



n 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



Ijj md I have followed the furrows where they were 

 TLcrin the right position, but not invariably.— ] 



2 tik* bave bcen use(i g eneral,v for mains, 2>, a, 

 ^ |4l where required ; sockets only used in sandy 



n clay they are not required, and pipes fit 

 ^rr without "them.— I have only attempted a direct 

 iinutncntion in one instance, and do nor perceive 

 *y ftperior effect there. — At present I have not more 

 fen » acres discharging at any one outlet ; but this 

 wht be much increased, and I am thinking of carrying 



I0« of my smaller outlets into one larger carrier. 



TV soil generally clay loam and clay ; subsoil clay, with 

 " — ■ beds of gravel and sand, and a few stone beds. 

 The formation blue lias. — 20 or 30 feet above sea level. 

 —Average fall of rain for the last six years about 27 

 inches. J. C Hajward, Qndghy, Gloucester. 



XX VI.— Drainage very satisfactory.— On the parallel 

 lysism— Three to four feet deer. — The same on pasture 



as on arable— With the fall. Disregarding furrows. 



I Q96 stones, except in the main drains, when I use 

 pipes without sockets or collars ; two and a half-inch 



to 4 tad 6-inch bore.— I always make an air drain. 



The toil is various— peat, clay and gravel. Subsoil, ciay 

 fee—On the Silurian formation.— Eight hundred feet 

 above the sea, in a wet climate. Henry ff. Sandbach 

 Aberyde. North Wales. ' 



H« \ XVII.— My drainage has been, in almost every 

 highlj satisfactory.— In every case, where prac- 

 ticable, on the parallel system.— From 3| feet to 4 feet 

 deep in tillage land, and from 4 to 5 feet in Grassland. 

 —From 18 to 32 feet apart in tillage land, and from 28 

 to 40 feet apart in Grass land. — With the fall in 



gaeral ; but where Grass land was in wide hieh beds nf *hm\^JT71Z " ^T"» " u " uc aenie<1 > we wiseacres 

 I have preferred in every c,se the draining fafi doJn %l , RTJSft *Z ??P*« ™uld S6t me 

 fcfWws.-Fmm 1* to 8-mrf, til*, w. k™ ?.A° £! a °*\** ^Y so politely term it,«a croaker," in the 



your readers may remember having seen letters of. 

 mme wntten on the Island of Begiim, near WexLd 

 some tl me ago I was located fhere iwIM 

 mudlands for the Wexford Harbour Embankment Cc!m! 

 pan;. Amongst the many valuable plants product 

 jndigen usly on that fertile land the DaVnel Jew more 



SwJ2 than T r x *r h *™ ™y **« « 



IreW ^f f °: VD T ther ^ th0U ? h of th * fi^t qi. n 



Ki n f at ^st,I could never sufficiently rid of the 



mrnel, and m consequence of it I m invariably 



cut in price by the millers of Wexford and Castle. 



T*/*' M }* st e 1 ljt °» a «*» who, though he never 

 read a word of the chemistry of Sir Robert Kane, 

 1-iebig, or Farraday, yet knew the value of the Darnel as 

 we" as any of them did, bought my Wheat giving me 

 the highest price m the market, and never «cuf • me. 

 Fearing, from his « free and easy- manner that he 

 ! d j rmd lfc ™™&t the Wheat, I told him the 



SSL* ^ T" ■£■*"«* He ^i!ed at mv sim- 

 plicity and showed me his superior « separators » 



Wll^t 1^ ST& ° f the Darnel aud «"^ R«™ of 

 \V heat he had both ground into meal and unground for 



feeding Ins pi g 8 , of which he had a score of them nearly 

 3 cwt each snormg away in his yard as drunk as he ever 

 was himself. His practice was to mash and lightly 

 ferment it as an Englishman would his malt for ale 



w£T$- ?-n ** Irishman hi * "Rawcoru" for poteen 

 wh sky distillation ; more I need not say about it The 

 Potatoes are diseased. I saw the disease six weeks ago, 

 but said nothing about it then ; nor would I now, had I 



i ? f°T 3? *n? lt v notice,i in the G*rdm** Chronicle, for 



44; 



w 



•«or, and from 4 to 9-hrch for main drains ; the sub- 

 nil berag in general strong day, we have not re- 

 quired many collars.- 



pay of the provision merchants, seedsmen, and'manure- 

 vendora ; never for a moment letting themselves believe 

 o - x * ~ existence "" 



I have found it very beneficial to as mZ , , . e ™ ience « we same diaeaae as much 

 main drains were to carrv ll! ZTl^J^i ^ \ P a ' d '«<>re money this year for 



admit vi where the main drains were to carry long 

 «»(*«.- Not more than 10 acres issue at an outlet 

 on an average.- The soil is in general a black loam 

 lying on the top of yellow and blue clay. -The geolo- 

 peal formation is eiay sandstone and coal measures — 

 ^rojiwa to 300 feet above level of sez.-Stratton, Esq., 





Home Correspondence. 



Dairy ^iatimcs.—The dairy statistics given bv « D » 



SStTf J H ne l\ had , not esca P ed ™y »«««"» ; 



•jrajerof he A ba-t Journal in which they first 



SSS P ° hte,y l r e d i t0 me ^ Dr - Kirkpa^rick, 



So I IT P C u Pal ? f the Albert Traini "g Institu- 

 jm I had «,me thoughts of introducing it in my paper 



mSirSi A fT ltura . 1 Counci, > as* afford™ f he 

 «££ old wi Tr T P r °P° rti ^ *o ".ilk from 



sfiftbSU ^ th ; t :' como r ler n, r notice - 



rf food had «. iIk experiments on each variety 



« W tiSk A 7 contin «ed during seven days, I 



S Sftc o„ a ,tn ,t 9af ! Criterion of what w o«^ »>e 

 (taj£ w£ . T d , ^ UrSe ° f obser ^ion- Mr. 



^i»^Stt statistics ' ac T panies 



"■Jprehensire !!?•,• at the y are not sufficiently 

 S^STJSC 1 T r* 65 WS inteDti0n t0 re P eal 



«p» m ltTwI serve • these very statistics 



Apicnltural r±S' coram «nication to the 





valuable varieties of seed Potatoes than has been paid by 



all the newspaper men in Ireland put together. Edward 



Carroll, Cranemore House, Cloncgal. 

 Steam /W-.-Permit me to make a suggestion on 



lie application of steam power to farm purposes. The 

 chief use of steam power on the farm has hitherto been 

 threshing and other similar work done in the house 



lo these we may now add pumping, for the application 

 of liquid manure. The best pump is probably the centri- 

 fugal, as it has no valves, and is the lightest and sim- 

 plest of all pumps. It is not necessary to have one 

 engine for threshing and one for pumping, because it is 

 not necessary to be always threshing and always pump 

 ing ; the same engine may do both alternately. It is 

 worth the attention of our agricultural engineers and 

 machine-makers whether an engine might be made to 

 do either house work, as threshing and pumping, or 

 held work, as ploughing. A locomotive may be used as 

 a stationary engine. An engine that could do any work 

 would evidently be cheaper at first than two or three 

 engines for as many kinds of work ; and there would 

 also be probabfy a saving in attendance. No Enaimer 



(Ceur- 



cattie Atr 1 " TJT*?'* * *• I«"^S Won* 

 ri« £Z??,' Ui £ Poland ' th « i> 'T"5»«i local autboriiiiontbA 



1636, o wtol^Sf ? d ° b " V * '* I,,,,,-M law of March 27 

 orig inal with . \Zl C J°!? to 1™ T Jord,i » i P hrnwith a copy m 



">£i Provincial amh'Suf/ ?" M A "l^ which '«*«» 



ppear within K mU^hiTrfS V'Z?™ **"?* m '^ 

 imitation of Ms£e**L n r ^ M ?* 'roatjer, u, prohibit the 



articles likely to «J??Sf .• hon,ed , C * ,Ue ' ** wrtI ~ of » n r 

 measure has been £51 ^^i 1 ' and J am iafonaed that thii 



ManteufTe, that no tVo^^' h M UT-SS 2££ 

 in this country. «i iT J Jr" -8 W1 H»pt*r*«ce 



- To the EarUf Garendo^ ^*fr. Bu>01fnELD> 



iS^^^±^}?& r ° VinCi ^thorl^^d^ 

 toldmit! S th « "tent that lies soneartotLe place infected, 



(a) Horned ^cuttle ! sheep, swine, g.att, dogs and poultry 

 ii h sk iw of bulIuck B and maig, hoA-iL S 



unn tallow, beef, dung, winter fodder andstable 



'mp lentsofanr kind. 

 Also raw wo,], dry hide*, and the hair of animate 



bem\ e that they oome from an footed place. 

 Only to allow such p. r.ona to pass v iioct molestation 

 wno, ac- - to their circumstances, cannot be sun- 



*«d either to have a in any injected place at all r 

 even if tbey have been there, in aay way to save come 

 in immediate rontactwith infected cattle. All peceone 

 on the contrary, who according to their circun 

 may be supposed to be occupied and to have inter irse 

 with cattle, such as cattle and heather dealers, butchers, 

 tann. skinners, are refeeed admission, or they mnet! 

 when very cogent reasons ere brought forward for their 

 admission, previously submit to a careful purification, to 

 take place under the superintendence of the police. The 

 provin 1 authoritiee are moreover em powered to enf« 

 the applies m of these measu res, even when the infected 

 places Mo Jive miles beyond tlie t ntiers, 

 "This must, in every case, happen when a brisk and accelerated 

 trade m the above-named articles takes place by means of turn- 

 pike roads or communication by water between the infected 

 places and the inland, or when the contagion in the interior of 

 the tor.M-n country has spread ii If to a K reat extent, In cases 

 of this kind, and especially when the spreading of e contagion 

 m the foreign country propagation makes rapid progress, or 

 wnen other dangerous circumstances happen, then these measures 

 are to be enforced, even when the disease prevails at a distance 

 of more than five miles." 



The Council evinced their deep sense of Lord 

 Clarendon's warm and effective interest in promoting 

 the 01 jects of the Society, and the welfare of the agri- 

 cultural community. 





^onetie 



Royal 



examining Mr. Scott's 



ft* 



'granted, and shall 



^»£^L1^? a PP ear to have made 



on , u I* / "~ . VUBUUn ' JU "le course ot 



* ! 9 that an avera « e cow wi » p™- 



^ •«« Uian U f f , a year » thou g h this » ""•- 



*"tt^ati 



is not 

 views on 

 course of 



ess 





I am 



8«»en in hi^tim"", ' tak ' n ^ the milfc on the 

 «• 1o nt!i tab ^ ted «sults it would require 



eow L fi C !.. the \l* lbs - of butter, and 



*Uk^* y cows continuf. in ra ;it * h . l„.,l 



><*y six a : d m i f, CO I 7 8 «»*">»« m m.lk, the result 



I ""r iwint .^ q ? rts per dft y on the aver - 



T«»«* tkan threl ^ Ck ° f i8 milk cows ih ™ »re 

 ^tl* Mr Ho^nF S ?," ttl f Sti]1 Ml> - Soo't 



SL** Kr d.w » "™ S >leld of milk of 10 1 uart 8 



^ m ° re than ordin "y. rlomas 





t] .k^ T .- -"— It j; 



tiw*" *« herd 



p»i. 



evergre 







iiJJ «l or m„I • • most fav <>"red part 



hed 



'^ of Mount 1 1 8 . » aUh0U § n ««»ted very near 



• ^we ot Zl ' ° ne ^ f the hi » hest mountains 

 ^ J how J' * at Dame - To what to attribute this 



»fc of tK« me !t must ha ve been sa 



ou^h a 



ka >>tU ^g Of the n'^7 1UC IC mUSt ftave been sav «d by 



^ ,tt,!li ^ ,, Tho I deT Pf rts ^ " th * Earl of Stair 



2V, 7«o were allowed « free 



!?..■» ^*^i. ."L'T^r.S 



tl^'^KrSl b . m wh0 J am sure was °o 



» "0* food T 8 ?^ c,ent quantity, the more 

 *t „^. BelievTnJ tf J have P roved in ™7 own 

 nJ^ » I lant to ^'r CVer ' lhat Natnre "ever 

 5r.!> ^Mnii" * ^'.^lated, if properly 



T!, R ^rr^ «se and annhcation. Some of 



w| of 8 to 



PPl 



^mL™**-"™"' ™ 



of M 



l*^^**!*'"* to tsar way e£ry 



«nt Leinster," by Barrv \ 

 en »edy, Anglesea Street^ I) 



green 



ROYAL AGRICULTURAL OF ENGLAND. 



Weekly Council, June 27th.— Mr. Milks, M.P, 

 President, in the Chair. 



Russian Cattle-Disease.— Lord Berners stated to 

 the Council at their previous week's meeting that he 

 had seen a notice in the " Press " of that week, of a 

 cattle-pest in Russia of so virulent a character that the 

 Prussian Government had interdicted the inportation 

 of cattle, hides, fat, wool, hair, and even of herdsmen, 

 from that empire into the Prussian dominions. Lord 

 Berners had on the previous evening named this report 

 to the Earl of Clarendon in the House of Lords, when 

 his Lordship at once expressed his willingness to 

 render every service in his power in reference to a 

 subject of so much importance to the agricultural inte- 

 rest of this country, and stated his intention of at once 

 instituting the requisite inquiries by despatches to be 

 conveyed on the following morning by a special messen- 

 ger to Berlin. The Earl ot Clarendon requested Lord 

 Berners to assure the Council of the Royal Agricultural 

 Society of England, that on this subject, and on all 

 others which came within the control of his department 

 at the Foreign -office, it would at ail times give him the 

 greatest satisfaction to receive and endeavour to carry 

 out their wishes. The following communications have 

 already been made to the Council in reference to this 

 cattle-plague. 



'* Lord Wodeh^use presents his compliments to the Secretary 

 to the lioyai Agricultural Society of England, and is directed by 

 the Earl of Clarendon to acquaint him, for the information of tue 

 President and Trustees, that his lordship's attention having on 

 Tuesday last been called by Lord Berners to an article m t 

 Press, stating that the cattle plague had broken out in Russia, 

 and that severe precautionary measures had in coasequeace been 

 taken in Prussia, he instructed her Majestv s Minister at Berlin 

 to inquire and report upon the subject. Lord Bloomrield states 

 in reply by the telegraph that Baron Manteutfel, the Prussian 

 minister oi state, expressed his belief that measures of precau a 

 against infected cattle had been taken by local Prussian author! 

 ties on the Russian frontier, but his Excellency was not informed 

 as to details and would make inquiry. 

 " Foreign Office, June 22, 1855." 



M _ w . . , " Foreign Office, June 26> 1>55. 



Sir,— vv tth reference to my note of the 22d i r., I am directed 

 by the Karl ot Clarendon to transmit to you for the informal mh 

 of the President and Trustees of the Royal J^riealtural Society, 

 copy of a despatch from her Majesty 's Minister at Berlin, con- 

 taining mtormatnn relative to the p; amionary measures 

 established in Pr> ia in consequence of the malady lately broken 

 eat in that country amongst the cattle. 



" I am, Sir, your most obedient humble servant, 



. " WODEHOU5B. 



u The Secretary to the Royal Agricultural Society." 



I.M 



Butter Production.— Mr. Horsfall communicated 

 the following statement in reference to the amount of 

 butter obtained in his dairy : — 



(lnL „ „ , "Burley Hall, June A. 



On perusing Mr. Scott's paper, I find he states that a milk 

 cow, on the average (we mast adhere to average and leav-p out 

 exceptional cases), produces 196 lbs. of butter a yoar. I>r Mtis- 

 pratt, In his recent publication, states the ordinary vield of 

 butter per year at 160 lbs. to lSOlbs. per ar in England, and the 

 daily yield of butter from a cow at 8 oss. to 9 ozs. per dav, which 

 on a yield of 8 to 9 quarts of milk show 1 os. per quart, or 60 per 

 ceut. less than what is shown by Mr. Scott's results on 17 eiperi- 

 menfs. M wlandson, and other writers on this subject, give 

 a result similar to that stated by Dr. Muspratt— about 1 os. to 

 each quart. Mr. Scott in his paper states that 10 quarts is not 

 more than an average yield of milk per day for a cow; allewing 

 a cow to be in milk 300 days a year, the annual yield would be 

 per year 3000 quarts, which I am disposed to think is not more 

 than a moderate average on dairy cows properly main- 

 tained. My own cows are not allowed to be dry 

 two months a year, and I am satisfied that 

 quarts per year is not an over estimate of the average of 



quarts Mr. Scott's average of 

 "utter, im iu». a year, wouia reuuee his yield of butter in propor- 

 tion to milk about one third or 33§ perce and leave it very 

 similar to what is stated by Dr. Muspratt and other writers. 

 Mr. Scott had no right to draw the inference that my yield of 

 butter from cream might be s ibutable to my butter containing 

 a greater quantity of butter-milk, as I sent a sample of butter 

 from a churning which I Superintended personally, when five 

 quarts of cream produced 127 o*. of butter, being fully 25 oz. per 

 quart. The analysis of this butter has already been submitted to 

 the Council, and will be found not to contain a less proportion of 

 pure butter than is ordinary; in this respect it is superior to the 

 butter of Mr. Acland, the analysis of which by Profe r Way I 

 have before referred to. Now, if I deduct the casein or curd from 

 my butter, it will affect the quantity of butter from a quart of 

 cream to the extent only of about half an ounce ; or if I deduct 

 the whole extraneous matter there will still be upwards of 21 02. 

 of pure butter from a quart of cream. This peculiar richness of 

 my cream is surely of sufficient interest to relieve me from the 

 charge of having unnecessarily obtruded myself on the notice 

 of your honourable Council The ma- r c mot be allowed to 

 rest here ; with your permission I shall again recur to the sub- 

 ject, and shall introduce some features of my treatment which are 

 not noticed by Mr. Scott— Thomas Horsfall." 



Mr. Horsfall having also stated that, "if he could be 

 informed when the subject was likely to be introduced 

 again at the Council meeting, he might possibly attend 

 to give any explanation required, as he felt much 

 interested in the matter;" the Council decided, that 

 Mr. Horsfall should be invited to attend their weekly 

 meeting on Wednesday the 11th of July, at 12 o'clock. 

 Agrici ltural Motivb Powiu. — Mr. Garrett in- 

 formed the Council that an invention of the highest 

 importance to agricultural operations had been made 

 by Messrs. Boydell and Glasier, of Camden Town. * 

 private trial of the invention was to be made on tue 

 following day; and the machinery had been entered 

 for trial at the Carlisle meeting. He considered this 

 invention the first virtual step that had been made 

 towards the successful application of s m power to 

 the cultivation of the land ; and that if the results 

 anticipated should be realised, it would in his opinion 

 constitute one of the greatest discoveries of the day in 

 the adaptation of steam power to the traction of power- 

 fully resisting obstacles over broken sur ces, uneven 

 roads, or up declivities, along which no locomotive 

 steam-engine had hitherto been able to proceed.; 



A 



