

I 



456 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 





Young specimens of 

 carefully trained, 

 pegged down in 



[ fe * 7, 1855. 



however, sure a! out the latter localities, but concerning order to secure close compact foundations, upon which 

 *i.~ ii:m.u M ii Wm m.fofhirct r\<\ «!/ nh+ NpvrrfrhpWci future muwprr verv larffelv depends. Stove. — Look 



Nevertheless future success very largely dep 



either the Crimean or Cilician plant, and the western 

 Indian free, be it what it may, requires re-examination. 

 It ;s. therefore, unfortunate that the name by which the 

 Crimean plant is known should have been disturbed, at 

 least until far more precise knowledge shall have been 

 gained concerning the allied species than we at present 

 possess. 



liberal supply of water at the root, for the season will 

 soon be less favourable for securing rapid strong growth. 



Also get Leel<s plantedonHSra^e^" i '^T 

 land, and attend to these and V%E3S 

 tilings with water until they eet fairlr !-L. 

 Give the Asparagus plenty Jf &*£&?*** 

 stable or farm-yard tank, in order to m, l 



from tfc 





G 



all 





ive every necessary attention to the eradication of 



1 kinds of insecis. Use fire heat sparingly, and save 



on damp cloudy days and unseasonably cold nights, or 



where it is wanted for supplying bottom heat, it may 



safely enough be altogether dispensed with for a few 



If the reader takes this as a sample of the perplexity weeks. Shutup early in the afternoon however, sprinkling 



floors, walls, and every available surface, and dewing 



; but be careful not to syringe over 



which surrounds a single Juniper, he may form an 

 opinion for himself of what is the condition of many 

 other Conifers, and of the serious difficulty that occurs 

 &£ soon as any critical inquiry is commenced. 



M. Carrie re's very useful volume is terminated «by 65 

 pages on the cultivation and propagation of Conifers, a 

 part of the subject to which we must advert on another 

 occasion. 



Miscellaneous. 



The Winter in the United States.— Rochester, New Yorlc, 

 March, 1855.— Tht winter through which we have 

 jast passed will not soon be forgotten. In many of the 

 sou 'hern and western states there has been a severe 

 drouth in the depth of winter — rivers, streams, and 

 springs so low that water for ordinary purposes could 

 scarcely be had. We have heard of cattle dying for 

 want of it. Until mid-winter the western rivers were 

 too low for navigation ; then came the wonderful snow 

 storms of February, covering up entire trains of railway 

 carriages on the wes ter n prairies, and blocking up rail- 

 way travel in nearly all parts of the country ; close upon 

 this came tho intense cold of the 6th and 7th of 

 February, when the mercury sunk 26° below zero in 

 the usually mild lake countries and Western New York, 

 where 0° is reckoned very cold, and is seldom ex- 

 perienced. We have strong fears that the fruit crop of 

 1855 will be very small. Here our Peaches are gone ; 

 not only are the fruit-buds killed, but we fear the trees 

 themselves are frozen to death down to the very roots. 

 In cutting through the bark, we find the wood quite 

 discoloured, and to all appearance completely disor- 

 ga n i -ed. Horticidt u rist. 



Hclbjhoch Paper and Rope. — Mr. Niven, gardener, 

 Keir House, has suceeded in fabricating paper and rope 

 from the common garden Hollyhock, and has patented 

 his invention. The paper is of the appearance and 

 texture of that used for small bags and parcels by 

 grocers, fcc, and is very clean and firm. The rope is 

 about half an inch thick, light and shining in colour, and 

 apparently of considerable strength. Perth Courier. 



troublesome, wash 

 soot and lime, and 

 more soot. Figs.- 



C? alendar of Operations. 



(^For tht ensuing week.) 



PLANT DEPARTMENT. 



Conservatory, &c— The beauty of most soft wooded 

 plants will be considerably prolonged by a liberal supply 

 of manure water, which will also greatly assist in pre- 

 serving the healthy vigorous appearance of the foliage ; 

 therefore, wherever it can be done without annoyance 

 to the family, this should le used regularly for such 

 bings as CJerodendrons, Allamandas, &c., giving it in 

 a clear state and regulating the strength according to 

 the D&tare of the plant. And Orange trees, Camellias, 

 and many other hard wooded plants will be grateful for 

 the same treatment ; indeed Orange trees, after they 

 are kept rather short of pot room, should never be 

 watered but with strong clear manure-water. Use every 

 means to keep the atmosphere moist on bright days, 

 and spare no trouble to keep the stock clear of insects, 

 removing and smoking any pot specimeu that is found 

 to he infested with green-fly, and dipping in tobacco- j supplied with water at the root, giving manure-water 





the plants lightly 



head plants that are in bloom, otherwise their beauty 



will be but short-lived, particularly where fires are not 

 used at night 



FORCING DEPARTMENT. 



Pineries. — So far this season has not been particularly 

 favourable for securing well ripened high flavoured 

 fruit, and such varieties as are at all liable to spoil at the 

 bottom before the upper pips are coloured should be 

 kept as dry as possible immediately they show tiie least 

 signs of colouring, keeping the atmosphere also as dry 

 as can be done without serious injury to the rest of the 

 stock. Vineries. — Grapes intended to hang through 

 the winter should be thinned very freely, and, if neces- 

 sary, these should be gone over a second time, leaving 

 them, so that the berries, when fully swelled, will scarcely 

 touch each otl er. And only a moderate crop should be 

 left on the Vines ; for, to ensure success in keeping 

 Grapes fresh and in good condition till next March, the 

 Vines must be in first-rate health ; therefore be satisfied 

 with a moderate, or rather light crop, in the late house. 

 Keep the atmosphere of houses where the fruit is colour- 

 ing in active circulation, using gentle fires by day, with 

 abundance of air, and leaving a little air on at night, to 

 prevent damp. If red spider appears inclined to be 



the pipes, &c, with a mixture of 

 if the colour is objectionable, add 



Trees that have been kept dry while 

 ripening the first crop, and are now cleared of this, 

 should be well watered at the root, and if there is any 

 appearance of red spider, the leaves should be thoroughly 

 washed with the engine. Give manure-water to trees 

 showing a heavy second crop, and keep the atmosphere 

 moibt by frequently sprinkling the passages and borders, 

 &c. Keep the shoots thin and regularly tied in, so as 

 to avoid confusion, and expose all parts of the tree 

 equally to the light. Where the fruit is ripening attend 

 to previous directions, and keep the atmosphere and 

 borders as dry as can conveniently be done. Assist 

 trees in pots by giving them a liberal supply of manure 

 water. 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Go over the beds frequently, keeping the young 

 shoots of Verbenas, &c, nicely regulated and pegged 

 down until the beds are fairly covered, after which, 

 unless where the soil is very strong, or where it may be 

 desirable to keep the masses as low as possible, the 

 shoots of most varieties may be allowed to grow at 

 liberty. Where the soil is of a rather poor nature, 

 and the progress of the plants not satisfactory, a few 

 waterings with manure water would be useful in the 

 way of inducing more rapid growth ; but this should 

 not be given too strong nor too freely, otherwise it may 

 do more harm than good, and in most cases such things 

 make more wood than is desirable, nevertheless we 

 have found manure water judiciously applied useful in 

 giving backward plants a start. Keep the surface soil free, 

 open, and clear of weeds by occasional stirrings, and 

 should the weather be such as to render watering neces- 

 sary, do not let the plants feel the want of moisture at 

 the root. See that Dahlias and Hollyhocks are tied as 

 they advance in growth, and keep these thoroughly 



friable soils a good drepsing of salt mav be Liu? * 

 advantage ; but this should not be Z 3 * !"** * 

 clous i soils, as it keeps the ground wet and heavTSfc 

 and decays the roots. Proceed with the DWti». 

 Celery as fast as ground can be spared, and see C£ 

 whole is liberally supplied with water. So J! ££ 

 defer the soiling up of Celery as long as it can bff 

 considering that there is less danger of its bei D 7iI? 

 by slugs ; but if these pests are at all troublesome fcl 



i , ~ ,v alon £ the treiZ^ 



and about the plants, which will cl 



should be treated to a dose of quick lime every m 

 for a week or so, strewing it thickly aW the t* 



lid 



ear the groni j 

 them, and then there will be no danger in adding « kX 

 soil occasionally to assist in retaining the moisture 

 afford more space for the roots. Attend to the «taW 

 of late Peas, and keep the ground thoroughly moist &b2 

 advancing crops, and if the weather continues hoH3 

 dry, it will be advisable to mulch the ground alone the 

 sides of the lines, first giving the soil a thoiwtk 

 soaking of water. See to keeping up a succewaitf 

 French Beans, also Salad of all kinds, making & 

 of Parsley for winter use. 



STATE OF THE WEATHER AT CHISWICK, NEAR LONDON 

 For the week ending July 5, 1855, as observed at the Horticultural G 



June 

 and July. 



Friday 29 

 Sat or. 30 

 Sunday 1 

 Mon.. 2 

 Tues. 3 

 Wed. 4 

 Thnrs. 5 



3 



Babomktbb. 



Max. 



Min. 



o 



30.072 



29.S74 



16 



3^.017 



29.923 



17 



80.163 



30.161 



18 



30.193 



30.153 



19 



30.181 



30.082 



20 



30.191 



30.110 



21 



30.121 



30.038 



Average . 



TsMrXRATUBI. 



Ot the Air. Of the Earn 



Max. Min. 



79 



7fi 

 76 

 78 



12 



77 



£1 



61 

 52 

 60 



57 

 56 



37 

 38 



30.134 30.0 JS f 78.0 f 51.6 



Mean 



7C0 

 • 4.0 

 68.0 

 67.5 

 67.5 

 57.0 

 59.5 



64.8 



I toot 2tee» 

 deep. deep. 



63 



59 



ei 



•H 



m 



1 ft 



62* 



1 60 



64 



1 ** 



65 



61 



64 1 



«* 



8.1. 



> a 



. 1 



1 « 



63.8 6.1 



June 

 July 



29— Very fine throughout. 

 20— Very tine; light clouds; fine at night. 

 1— Very fine; cloudy. 



— 2— llensely overcast ; heavy clouds; some drops of rain. 



— 3— Very fine ; dry air ; clear at night. 



— 4 — Cloudy ; very fine ; clear and cold at night. 



— 5— Clear ; hot and dry ; very fine ; cold at nipht. 



Mean temperature of the week 2 deg. abore the a?ertfe. 



TtECORD OF THE WEATHER AT CH1SWICI, 

 During the last 29 years, for the ensuing week, eudiug July '.4,1%5. 









1 fl s- 



No. of 



July. 



2^ s 



CO Oi — 



1 1 s 



2S 



Years in 



** 





£ ? ^ 



s£ 



which it 

 Eained. 



Sunday S 



74.4 



51.2 



f2.8 



16 



Mon. 9 



7^.1 



50.7 



62.4 



11 



Tues. If 



74.2 



51.2 



62.7 



9 



Wed. 11 



74.4 



52.0 



6V2 



8 



Thu. 12 



74.2 



51.3 



62.7 



12 



Frid. 13 



V-7 



51.9 



63.3 



12 



Satnr M 



7b. h 1 



52.0 



63.8 



12 



I 



Qreate?t 

 Quantity 

 of Bain. 



0.46 in 

 0.57 



0.40 



0.71 

 1.10 

 0.92 

 0.64 



PreTailiu|Wi»^. 



J 4f 



12 - * » j 



_ 1 3 i 3 f» I 



The highest temperature during the above period wenrrpd ot tht Utk 

 1S47 — therm. 93^ deg.; and the lowest on the 10tb„ lS3Mbern.»«f. 





Notices to Correspondents. 



Heating: CUrlcus. The water should not be wiiMnwii «*o 

 the pipes in your greenhouse. J n ^M 



Insects: THE, {Londonderry). Your Onions Are badly u»" 

 with the gruhs of the Onion-fly (Ahthomyia Cepim 

 history and figures of which are given in Gard. ^■r'" 

 p. 396! As the flies go through their transformtlioMw 

 quickly at this period of the year it is absolutely ™*T£ 

 that every diseased Onion should be at °" c ^ ra ™JX^ 

 bed and smashed under foot.-i> B. Your ^.l^f"^ 

 the production of one of the aphides (Tetraneura l^ " 

 colony is the production of a single female, wHicn aepw 

 eggs in the leaf and thus causes the gall to be P r0 ?^ |Dte 

 jngwobt: W. This plant, Pulmonanaoftpiiaus.j^ 



absolutely inert, like Borage. Its name is ^""L^ 



been given from its spotted leaves being suppoaett w JJJJ 



r, nniv rind it 



Lu 



the air cells of the lungs. You can only find *•--, ^, 

 gardens, botanic gardens, or nurseries wnere «« / 



ceous plants are cultivated. uv„ a * to relifctoSr 



Names of Tlants : We have been so often obligeaw ^^ 



decline naming heaps of dried or other plants, tnw ^ 



to request our correspondents to recollec t tnai^ « ^ ^ 



water the ^fected parts of those which cannot be 



ren oved. Shading will of course be indispensable on bright 



days, but do not use this save when it cannot be safely 



dispensed with, for Conservatories are generally rather 



lofty, and the roofs partially shaded by twiners and 



plants, in such houses, are soon injured by a too free 



use of shading. Attend frequently to the twiners, 



keeping the growth nicely regulated ; also be careful to 



properly supply the beds and borders with water, and 



make sure by frequently examining the soil that this is 



feeing done ; for plants, if allowed to suffer for want of 



water at the root at this season, are sure to become a 



harbour for red spider and other pests. Cold Pits. — 



The stock here wDl now be growing freely, and should 



be frequently examined individually, to see that all 



is going right ; for plants, when growing rapidly, 



jery speedily suffer through any neglect in watering, or 



from the attacks of insects. Examine young specimens 



that were potted early in the season, and shift at once 



such as require more pot room, so as to get the pots 



moderately well filled with roots before winter, in which 



•tale they are much more easily carried over the winter 



than when either over or under potted. Leschenauhias 



2 ni \t T\ ? TT ned for S****** and smoked 

 at once If at all infested, and the flowers should be regu- 

 larly picked off young plants of these as they appear 

 Choroz.mas, Bosses, &c. must also be frequent"/ £ 

 limned for red spider, and should be laid unon their 



where the ground was not well prepared. Look over 

 Roses and dip any shoots found to be infested with 

 green- fly in tobacco- water. Also keep these well sup- 

 plied with water at the root, which will greatly improve 

 the flowers, as well as prolong the beauty of the plants, 

 for the flowers soon fade in bright hot weather when 

 the plants are allowed to get dry at the root. Too 

 much manure-water can hardly be given these, espe- 

 cially the autumn-blooming sorts, an'd nothing better 

 repays any attention which they may require, for if 

 kept in vigorous health many of the sorts will bloom 

 almost continually until stopped by frost, but if allowed 

 to suffer through dryness at the root they will bloom 

 but sparingly in autumn. Watch varieties subject to 

 mildew, and apply sulphur immediately the enemy is 

 perceived, but if the plants are kept in vigour by a 

 liberal allowance of manure water there is little danger 

 of mildew being troublesome. 



HARDY FRUIT and KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Get Brussels Sprouts, Savoys, Broccoli, and all kinds 

 of winter greens planted out as speedily as ground can 

 be obtained ; and where this cannot be done at present 

 to the usual extent (owing to the backwardness of the 

 season, and early crops not being ready for clearing 

 off), see that the plants are either pricked out, or suffi- 

 ciently thinned to allow of their growing dwarf and 

 strong ; and if a goodly portion of old Mushroom-bed 



should bear in nuna tnai, ueiui* ^fv-o . . ntr infcnnat 

 they should exhaust their other means ot gai n. . B ^ 



We cannot save them the trouble of « a ?;^* ld . All' 

 for themselves ; nor would it be desirable it wee m 



can do is to help them-and that m0 ^Z^mtsml^ 

 requested that, in future, not more * ha \^" r A ls ab- 

 sent us at one time.— Erzeroim . li«» **' ? j351> &* 

 1371, Portulaca oleracea ; 1376, CeratwarpM, ^ 



podium; 1334, Corydalis ; Marsha *™%f*& m k£". 

 lencum? 1346 ? Ly thrum fhymifolnim, ^^ ^m. 

 1367, Puschkinia scilloides; ; 1365, g^ ar> jK 



1358 Iris Iberia; 1291, ^*7ft, Caf«f* 

 Acer Negnndo. The cause of the ja«e»» « t ^ j^rt * 

 cannot be investigated without knowing W The i|**5 



Perhaps rank manure is the cause o ^XuUof ^rni^ 

 Myosotis, as they are called, are ^2™^ 100W 1»«* ff 

 Your specimen is ruined in the post-office- it 



ill send * 



rt 



IP 



white variety of M. versicolor. ***""„,, ri pe fruit, « 

 neatly pressed upon card-board, aim w /pinpin** 



give you a positive reply ,-#*• We 'f^bW&Zff* 

 tanica; it is stamped to pieces,-^ A^« ponbtle-*" 

 turn; 2. Nierembergia «icauhs.-^^ • b0 , >r ££ 

 rinladelpbus of some sort, and we do n ^ «£-£ 

 from the emmon P. «»roi»nus.--i««*. Mrtjjigrf 



Asperula; but until it «•»"" 'i'^Em which M**J5 

 certainty. It is probable that the , drr ; «• < m]{ v0» 

 the Grass has enabled the new plant i ber bjg«- r 

 being smothered as heretofore amon, w ^ *•'■ 



PreserV.no Fruit: **. The rec.pe yon pick tMft* 



sume, M 



mthered as nereioim* »". ;' „ seek tor "t#t0 

 o Fruit : Sub. The rec.pe you u t M ft*^ 

 r. Lovejoy'a, which isasM oa- ^ * ,uff %% 



Z*+. 



thTstalfcs ;" put them into the bo. u* £ "««g 

 alum into four gall«"f «' ."?, , '' n * t T, e m tight; '«*# 



hardJy 



cold; then fill the bottles ; b»« t to ««•• TW ° 

 into a copper of cold water and heat „ 



over with bladder and seal th«n- ♦ m l8 and W, 

 Misc: HP. You can have Nos.37, ^j**** 



" others are cut of print. . haT e bee n H^^ flfZ. 



... As usual, many comjuunjcations J t beM«g2 d £ 

 and others are unavoidably deta.nea ij^%tft^i 



can be made. »'e must also ^ f %)w« » 

 numerous correspondents, the mse 

 contributions is still delayed. 



* 





