Townsend 

 **- raambers a Scotch farmer, it falls far short of the 

 <AMdned from a cow in Cheshire. The quality is also 

 tothe English cheese. It thus appears that both the 

 fl/ttUte *nd the food they obtain have a special influence 

 •BantitT and quality of produce, sufficient, I think, to 

 ? to riadv more closely than we now do the adaptation 

 wk to the aeneral or special purposes of our farm and dairy 

 • L jj truer remark could be made than that con- 

 th« report of the Farming of Cheshire in lfcOS, by Dr. 

 ^^j ^ says: "Many attempts have been made to 

 OESm fhaifcilfc cheese in other counties, but never success- 

 r*T * g2e brought their kine from Cheshire, others their 

 iK jZn but it doth appear they should have brought 

 S^miM" About seven years ago, the late Mr. Leigh, of 

 •• ^^ |„ Cheshire, tried to bring this knowledge more 



ir control, and carried out a system of weighing a large 

 fcowf, weekly, on the principle Mr. Horsfall has now 

 tat in consequence of his death, the undertaking, 

 7 tWat waf abandoned, and I am not fully aware to what result 

 ithdjU fiir asU went. This is to be regretted, as it is only 

 Jwrtofh wch detailed researches that we can hope to acquire 

 Tnmci knowledge of the means necessary to guide us to fixed 

 tat wemte results. We know, for instance, that bone-dust 

 Mfitd to pasture land in Cheshire means an increase of cheese, 

 Stfaal coral sand in Cork, is, in reality, butter; but when we 

 lorn from Professor Way the fact that the food most rich in 

 tfct ■^Wiala composing the animal products and plants, to 

 reduction of which it is specially applied, does not pro- 

 !i them a corresponding increase of their essential in- 

 gndfeota, we see that chemistry does not yet furnish us 

 vHhixad and uniform rules for our guidance; thus Linseed and 

 :tber highly nitrogenous substances, when given to milch cows, 

 nnrdtn a greater amount of casein than they do of oleaginous 

 raitaial or batter, which is the reverse of what chemistry would 

 >ad us to eipect. Again, the phosphates when applied to the 

 mQ, increase the produce of Turnips far beyond that of Wheat, 

 iMbfugh the latter is found to contain much the largest per 

 cartage of phosphates. It is these exceptions to the conclusions 

 arrived at by the inductive reasoning of the analytic chemists 

 that require them to refer occasionally for information to prac- 

 tkal experience, and which has rendered them unable, up to the 

 present time, to remedy Clover sickness by applying to the soil 

 the ingredients necessary to build up that plant. Another ano- 

 maly Is, that of some poor pastures producing very rich milk : 

 When this If the case, we are now well aware that they must 

 rapidly become poorer, as most of the nutritive properties of the 

 food are absorbed and carried off in the milk, and the excrement 

 becomes proportionally devoid of all restorative power. The 

 revene of this produce is, however, more common; for instance, 

 on the great Billynahinch estate, Connemara, probably the 

 poorest in herbage in the three kingdoms, an experiment 

 was lately made for me, when 70 quarts of cream yielded 

 oily $H lbs. of butter, equal to 7£ ozs. per quart of cream. 

 Usring been favoured by the Irish Executive with the whole of 

 the Reports to the Commissioners of National Education in 

 Ireland, on the 33 model and 96 workhouse and other agricul- 

 tural schools in that country, I cannot fail to observe that they 

 exemplify an amount of careful and quiet investigation, espe- 



^ 7 wu ** P' 0063868 ^ which must lead to useful results, 

 ana which ought to have a parallel in England, unless we are 

 wuuDg to sllow the Irish people to outstrip us in scientific agri- 

 cultural education, The Irish occupier's great desideratum I 



M^ZtiJ 8tlted ' verball y> to be the want of suitable dairy 

 w^odation ; and few cows being held by one owner is 



of the farmer, if more geueral attention *ere paid to~iT 

 We have now the following letter, containing the balance- 

 sheet for the year, with an explanatory statement, and 

 we publish them, believing they will be read with interest 

 at the fireside of the farm-house : 



429 





Cost of Food and Rearing, Jajt. 1 to Dec. 31, 1854 



Fowl* of all Sizes, average Sixty. £ 



*ood— being Barley (in grain), barleymeal, oatmeal 

 grits, Lettuce leaves, Swede Turnips, rice and 

 milk, and liver ; all as occasion required, and with- 



T ,°" t « tillt 11 



l aid lor care and rearing them 2 



s. d. 



2 

 9 



6 

 



Balance 



13 11 6 

 5 6 8 





£18 17 



Produce for the Yeap., Jan-.I to Dec. 31, 1854. 



Fowls of all Sizes, average Sixty. £ s . 



Dorkings eggs 593 



Cochin ditto ... 700 



d. 



• • . 



• • t 



At Id. each 



• • • 



... 1293 5 7 9 



WATERPROOF PATHS. 



T BARN ANO CATTLE SHED FLOORS 

 HOSE who would enjoy their Gardens during the 



~ZV\ f i- > V KLli - whlcb are formed thus:-ScreeB the 



ri ver s\nd To'^° ! 7 Pa ? ° f CleAD S™ el *** « **«P 

 [and St Tl • **"* ° f l ucb eqMal m ^tnw add one of Por?- 



offiSHE^^ F"*« Ar BARNS, 



where a clean, hard bottom u/Mj *$£ *»»«<« 

 winter equally well as in summer. ay te iwd in 



Manufacturers of the^Cemeut J B Wntrt jl t> 

 Milbank Street, Westminster. TK * B »°th™> 



Pullets killed 



Pullets, ready for table . 



■ • ■ 



■ ■ • 



• •# 



• • ■ 



«•• 



At 3s. each 



# •• 



■ ■ • 



• 1 • 



• • • 



• • • 



62 

 28 



90 13 10 



RICHMOND & CHANDLER'S PATENT Cli VFF 

 CUTTING MACHINE. *-"***- 



kapt 



ning is 

 whose 



iw <w» • j u — J * fe ^ upwii. xi inn miiu owners, wnose 



"^ - occupied by a numerous small tenantry, the ad visa- 

 -^^ - °P tm g m , ean 8 to remedy drawbacks so seriously 



atotin* tw^V*" 6 "i™" 9 lo remeay araw backs so seriously 



•ithSr nJ t* H retUms from the Iaild the F otciipy, as 

 6r«iL, fn t. I 1 ' } Car ' L assure them ' from Personal experience 

 •SKwniS iS? Wlthwhich 1 am professionally connected, 



T*I1 



assure them, from personal experience 

 m^rn^iA u 1 which I am professionallv connected, 



twifii?-^ U „ nW J 1, I in - nes8 . on the P art * the tenants 

 ■sjwwen 



ueetOD Hflirxr f armn " v " '<=»««. in i^ngiana me appu- 



S5ed I ol ZnH ^ ge " erally libera1 ^ but few of them are 

 ™alSj' e -f C Principles/and few of the occn- 



Hndre^har.^ 11 % due a PP^ciation of what men of 

 » »na research are doing for them. Thos. Scott. 



feasor Wav's I *oh™* — T7« 1. _ ■»* 



England 



s or 

 ppli- 



W BKn ! UUI h m consequence of Professor Way 

 S wS t0 glVe evidence in a cour ^ of law 



,» Misc 



Apt 



*9 January, February, March, and 





Ggg 



37.25 

 36.12 

 36.37 

 3S.87 



) 



37.15 



41.37 

 42.62 

 36.87 

 38.37 

 37.25 



29.29 



35.87 

 38.25 



37.06 



*J5rJ lsx ^anuar^* rt »T'"«^ U44 " e xllv iast Iour montns— viz.. 

 SL^d,« )Z . to "!? 3 . lBt A P^. was »« follows :~England 

 •^^^/37^2 Scotland, 37.06. Daily Mean for the 



CJ^itnn^^^'— We noticed some time 

 ^* Potion .Jf Whlch a g en tleman who occupies a 

 J?, 1 * •»- tn ^° n§St the magistracy of this county, 

 ^. kee /J n test ' b ^ careful management, and 

 ff^imadp C f° rrect financial account, the profits 

 iL^mir of from P ^try. His purpose was not 

 65^*4 at r* 8 ^ rd8 f0r a sh ow day, often, 

 2^^ tow thU t r nSld ? rab,e P ecuniar y ^ss, but to 

 ^»»i«h* £ V mUch ne g»ected branch of rural 



e lm r*roved and extended, to the gain 



£18 17 9 

 N.B.— All the pullets weighed 3 lbs., plucked and trussed for 



the table. 



^ This account should be attended with some observa- 

 tions, so that it may be understood. In the first place 

 the cost of food only may be taken at say 1 2/. for the 

 year ; making the calculation more easy— viz., 1Z. per 

 month ; not exorbitant for the keep of 60 birds, and 

 considering the excessive price of Barley, As. 6d. and 5s. 

 per bushel, all the time, and everything in proportion. 

 This, then, gives Ad. as the cost per fowl, great and 

 small ; thus, the keep of a pullet ^ve months, when they 

 are large enough to kill, would average Is. 8d. per fowl, 

 bird for bird. Then, if the farmer or cottager bred 

 them himself, the 21. 9s. paid others for care and rear- 

 ing makes the balance 71. 1 5s. 3d. The mixture in the 

 breed between Cochin and Dorking, which, for distinc- 

 tion sake, I have called " Codors," has improved both 

 in "flavour" and "form" for the table. As to the 

 eggs, there is no month in the year when the Cochins 

 did not lay ; in November and December last the 

 Dorkings laid no eggs, but the ten breeding Cochins, in 

 those months, laid 76 eggs. The sole object of the present 

 experiment was to try what might be done by cultivating 

 these two sorts as a matter of useful economy, not to 

 breed monsters ; the medium size in animals is really 

 the best, as in fruit, as every good gardener knows. My 

 object was usefulness, and, on the whole, I am well 

 satisfied. Chelmsford Chronicle. 



All the various modern Implements of Agriculture manufac 

 tureil on the most scientific and unproved principles, suitable for 

 home use and exportation.— Address, Richmond & Chandler, 

 Salford, Manchester; and 32, South John Street, Liverpool. 



tee?" Catalogues Gratis. 









Cal 





JUNE. 



Border of the Fexs, June 16.—" The gentle rai n from heaven " 

 has come at last so abundantly as to gladden the hearts of all 

 persons with a thin plant of Wheat and scanty pastures, quite 

 turning the scale against the " highlanders, who b^pin already to 

 sound a note of alarm at the prospect of Wheat and Barley bein^ 

 " too thick upon the land/' the former of which has in some cases 

 been u topped" on account of its exuberant growth ; and, in truth, 

 vegetation of all kinds has Btarted towards maturity with a 

 celerity perfectly marvellous; the Wheat that but yesterday was 

 scarcely distinguishable in height from spring corn, with weeds 

 inconsiderable, is to-day as it were spindling 3 feet high, with 

 the weeds rank and conspicuous, defying the abortive effects of 

 women and children during the wet weather to stay their pro- 

 gress, and scarcely to diminish their number. Hardly had the 

 Hariff, Thistles, and Poppies been deemed by the watchful farmer 

 big enough to pull up, wheu they passed him at a hand gallop, 

 and he must now let too many of them remain a legacy for future 

 vigilance, or have the stems of his Wheat trodden down and 

 broken; the corn, however, must be gone over once besides the 

 hoeing, where necessary, if thick and forward. Children under a 

 kind and able gangman will clear more weeds and do less injury 

 than women, who are seldom collected in sufficient numbers to go 

 over a large field within any reasonable time. We heard this 

 day of several ears of Wheat being seen in a field near Stamford, 

 and I have found some in this neighbourhood ready to burst 

 forth; but as a postcript to this description of the extraordinary 

 change which has taken place, we regret to add that in the Fens 

 many pieces of Wheat and Oats still remain yellow and abortive, 

 and cannot recover from the mischief occasioned by the repeated 

 visitations of wind and frost, so that the gross produce of the Fen 

 districts will be seriously diminished by so many failing crops. 

 The rain has been as great a boon to the green crop as to the 

 corn. Potatoes, Carrots, and Mangold Wurzel are going on 

 splendidly, and the Turnips are everywhere springing up strong 

 and healthy. Clover seems to make amends for its long retarda- 

 tion, and Vetches cannot be cut or fed off fast enough. We need 

 hardly add that Grass is growing as it has not grown for year 

 The only thing that seems to keep pace with it is the advance in 

 the prices of store stock by cattle dealers, but even this may be 

 limited, and we learn that at this day's market many lamb hogs 

 and young beasts have returned unsold, either because too great 

 figures were put upon them, or because the abundance of keep led 

 the holders of them to expect still further advances another day. 

 The spring has not been propitious to the growth of wool, and 

 though we are a fortnight later in shearing than last year, we 

 are inclined to suspect that we might have waited another week 

 or two with advantage. Some persons who have clipped early, 

 have lost several sheep, and the wool seems higher than usual, 

 it behoves shepherds about this time to exercise more than usual 

 care in counting ewes and lambs, as after losing their wool the 

 mothers are not always recognised by the lambs, while they are 

 apt to stray and be lo3t. J. ]l% Peterborough. 



PARKES' STEEL DIGGING FORKS X DRAINING TOOLS. 



jl/f ESSRS. BURGESS and KEY, as Mr. Parkks" 



-*■*-*- Wholesale Agents for England, have always In stock a. 

 large assortment. These Forks and Tools are now in use by 

 upwards of 1000 of the Nobility and Farmers, members of the 

 Royal Agricultural Society, who pronounce them to be the best 

 ever invented, and to facilitate labour at least 20 per cent. 

 Price Lists sent free on application, and Illustrated Catalogue 

 of the best Farm Implements, on tttnipf of eight postage stamps. 



IMPROVED MOWING AND ROLLING MACHINE. 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Society of Arts: Cor. We shall have an opportunity of con- 

 sulting its journal next week. 



Mangold Wurzel : J S M. They say that wire worm may be 

 checked by trampling and rolling the ground. If so. it is pos- 

 sible, but not probable, that your Mangold might to some 

 extent be saved by treading round each bunch of plants. We 

 fear if they are attacked much that they are beyond help. 



Salt, &c. : Tkrte Years 1 Subscriber. If sown in wet weather, 

 cm, per acre. You may sow Clover and Kye-grass land a week 

 afterwards without their being hurt. On a she* house see 

 what is said of Mr. Kennedvs in the article on Italian Rye- 

 grass some w eks ago. We cannot give estimates of cost. 



The Vkt< h: Constant Header. The plant is correctly named 

 Vetch. In Scotland it is called Tare. 



ALEXANDER SHANKS and SON, Arbroath, 

 Forfarshire, Inventors and Sole Manufacturers, respectfnlly 

 solicit the attention of the Nobility, Gentry, and Gardeners tn 

 this Improved Machine for Mowing and Rolling Lawns. The 

 Machine is in operation in the Royal Gardens at Windsor 

 Palace, Buckingham Palace, and at Osborne, in the Botanical 

 Gardens at Kew, Regent's Park, Manchester, Sheffield, &c; at 

 Blenheim Palace, Trentham, Cleveden, Elvaston, Broad Ian v 

 Woburn Abbey, Clumber, Lilleshall, Castle Howard, Shrubland, 

 Eridge Castle, Enville Hall, Tiptree Hall. Chatsworth, and in 

 manv other of the principal gardens in the kingdom as well as io 

 the United States, British America, and on the Continent, where 

 its merits have been fully proved, and its success established. 



The machine is made to cut the breadth of 42, 30, 20 f and 

 15 inches respectively, is exceedingly durable, easily man ed, 

 and adjusted to cut to the length required. The execution of the 

 work is far superior to what may he attained by the most skilful 

 mower, while at the same time a gnat saving of labour is effected, 

 and the turf much improved. By the largest machine a Scotch 

 acre may be mowed, rolled, and the Grass collected in one hour. 



A. S. and Son have much pleasure in stating that they have 

 made considerable improvements in their 15-inch or hand 

 machine this year, by which the draught is considerably lessened. 

 This machine combines all the merits and advantages of the 

 larger machines with firm and secure construction, and is 

 admirably adapted for borders and for lawns of no great extent. 



a 



to 



eeding 



weeds in gravel walks, court-yards, drives, &c. This machin* 

 is now in operation in many parts of England, where it has given 

 ample satisfattion as the best and most economical means of 

 thoroughly keeping down weeds or Moss. 



Further particulars, with testimonials and prices, may be had 

 on application. 



