

THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



477 



willine to communicate about their business, the 



* *% the Rortl Agricultural Improvement Society of 



llHtirr w w ^ g - erie8 f qU eries on dairying m the Society's 



jrvUod U* • p ue5 f and did not receive a single answer to 

 JitfMl ** »7 "j^ bas the raer i t of having now set many dairy 



•■•• «Wrkine who might otherwise, all their days, have 

 — htnicallv; and he has also done good in personally 

 MiKine to'the investigation of the principles of dairy- 

 Jf ™ t DO t prefer science to practice, however, but the 

 a if he continue his experiments, I would venture to 

 ~rt^t he must simplify the details of his operations and 

 Sjminto less compass; and then, when he obtains any 

 -ft-i^^l^tbe agricultural public will not fail to appreciate 

 **^ Abalance- sheet would always be a useful accompani- 

 #*f|y*fi returns, and would enable us to judge whether or 

 "~~vi nJSice could be safely recommended to the ordinary 

 ^L JmrntoATT farmer. Taking the data he has already fur- 

 2SS wwitb, and applying them to 100 quarts of milk, the 

 ^^ would itand as follows :— 



Pr Mr. Horsfall's process. 

 ~— Awn 100 ots. of milk, 6.40 qts. a 157.80 Oz. of butter, 



Cresm am w h ftt ^ per oz = 95 1Q ^ 



gfcisimiifc 





1.92 

 67.30 





at id. per qt. = 0i 

 at ^d, per qt = 3 10§ 



13 9± 

 Average by ordinary process. 

 Cmm from 100 qts. of milk, 12.70 qts. = 156.80 oz. of butter, 



Mtermtlk 

 MB milk 





ft 



7.60 

 87.30 



n 



at %d. per oz. = 95. 9£d. 

 at Jd. per qt. = 2 

 at i«i. per qt. = 3 7£ 



Miscellaneous Communications," a portion of the journal be 

 allotted to short papers from such members of the Society as mav 

 favour the committee with an account of any matter of special 

 interest which has come under their notice in the management 

 of their farms, or in their immediate neighbourhood.*" 



The intimation at the end of the above notice will, we 

 hope, be influential in inducing the many intelligent men 

 who read this Journal to contribute to its pages. 



HAY-MAKING MACHINES. 



THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY'S 

 PRIZE MACHINES are supplied by W*. Daar & Co. 

 Swan Lane, Upper Thames Street, London. 



13 7 



DUfcrasee in favour of Mr. Horsfall, on 100 qts. of milk 0$. 2£d. 



I most also remark that the butter Fhown by Mr. Horsfall 



fthr would not be considered first class in London ; the colour 



| sa?oar were very good, but the texture was decidedly faulty, 



I pointed out to him, being full of air cells, and requiring the 



taplication of the "pugging machine/' In conclusion, the 



primary object of all dairy farmers must be to obtain the 



■mat product from a certain number of cows and a certain 



rp»nti:y of food, Physiologically, some cows have a superior 



* "locy to secrete and yield milk over others, just as we find 

 breed of cattle and sheep become fat on food that would 

 bard I y maintain other cattle or sheep in a stationary condition. 

 la my communication to the Council of the 30th of May I have 

 enumerated the most essential points to be borne in mind by the 

 dairy farmer, *nd if these are carefully and punctually attended 

 to they will generally ensure good management in the dairy. 



Thomas Scott. 

 P.8. 1 submit a specimen of the herbage, and a sod of the lime- 

 stone paiturea of Muckross Abbey, Kerry, and three specimens 

 of coral and shell sand dredged in Bantry Bay, and usually 

 applied to almost all crops in the southern and western coasts of 



Ireland. T. S. 



At the request of the Council, Mr. Brandreth Gibbs 

 •ndertook to asc rtain the quality of the herbage Mr. 

 Scott had brought over from fertile and barren dairy- 

 laud in Ireland; and Professor Way undertook to 

 Analyse it, as well as the mineral specimens with which 

 it wm accompanied. 



The Council having received with thanks, and referred 

 to the Journal Committee (along with Mr. Horsfall's 

 and Mr. Scott's), numerous communications addressed 

 to them by different members from various localities on 

 Dairy subjects, adjourned to Wednesday, the 18th of 

 July, at noon, when Professor Way would deliver his 

 lecture " On the use of Fish as Manure." 



breeds, 



The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 



Vol. 16 ; Part I. J. Murray. 



>V E have as usual a very good number of the Journal, 

 ltcontains 14 useful articles, the subjects of which are 

 very fairly selected from the two great departments of 

 •piculture, cultivation of the soil and the management 



stock ; and the more purely scientific relations of 

 Hnculture are expounded in articles by Professor Way, 

 «• lnmmer, and Mr. Whitley ; diseases of sheep and 

 r^the comparative fattening properties of different 

 ■t*ds of sheep, and the characteristics of various 



especially *ith reference to their wool, 

 «* aiscu&sed in articles by Messrs. Seaman and Dunn, 

 jwiuary surgeons, Mr. L 

 ™J«ior Wilson. 



Experiments with manures for Turnips and 

 *T*> and with reference to the feeding qualities of 

 PJH uce, are described by Mr. Bourne, Dr. Voelcker, 



*• nf' . m P let0D " The c^ses of fertility and barren- 

 oi smig are discussed by Mr. Coleman ; a report 



Hr lT,T ment8 i ° n the 8 rowth of Wheat is 8 iven b ->* 

 oa ' t* . 5 and continental farming, so far as observable 



^numed excursion to Hungary, is described by Mr. 

 «f stohhl i gate ' s P rJze essay on the autumn cleaning 

 •mnbeT • find8 a P lace in this Journal, and the whole 

 Mr SJ n , aintains the charater it had attained under 

 •*iftoM 8 p ltor ^ hT P-. To the loss of the Society, 

 *H*ade r * " use y^ serious illness, which has since, as 

 ** follow- ' tern "nated fatally, allusion is made in 



*•*!*»,. J n l P° st8cri P*, with which we are sure every 



Jfc benefit of *m? p rRt N J«nber of the Journal which has not had 

 Z^fcittee cannnf USe / s active superintendence, the Journal 

 ** the sev B i forth without expressing their deep 



awes, of Rothamsted, and 



for 



2? 1 <* his vTi Z k, and P fotr acted illness which still deprives 

 iS***** their h? i ^"stance. They are also desirous of 

 Z^fold cani5/ se , nse of the important services which, in 

 E?** he luiW J chlinnan of the committee, editor, and 

 *fc F rom th^vl eiTed upon the Society and the country at 



- *• «Q*r mpmST comme ucement of the Society the labours 

 i:_, m emoers of the AMmm w^ A i v._i_ 



-i 



lj ght, »nH \u I i S ° , \ he committee have been compara- 

 knoV to J! ls "ght that the members of the Society 

 been Jv m ? e 7 are chi efly indebted for the 

 ■ .«£- ved '. f,r the reputation which the Society's 



gygmote enior W ' VCU, J' r Uie re Putation RU1W ^ 

 SpPjJ^te m«fn J/L /.„?, a - nd other countries. 



success 



In ir 



B 



t aSSS? 111 ! ^ 1116 future th * W«* standard of ntilitr 

 ofthJvJ- e8t * blis hed, the committee wish to avail 



w *ofthAT^- OIlsned > t!ie committee wish to 

 •^ •rtentifir l Ve ^^^^n of the largelbody of 

 •** 0v «r th? wkTi 6 " w ?° com P°se the Society. s n « 

 to thP^ *^ le Bl,rf ^e of the British Islan 



prac- 



Spread as 



,tot hem thpT" BuriHce ot the British Islands, nor even 



— , of ^^rmat 'uZ J™*** 9 * singular advantages for the col- 



*T tS*** 1 Commi?^ l e , d llpon oba ervation and experiment. 



% CT^i^K ! h , e - r l f0 S e ^^^stly invite attention to 



*• C^cil • 7 J . 4u Ch formed P art of th eir last repoi 



£ --- That in future, under the head of 



Calendar of Operations. 



JULY. 

 Berwickshire Merse Farm, July 2.— The cold dry winds of 

 May disappeared with that month, and on the 1st of June we had 

 refreshing showers, with a decided change to warm weather. 

 This heat soon resulted in a violent thunderstorm on the night 

 of the 6th, accompanied by a remarkably heavy fall of rain during 

 two hours, which soaked the ground so that it could not be touched 

 again for several days. Between the 15th and 20th we ex- 

 perienced a tract of weather, presenting one of those changes 

 which have been so rife this spring. The wind blew cold from 

 the east, with rain, and heavy hoar frosts at night, which some- 

 what injured the Potatoes. On the 21st the reaction was as 

 sudden to the extreme of heat, with the night temperature at 65°, 

 but since that the weather has been more moderate, witli fine 

 southerly breezes, but rather dry. On reviewing the past Turnip 

 season we observe that the severe winter left our Foil in a state 

 little inferior to that oi the preceding year, whence expectations 

 were formed of a favourable tilth to help forward the work. These 

 hopes were speedily realised on the lightest soils, but on them 

 alone. On all classes of clay soils our experience has been 

 severe labour and but indifferent results. On the 10th of May, 

 for instance, we had just succeeded in reducing our first and 

 strongest break to a pretty satisfactory state, when it came a day 

 of steady rain, and our labour was lost ; nay, worse than lost, for 

 the new wrought land took rain very readily, and was reduced to 

 a state of mortar, from which it never recovered. A similar 

 mishap occurred with the break intended for Yellow and White 

 Turnips, on the 6th inst. Seldom 1ms the soil required so much 

 work for the sole purpose of pulverising it. Old folks say thaT 

 a good w body " of land requires two ■ furs" (ploughings) to pre- 

 pare it properly for Turnips, but this year much of it has got 

 three. The grubber makes but imperfect work here; for it is 

 only on light land it can be said to fulfil its " minion." On all 

 hands we hear complaints of the " fly : " its ravages have been 

 extended even to plants in the rough leaf, for the Swedes made 

 no growth till lately, and when at a standstill are particularly 

 obnoxious to the attacks of that insect. Later sowings present 

 a more satisfactory braird. Thinning is only begun in our 

 immediate district, but our lighter neighbours to the west have 

 been at it for a week past. We commenced cutting our seeds for 

 horses on the 13th ult. ; a very good crop, but at least three weeks 

 too late. We intended mowing for hay next week. The hay 

 crop will be exceedingly light, where not artificially top-dressed. 

 Winter Tares have improved ; they are certainly before the later 

 spring sown, but will be of comparative little use where Grass 

 is plenty. Wheat is strong, and the earliest is beginning to 

 show the head. Barley has improved with mild weather. Oats 

 are infested beyond all precedent, with Thistles and wild Mustard. 

 Beans and Potatoes are rich-looking and healthy. Pastures 

 where well planted (a sine qud non) have done very well all the 

 past month, which has enhanced the demand for lean stock at 

 our local fairs. Wool is looked on with confidence as a good 

 speculation ; some transactions having been concluded at higher 

 figures than those current in the metropolis. It need scarcely be 

 mentioned that the quantity of grain now in farmers' hands is 



next to nothing. /. T. 



Farm near Hexham, July 4. — If the month of May was un- 

 paralleled for its cold and barrenness, the warmth of the month 

 of June has done much to make up for it. Since the favourable 

 change noticed in our last report, we have had a continuance of 

 just such weather as was required for bringing forward the back- 

 ward crops and the parched and bare pastures. The change 

 came too late to secure a heavy crop of hay ; but both corn crops 

 and pastures have made most satisfactory progress during the 

 past month, and Grass is now abundant in the district, so that 

 parties, who in the beginning of the month were bethinking them- 

 selves what they were to do with the stock they had, are now in 

 want of more. Though we cannot now expect an early harvest, 

 should weather continue at all favourable, it will not be a late 

 one. Winter-sown Wheat is fairly into the "shot blade," and 

 has every appearance of being fully an average crop, as also will 

 the spring Wheat. Barley and Oats are both looking remark- 

 ably well; the fine tilth obtained for them at seed time gave 

 them a hold they have never lost. The general opinion in the 

 district seems to be that, if weather continue favourable, there 

 will be a full average crop of all kinds of grain, and that harvest 

 may be expected about the end of August or the beginning of 

 September. Rye, which is grown to some extent on the lighter 

 lands, has been in ear for ten days. While the weather has been 

 thus favourable for Grass and corn, the frequent rAins have made 

 it a somewhat difficult matter to get Turnips sown in good con- 

 dition, especially on strong and wet land, where there is still a 

 considerable breadth to sow; and many will require to make 

 bare fallow where they expected to have had Turnips. On dry 

 and free lands the sowing is pretty generally terminated. We 

 finished our Swede sowing on the 9th ult. (having been thrice 

 stopped by rain in the process), and our Yellow and White on 

 the 29th ult. The braird looks well wherever they were well got 

 in, and thinning has been commenced ; we began upon the 29th 

 ult., and will require to be diligent to keep pace with the plants. 

 Potatoes have come up with a fine healthy stem, and if they 

 escape the now almost annual visitant— the blight— bid fair 

 to be a good crop. Clover-land hay cuts up very light, but we 

 hope from the rain we have had, and the barometer now standing 

 very high, that we shall have a favourable season for harvesting 

 it, and in some measure make up in quality for what we want in 

 quantity. Meadows will be short. T lit re was but a poor show of 

 sheep at Stagshaw Bank Fair yesterday, and with the increased 

 demand prices were considerably advanced from Whitsuntide 

 fair. At the cattle market to-day there was not a large show of 

 good animals, and anything fresh met with a ready sale at 

 advanced prices. Two-year-olds sold from 10Z. to 141. 10s. and 

 15/.; yearlings from 61. to 8J. 10s. Of Irish and black cattle there 

 was a large show, with the usual amount of murrain. T. P. D. 



WARNER'S IMPROVED LIQUID MANURE, 

 OR GENERAL PORTABLE PUMP. 



The valve is a bail of imperishable 

 material, and cannot clog In actios. 

 The barrel is of galvanised iron, not 

 likely to corrode, and can be raised or 

 lowered at pleasure. The legs will fold 

 together, and the whole rosy be carried 

 on shoulder to an v pond or tank required. 



Price of 4 9 in. Pump, with legs, S2.S#. 

 The barrel ii 27 a in. long, and the lees 

 ire 5 ft. high. 



1* Inch Gutta Percha Suction Pipe, 

 It. 6J. per foot. * 



1 3 inch Flexible Rubber and Canvas 

 Suction Pipe, 3s. &i. per foot. 



May be obtained of any Ironmonger 

 or Plumber in town or countrv, at the 

 above prices, or of the 1'atentees and 

 Manufacturers, Jorv Wabjtkh A Soks, 



8, Crescent, Jewin Strsst 1 n. 



Every description of Machinery for 

 Raisins Water, by means of U heels, 

 i:.tms, Deep Well Pumps, Ac also 

 1 ire and Garden Engines, &c— Engravings sent on application. 



WARNER'S PATENT VlBRATINt 5Ta£ 



* * DAIU) PUMPS. 



PATENT CAST-1PON PUMPS, for the use of Farms, Cot- 

 tages, Manure I auks, and Wells of ad h not exceeding 30 feat. 



Diameter Length of Barrel, 



of Parrel under nose. £ i. d. 



21in.slisttlft.7in. /I -. t ted for lead, \ 1 12 6 



2f 

 3 



M 



4 

 24 



gutta percha, 1 15- 



or cast Iron V2 12 

 flanged pipe, 2 18 

 as required. ) 8 

 short, with 15 feet of Lead Pipe 

 attached, and Holts and Nuts 



ready for fixing 2 



2J in. long ditto ditto ditto 2 



ri 



tt 

 tt 

 ft 

 ft 



long 3 „ 



ditto 3 „ 

 ditto 3 „ 

 ditto 3 „ 



3 



I 

 8 



6 



n 



S 



5 



12 

 15 



The short harrel Pump is very convenient 

 for fixing in situations of limited height and 

 space, for the supply of coppers and sinks in 

 Wash-houses with soft water from under- 

 ground tanks, or in Hot, Forcing, and Plant 



be fixaii wnssl issircsL 



of any Ironmonger or 

 above prices, or ot the 

 WARN EH axd SONS. 



Houses; they may 

 under the stage. 



May be obtained 

 Plumber in Town or Country, at the 

 Patentees and Manufacturers, JOHN 

 8, Crescent, Jewin Street, London. 



Every description of Machinery for Raising Water, bv means 

 of Wheels, Kams, Deep Well Pumps, &c; also L'm> and Garden 

 Engines, &c.&c. — Engravings sent on application. 



RICHMOND Sc CHANDLER'S PATENT CUAYF- 

 CUTTING MACHINE. 



Salford, Manchwtar; and 32, South John Street, Liverpool. 



mff- Catalogues Gratis. 



.»- 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Bonedust : A Subscriber. It weighs about 40 lbs. a bushel, vary- 

 ing considerably, however, according to fineness, dryness, &c, 

 Your question about the quantity of dust needed to dry bones 

 and acid, so as to form one ton, is not capable of answer. The 

 bones and acid will dry of itself generally if left in a heap 

 together and under shelter, but of course they may be mad* 

 as liquid as you choose, and then need ashes or other absorb* nt 

 materials to dry them. 



Enteritis: J W K. Calomel and opium combined is a proper 

 combination for enteritis, but not in such strong doses as you 

 employed. Scruple doses every four hours are sufficient, and 

 If the bowels are confined Linseed oil, but no stronger pur- 

 gative, jr. c. s. , t x . . 



Farm Bailiffs : FA. Spring and autumn are the best penod> 

 for engaging the services of bailiffs. Though ss they generally 

 know that they shall leave, some time before they require a 

 new place, they are to be secured at any time. 



%♦ As .israal, many communications have been received t^o lats 

 and others are unavoidably detained till the necessary inquiries 

 can be made. We must also beg the indulgence Of those 

 numerous correspondents, the insertion of whose interesting 

 contributions is still delayed. 









PARKES' STEEL DIGGING FORKS X DRAINING TOOLS. 



MESSRS. BURGESS awd KEY, as Mr. Parkes* 

 "Wholesale Agents for England, have always in stock a 

 large assortment. These Forks and Tools are now in use by 

 pwardsof 1000 of the Nobility and Farmers, members of the 

 Rovai Agricultural Societv, who pronounce them t e the best 

 evtr invented, and to facilitate labour at least 20 per cent. 

 Price Lists sent free on application, and Illustrated Catalogue 

 of the best Farm Implements, on receipt of eight postage stamps 



