THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



I have s< M my ordinary cows, and replaced 



w others with high pedigrees, I find that the 



tl» «7 ^ tJie ro -jj, } ias increased. It would be de- 



if the experience of others were brought to 

 upon this point— viz., the comparative richness 

 ^l/jpilk yielded by the improved short-horns and 

 JL ordinary" cows which commonly bear that name. 

 As tke experiment of Professor Trail 

 GftQoways to give rich milk, it is by no means im- 



Sible" that the cross with that breed which 

 let Colling introduced into his short-horn herd 

 y have contributed to perpetuate that quality among 

 descendant?. I have never contended that the 



475 



shows the 



ed by 

 in my 



<K>rt-horns are not surpassed in single points by 

 §ther breeds— that the West Highlanders, for instance, 

 do not produce beef of better quality, the Alderneys 

 yield richer milk, and the Ayrshires or the Holderness 

 cowt gire more of it ; but 1 maintain that there is no 

 breed which, combining so many excellencies with the 

 ooeio which it is unrivalled and unapproachable, early 

 maturity, is equally suited to the general requirements 

 tf advanced agriculture, or as well adapted to improve 

 ordinary stock of this country. Willoughby Wood, 

 Holly Banl; July 8. 



tural community in general, his \sho.e 



tme and energies 

 were so entirely and successfully dt voted. 



Paris Show.— Mr. Evelyn D< n, M.P., the 

 ^nghtu Juro.r for Agricultural Implements and 

 Machinery at the Paris Exhibition, reported to the 

 Council the progress of the trials in that der mt. 

 He informed the Council that the trials of Hi 

 ments in Class G were postponed until the & 



meeting had taken place, namely, until the vrrv rod of _ . - ,,,„«««, -a,.™ * r >«i HPD .i- 



the current month. The implements and machinery ?! ^ r f : r Kll T k P^nck's request, and to w) 1 1 .hail hav« occiEi 

 ni this class consisted of portable steam-engines, on ^k^^*tX**& "*^**l«mm* 

 threshing machines, brick and tile machines, chaff- 



resulh I now proceed to examine the etatl mi 



Mr. Scott, with the view t w how far they alfe 



f« r statement to winch Mr. Scott ha* thought proper to 

 hSl^lt The "I^'rimeiiUi on til M ster iuodVl farm 



u^^iV" ^SN^dmy atuntioti; a coj the mux f 



Albert Journal,- in which | first a reared, was kindly 



m a« h u* im ? S *"&****, who will allow me to claim him 

 ■ ; u ;-' ■■•niir.-il aoqueltttiaea oi iOBM fMn 1 ifaadia* Tin 



K^[ cf the ; Albert Journal " contains observations on 

 " eflec t of temperature on dairy duce, which had supplied 



- - -™ ^uic imi-^uts oi introducing those exit « 

 Munster model farm in my first communication 



Manchester, was the chairman of that class, as that 

 circumstance would give the English exhibitors an 



Sccietv aa ah i y cor nation to your 



cutters, mills, and (general!, ) all fixed machinery. I ££ l^f'^ 



Mr. Denison .as glad to find that Mr. Falrbam. of £SW»fl^JHA I^KfiS 



opportunity of direct communication With him, in'th-S »Wt»*«„ith 



explaining to him at once nil the minuti* of their ^=^ }&££ Effa^S? S&fiK 

 respective machines. Mr. Denison could not deny him- J have k 1 "" <° ">i« object I hava a right to K iw ,t as my 

 self the pleasure of expressing the sati.-faction which I ?i'. , ". ,on « , '* t <liefood is inmiequat* inoneeuentiai, that <( mam- 



SiaittS^j^ W5 •- *.-* ? swrasrsaws aura a 



Home Correspondence. 



Onwpe Jelly Turnip.— In answer to * Colo," I beg to 



that I have grown the Orange Jelly for the two last 



pars, and consider it the best flavoured and most 



wholesome Turnip I ever tasted, it being as melting 



ly at jell)*, and I have found none stand the 



winter so well, not having lost one during the late 

 •evere one. They were in the early part of this spring as 

 good as they were in the autumn. B. C. B. 



St. Maryk-Bone B Icfor 8a ngs, 76. Welbeck Street, 

 EdaUiikdJuly 5, 1830:— 



wtatxvt Statement of Progress at SjKcified Periods during 



the last seven years. 



Russian Cattle Disease. — The Society has been 

 favoured by the Earl of Clarendon with the following 

 farther communications in reference to the alleged out- 

 break of virulent cattle disease in Russia : 



<< 



». 



no- x.r.^ r a , foreign Office, July 6, 1SL* 



Sir,— -VY ii\i reference to my letter of tlto 26th ultimo, respect- 

 ing the precautionary measures adopted by the Prussian 

 authorities on the Polish frontier against the sprOad of' the 

 cattle disease, stated to be prevalent in 1 ssia, I am directed by 

 Earl of Clarendon to transmit to you, to be laid before the 



vj nmuu lompieio iin- < in mi reqni 

 wed, that of keeping up the cm on, 

 om my treatment being, that his I d in r 





the 



Open deposit Sums invested with National 



accounts. 



On Jnly 5, IM 



1850 

 185! 

 1652 

 1853 

 1854 

 1806 



n 



■ 



- 



19,848 



20,866 



21,878 



22,943 



23,481 



23, 697 



23,758 



Debt Commissioners. 



£301,663 

 315,638 

 334,073 

 358,706 

 379,089 

 351,643 

 349,865 



no one 



ft Finney, Secretary and Actuary, 



Mangold Wvrzd for Breeding Sows. — As 

 «*M inclined to answer your correspondent " m7mV^ 

 nqnines respecting the injurious properties of Mangold 

 Wnrzel for sows, I will give him the little I know on 

 toe subject, as I was the first I believe that pointed 

 m toe fact, and got snubbed by one of your corre- 

 gmdems for ft The quantity of sows kept on this 



^porkers and sent to London weekly, and weigh about 



President and Trustees of the Royal Agricultural Society, a copy 

 of a despatch from her Majesty's Minister at Berlin, enclosing a 

 a report from the British Vice-Consul at Memel on the same 

 subject. 



11 1 am, sir, yourmost obedient, humble servant, 



"The Secretary to the Royal Agricultural Society, &c, &c." 



(Copy). 



uur t a ^r-ao, , " Berlin, June 30, 1855- 



My Lord,— With reference to my despatch, No. 246, of 23d 

 mst., relating to the prohibition of importation of cattle, &c , from 

 Russia across the Prussian frontier, I have the honour to forward 

 to your lordship herewith copy of a report on this subject from 

 her Majesty's Vice Consul at Memel, from which your lordship 

 will perceive that there are doubts as to the existence of disease 

 among cattle in the provinces adjacent to the district in which 

 Mr. Hertslet resides, and that other motives may possibly have 

 led interested parties to cause the importation of cattle into 

 Prussia to be forbidden. I have, &c, 



" To the Earl of Clarendon. (Signed) Bloomfield." 



looking ov. Mr. Scott's Items of f..od, I obaerve in two an 

 acconi] timent id « »atn : if he gave th«-m a Miffirlent abnndanea 

 they would complete the Mfential requlremenl l h*r* men- 



the main different* 

 more oottly in propor- 

 tion to i t. In two others 1 observed limiatd Furze, with 

 thee- iltion of which 1 am unacquainted, hut if it answer 

 the requirement! I have named it will be strong food; It la 

 certainly not ordinary farm produce. The next trial ■* on a 

 Kerry cow, a breed which ranks first as a aWer ot hmilk; 

 then a Galloway, also a rich milkei maining fire trials 

 taken together would furnish a yery different average. In these 

 seven trials no mention is made of the time under exp» inent, 

 the description of food, season of tin • rear t or of what I hold essen- 

 tial to a pr per estimate of the effects of food, the maintenanro 

 of the condition of the animal. I may now say that baring 

 sought for information in the rarioOi treatises within my reach, 

 I am not disposed to attach equal importance to these atatif-tics 

 1 of Mr. Scott aa to those of the writers I hare already quoted, 

 and to which I nil! add Mr. Sterens, who in his " B< ok of the 



* Mangold, ii 8 twt e ^ * ^ ^^ ° f l0 " g 



gke the most of the Swtu« 



■e«ow», beginning some time in November 



mk* tkT ' i. ^ 7. cro P of Swedes ; thinking to 



■tte the most of the Swedes 



fte 



•*■• weeks 



we gave the Mangold to 



lows »»,.„ 4i in November ; many of 



Lfo?» J i e ° get " n " he&y y in P ; g- A " went on 



ZlZlt -° r tW °> Whea one aftir^nother of the 



•tipped their voung, and before the end of eight or 



Pnae th Pm vr ° r if , had done so > when instead of 

 «^dth» g ° ld the y had S w^es. I think only 

 SSS? ff il P ' gS after the cha "g e of f «^. The 



1 »*liWE !•„ m,Xed . with meaI there ia «ot>»"g 



*ta?luL su ' t both the mother and y™4 



** tCh h P T e t,m ,? 1 ma y add that lt has a 'wa}'s 

 fe «m3l Jtl . need,€SStroub,e t0 co °k the food 



*««« f'.r th?.? • 1h t re . ma y be many causes to 



«"* £ S * on besides the food » but as i ^ok 



!* <** find TT V a ^ thin g th »t would explain it, 

 ^ fin<1 noth,n g» I am bound to say that the 



5» 



^5"»d7? ,i,,d ' i ! that lt Was -thing bu 

 J-« a .and p,rh a p 3 the error was in pivino th.r 



e 



^•Ji n^ro"" 1 ' 3 luc ^ rror was in giving them 



«>»«2S SZ ry A r l, : e Month of Ma * 1855 - 



!?- ! iMarn \ lo , f Q d , a, 'y temperature in England, 



&* 



mted Kingdom. »ai n 

 ^gland, 1.62 inches 



alar 1?« i i - o-""«» M.jai U . xxvera^e inn 



l tt^Scot S 7*,' , l '' 2 inches 5 Ireland, 3 2.27 



k "h. K W l4 *«^ being a mean of 1.79 



me Kingdom. Wind -. Pr«.iiin„ jw^II 



L En ? ! »nd, nor 7,; i r" lu - V md: 1>reTftil ing direction 



^ Scotland L?k J n ° rth ' and north-west ; Ireland 

 _ «"J, north-east T«i-:„» it i__««^_ ., 



the 



*; 



'Dg is 



east. Taking 17 localities, the 





5Sa < *M-jth:uj?? ,K? ,ber of ' dajs during the 



■Ho«K 4 . 7 "w me followi 

 4 ;^Sb| daj ' 9; L nortI »-east, 



ing winds have prevailed 



east, 2 ; south-east, 



H 



»'• //. AUnvit t \ \ ; west ' 2 5 and north-west, 



*unuu, l n »k Land Schedule. 



a. 



octettes 



ROYA 



*?«» Coct! IC ^ T F? AL . OF EXGLAND. 



^tfc 



Mr. Miles, M.P., Pre- 



4, 



- 'he chair. V "" 



*• * 1 V ^^Tu « 



SL^^cemenft ? ncil receive d with deep emotion 



ifr'f ^7«h of U t0 r theiD ^ by Dr - ^ land ° f 

 2^' %h «e nSL? i , dlstjn g«ished member Mr. 



^••^kted ^Tth *£ J abours wiu remain hiiperSA. 



h*T~"* P^rrttm A r ^1! f 2J lnda tion, development, and 

 ^^^ to 3JJS the R °y a i Agricultural Society of 



m l *****, and to those of the agricul- 



Extract from Mr. Vice-Consul Hertslet to Lord Bloomfieid, dated 



" Memel, June 27. 1855. 

 The export of cattle from Russia meets with no obstacles 

 from the Ri ian Fide, but merely from the Prussian authorities. 

 Live cattle are compelled to go through a three week quaran- 

 tine at the borders, although the butchers have produced bills of 

 health from the Russian authorities at the " Ilanptman's Gericht 

 of Hasenpotf in Courland, and although it is a well-known fact 

 that no cattle disease of any sort has been prevalent at any 

 place near the borders for many years. There is a report that 

 some disease had appeared at J oh an n is burg-, the border town 

 opposite the Prussian Stallapahnen, but this is not believed. I 

 am informed that a Prussian official is about to proceed to Cour- 

 land to make the necessary inquiries." 



"According to official information the murrain (cattle plapue) 

 continues to advance from Russia towards the Prussian frontier. 

 The Government has therefore, according to the instructions 

 in g 3 of the Order, 27th March, 1836, resolved as follows.— [These 

 instructions were printed in our previous report on the Russian 

 cattle disease.] 



" In order that these regulations may be duly observed, it is 

 only allowed to cross the frontier in this district at the Custom 

 stations of Nimmersatr, Bajohren, Laugallen, and Paschkenkru 



" Memel, 28th May, 1855. 



" The Provincial Counsellor, 



(Signed) * DrECKMAN*x."' 



Physiology of Milk Secretion. — Professor Simonds, 

 the Veterinary Inspector of the Society, delivered before 

 the members a lecture m On the physiological conditions 

 affecting the quantity and quality of milk secreted by 

 the cow under different circumstances of feeding and 

 management." Our space, on the present occasion, will 

 only allow us to remark that the distinguished Professor, 

 in this lecture, gave a masterly outline of this im- 

 portant and interesting inquiry ; and, to use his own 

 expression, * only skimmed the surface n of his sub- 

 ject. He presented, however, strong illustrations not 

 only , of the importance of his subject ; but of its 

 novelty to agriculturists generally, and of the extent to 

 which the individual topics of inquiry wookl lead him, 

 in order that full justice might be done to them : that 

 €t not only a single lecture, but a course of lectures " 

 would be required for that purpose. The President, in 

 requesting him to draw up a statement of his lecture 

 for the Society's Journal, to be submitted to the Journal 

 Committee, expressed to Professor Simonds his per- 

 sonal thanks for his great kindness in delivering that 

 lecture, and his sense of the great ability he had dis- 

 played in its illustration. 



PRODUCTION OF BUTTER AND DAIRY MANAGE- 

 MENT. 



Mr. Horsfall and Mr. Scott favoured the Council with 

 their own experience, arrangement of collected facts, 

 and individual experience in reference to this important 

 and interesting subject, and received the best thanks of 

 the Council for their kindness in attending the meeting 

 of that day, and the trouble they had taken for the purpose 

 of elucidating the points at issue in the wide question 

 they had endeavoured to elucidate. 



I Mr. IIorsfall's Stateh«ht. 

 In continuation of my remarks of the 21st, and calling atten- 

 tion to the discrepancy noticed in the average yield of butter of 

 196 lbs. a year, to produce which would only require a daily 

 yield of milk ot rather more than 7 quarts per cow, whilst his 

 average of 10 quarts per cow would reduce the quality of his milk 



Farm" arrives at a like rwult with Dr. Muspra that 8 to 

 9 ob, of butter per day may be considered a fair arerage for a 

 dairy cow. The following description of my own dairy results 

 was written for the "Albert Journal" in January, 1865. The 

 peculiar richness of the' cream had then begun to call attention, 

 and was under strict observation, but 1 had arrived at.no 

 conclusion as to its oause. I had not then any intention 

 of laying it under the notice of your Society. " The dairy 

 practice of this locality is directed to the production of milk for 

 sale when new, or butter and skimmed milk. The priee of 

 new milk is nearly uniform, being 2d. per quart; that of butter 

 is sometimes as low as Is. per roll of 24 < . and sometimes nearly 

 don hie this. The price of skimmed milk is likewise steady, 

 being generally id. per quart. The cause of the fluctuation \n 

 the price of butter with the steadiness of pries in that of milk 

 will be found in the comparative ease of the transport of the one 

 as compared with the other: the former is liable to damage by 

 moving, whilst the latter is regularly brought to m ket by sea 

 and land hundreds of miles. Butter is brought from MVyklcn- 

 hurgh and from the wef f Ireland to London. It will then bo 

 obvious that the supply of new milk is limited to populous dis- 

 tricts, or to such as have gained easy access to them by the 

 introduction of railways. It fa in some measure optional in what 

 way my dairy produce is disposed of— in new milk, or in butter 

 and skimmed milk. In giving attention to this branch of farm 

 economy, 1 was led at an early period to inquire at what price the 

 two pi ocrs' afforded a like return. Ai several trials made 

 during warm weather, my cows being on Qm, with extra food, I 

 found 16 quarts of milk yielded 26 oz. of butter; the quantity of 

 cream varies with the skill or taste of the dairy-maid inRkimming 

 the milk, and in proportion as she mixes milk with the cream. 

 I have frequently found a quart of cream to give 14 to 16 oz. of 

 butter ; the latter is about the average of the cream used for the 

 trial churns at the Royal Agricultural Shows. With the obser- 

 vance of greater nicety in skimming, the cr m being conse- 

 quently thicker and richer, a quart ma> -ive upwards of 20 oa. 

 of butter; if, however, the cream be wholly taken off, the yield 

 of butter will in each case bo about equal. The comparison 

 will be— s. d. 



16 quarts of new milk, at 2d. a quart .. t 8 



16 quarts of new milk give a roll of butter of s. d.y 



£5 oz., at Is 6d I <* > * S| 



14J quarts skimmed milk, at M. ... ... 1 2f) 



(Half the quantity of butter milk covers the cost of churning). 



Butter is sold here by the roll of 24 oz.; it is customary to 

 make up the roll to weigh 25 o*., the odd one being in favour of 

 the purchaser. I thus find an equal gain from new milk sold at 

 2d, per quart as from butter at Is. 6tf. per roll, and skimmed milk 

 at \d. per quart. It will scarcely be nec< %ry to observe that 

 with a rise in price above Is.Gd. per roll, it is my interest to 

 direct my dairy produce more to butter, whilst with a lower price 

 new milk pays better. In the course of a season r two, and 

 towards the close of a year (late in Novemb I remarked a 

 considerable falling off in my receipts fort fairy; and as no 

 change had occurred in the number or circur ances of my cows, 

 nor in their food, I was led to inquire into i cause. I found an 

 equal quantity of milk had been brought down to the dairy-maid, 

 a like sum received for new milk, and that the deficiency arose 

 solely from a less quantity of butter. With this change there 

 had occurred a great change in the weather, it havinqr become 

 very cold and frosty. I again tested the quantity of milk, and 

 found the yield of butter 16 oz. from 16 quart instead of 26 oz.. 

 as on the former trials; up to this time I had used an under- 

 ground cellar in summer, and a room on the ground floor m 

 winter, during which time tl deficiency in ray butter occurred 

 This room is situated on the north side of the house, the in door 

 •pening into the kitchen, wher* ie culinary operations are carried 

 on and which doorwas usually keptclosc by day aswellssbynight. 

 The room is lighted and ventilated by a trellis window, which 

 gives free access to the frost and cold air. On trying the tem- 

 perature I found it something below 40°: it then occurred to me 

 that the deficiency of butter must a i ftrom too low a tempera- 

 ture of my dairy, and an easy means of remedy at once suggested 

 itself, namely, to introduce with a supply of fresh or cold water 

 a supply of hot water, by an apparatus for that purpose. It so 

 happened that the pipea for both hot and cold water passed 

 through my dairy immediately under the trellis window, and 

 over the stone table on which my milk bowls are placed. This 

 table is about 2 feet in width, and occupies two les and the nd 

 of the dairy In which is the trellis window. I ordered a shallow 

 open cistern to be made of wood, with a rim about 3 inches along 

 each side, and lined it with thin sheet lead ; this c- rn thus con- 

 tained water of 3 inches in depth. At its extremity and near 

 the window is a hollow plug having perforated holes, at least 

 3 inches above the bottom, and through which the water escapes 

 as it rises into the common sewer. At the other tod of the table, 

 and inside the rim, is a pipe which, being inserted into the one 

 from the hot-water apparatus, conducts this to a tap, and tnfen 



In relation to butter one-third of that shown by his tabular I returns along the other Bide of the table again to tne noi-waicr 



