

tss 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



authorities, has thus produced an agreeable volume, of 

 which, however, the Natural History forms so slight a 

 portion that the narrative of Koch remains as indis- 

 pensable as ever to the student of this now celebrated 

 peninsula. We could have wished that Mr. Milner had 

 stated from what sources his information is compiled. 

 One curious thing pointed out by him is the ignorance 

 nf the Russians themselves of the country so lately as 



when General Manstein's Memoirs of Russia 



The rude map which accom- 



J76*4, 



made their appearance. 



panied that work is here republished, and shows that 



even the existence of Sebastopol was unknown to the 



Russian engineers who accompanied Marshalls Munich 



and Lacy in their invasions. Even de Tott would seem 



to have thought Balaklava and Sebastopol to be the 



same ; at least it is evident that he was describing 



Sebastopol when he spoke of the extent of the harbour 



of Balaklava. A similar mistake was made by an old 



-correspondent of the m Gentleman's Magazine,"^ who 



described Akt : ar, the present Sebastopol, as having a 



.commodious but not very large haven, while to Balaklava 



he assigns " a line harbour containing ample room for a 



very good fleet." If the present war has done nothing 



else it has, at any rate, improved our ideas of Crimean 



geography. 



Captain Chiosso, in what he terms The Gymnastic Poly- 

 vxachinon (Walton & Maberly), by means of descriptive 

 and clever woodcuts gives an account of the means 

 employed by him to render gymnastic exercises con- 

 ducive to health. This gentleman is undoubtedly the 

 most rational gymnast ill London ; he applies the 

 system of exciting muscular action with excellent sense, 

 and the results which flow from it are, in his hands, 

 eminently advantageous. In general the world imagines 

 that gymnastic exercise* consist of mere feats of strength, 

 suitable to an athlete, but dangerous to others, and they 

 shrink from exposing themselves or their children to 

 the risks of such a discipline. Nothing can be further 

 from the truth. Captain Chiosso is as much opposed as 

 any man to violent exertion, the danger of which he 

 fully recognises. On the contrary, he endeavours 

 gradually, by gentle means, to solicit the muscles to act, 

 *nd he trusts to skill and time to produce force where 

 there is constitutional weakness. We speak from full 

 knowledge of him when we say that in such hands as 

 his gymnastic training is at least as important as mental 

 txercise,and that all young persons should be familiarised 

 with it. In all education the first point is to bring out 

 the physical powers, without which mental powers are 

 feeble, of little value, and soon give way under con- 

 tinuous exertion. The gallant author, who is an old 

 Italian officer, fully states in this book what the 

 numerous maladies are vthich his experience telJs him 

 are alleviated by the Polymachinon. 



Calendar of Operations. 



{For the ensuing week.) 



PLANT DEPARTMENT. 



Conservatory, &c. — Now that many of the hard- 

 wooded plants will be removed to the out-doors plant 

 ground, painting and other necessary repairs should be 

 done, as the houses can be more conveniently emptied or 

 thrown open thau at any other period of the year. And 

 if painting is to stand it must be done when the wood 

 h thoroughly dry, and the present season is the most 

 favourable for securing this ; but except where painting 

 is done sufficiently often to keep the wood covered, some 

 care will be necessary, even at this season, in order to 

 get the wood perfectly dry, and unless this is secured 

 the paint will be sure to blister before the end of next 

 summer, however good the materials and workmanship 

 may be. Therefore make sure of having the wood 

 ..perfectly dry before commencing painting, whatever in- 

 convenience this may involve. 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Where Roses are extensively gi'own (which they 

 -should be about every place in proportion to its size) 

 they form the principal attraction of the out-door de- 

 partment of the garden at present, and should be fre- 

 quently looked over, removing decayed flowers, &c. 

 which if allowed to hang on the plant have a very un- 

 sightly appearance, and tend to encourage mildew, &c. 

 Hoses, it grown in masses or beds, should be arranged 

 60 as to contrast the colours in the most effective 

 manner ; and where this has not hitherto been attended 

 to, the effect of the present arrangement should be care- 

 fully looked to while the plants are in full beauty, noting 

 any alterations that may be deemed necessary, which 

 will greatly facilitate the execution of the same at the 

 proper season. See that the plants are not allowed to 

 suffer through want of moisture at the root ; and where 

 the soil is ot a light sandy nature, the plants should be 



a good 



. . . possible; but if 



the sou is strong and rieb, manure water may be dis- 

 pensed with, as the plants will grow freely enough if 

 kept moist at the root. Proceed with the propagation 



JJfZZ ' uT^ e i ther b ^ uddi »S or cuttings.'' We 

 Cn « • 3 d Per P etual *> Teas, Chinas, and Bour- 



of thi ,-» rZ r D , r ° 018 ' a , nd firm ^""-jointed cuttings 

 of the S3 root freely enough at the present season if pro- 



perly managed, but Hose cuttings taken from plants 



grown ,a the open air should n,t be put injheat. 



1 hey will, however root freely enough under a hand- 



glass on a mild bottom heat, or even in a shady situa- 



turn in the open border, but they are very liable to 



«.«= sun 19 oi a ngnt sandy nature, the plants 

 liberally supplied with manure water, givin 

 soaking two or three times a week if possib 



(T 



"damp off " in a moist warm situation. The readiest 

 way of propagating these, however, is by cuttings taken 

 from plants grown under glass for flowering in spring, 

 which root almost as freely as cuttings of Verbenas 

 The propagation of the ordinary bedding- out plants 

 will soon require a large share of attention, therefore 

 see that the most is made of the present leisure and 

 convenience for getting up a good stock of the more 

 valued kinds of hardy things, and do not forget a good 

 stock of Pinks, Picotees, &c. See that the bedded-out 

 stock is kept moist at the root until the beds are fairly 

 covered, which will soon be the case if the plants are 

 well attended to and the weather continues such as it 

 has been lately. 



FORCING DEPARTMENT. _ 



Pineries. — Plants wished to show fruit at once, if 

 backward in doing so, should, provided the growth has 

 been well matured and checked, having been kept 

 dry at the root for a time, have a good soaking of water, 

 and be kept warm and moist. This treatment will 

 induce an active root action, and if the plants have been 

 properly treated, they will seldom fail of showing fruit 

 at once, but everything depends upon the growth being 

 well matured and checked. Avoid syringing plants 

 overhead that are in bloom, save on the mornings of 

 bright days, and then but lightly, for syringing in the 

 afternoon while the plants are in bloom is the principal 

 cause of deformed fruit. Young stock will be growing 

 very vigorously, and every care should be used to secure 

 robust stocky plants ; see that the plants are afforded 

 sufficient room for the development of their foliage, and 

 do not keep the atmosphere so warm and moist as to 

 induce weakly growth ; attend to repotting, a3 this may 

 be required by any of the stock, and see that all are 

 well supplied with water at the root, whether in pots or 

 planted out in the open bed, as any neglect in watering 

 at the present season will probably result in the plants 

 fruiting prematurely. Vineries. — Give every attention 

 to preserving the foliage in houses where the fruit has 

 been cut, until the wood is thoroughly ripened. If red 

 spider is at all troublesome, give the Vines a good wash- 

 ing with the engine, but do not injure the foliage by 

 dashing the water against it too powerfully. Give 



cool as 



Main- 



swel- 



fre- 



[July 21, h 5 : 



RECORD OF THE WE^npnT^T^^^^ 1 -—- 



PnrinK-thelait 29 y ears, for the ensumf^J ? Bl SW l( :k 

 _ ^ng week, endmc j Q , y ^ 



July. 





Sunday 2 : 



Mon. 23 



Tues. 24 



Wed. 25 



Thu. 26 



Frid. 27 



Satur. 28 





'he bishest temperature during the above period 

 4— therm. 92 de-. ; and the lowest on the 23d ur 



audita,'*- -^ 



G 





abundance of air, keeping the house as 



ling, 





can conveniently be done in bright weather, 

 tain a moist atmosphere where the fruit is 



sprinkling the passages, borders, &c., 

 quently. Look sharply after insects here, particularly 

 where plants are grown under the Vines, and if black 

 thrips or red spider is detected wash the infected leaves 

 carefully, and look over them occasionally afterwards 

 until the pest is fairly got out. See that the borders 

 are not allowed to become too dry, and give strong 

 manure water to plants bearing a heavy crop. Vines 

 in pots intended for very early forcing next season 

 should be in a forward state by this time, in order to 

 permit of getting the wood well ripened, and allow them 

 a period of rest. Peaches. — Attend to last week's 

 directions, using every means to keep clear of insects. 



HARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Proceed as expeditiously as possible with the laying 

 in of the young wood of wall-trees, taking care that every 

 superfluous shoot is removed first, for it is worse than 

 a waste of labour to nail in wood that will only serve to 

 crowd the trees and injure that which will be left at 

 pruning time. Also attend to regulating the growth of 

 pyramidal and other trained trees, looking over them 

 frequently and doing what little stopping, &c, may be 

 required. Do not allow trees that have been lately dis- 

 turbed at the root to suffer for want of water, and where 

 the soil is shallow and of alight dry nature an occasional 

 watering or mulching will be useful to any trees that 

 incline to grow too weakly, but do not water or mulch 

 where there is any tendency to over luxuriant growth. 

 Prepare the ground for fresh plantations of Straw- 

 berries, by manuring heavily and trenching some two 

 feet deep, and get these planted at once, keeping them 

 well supplied with water until they get established. 

 Tomatoes must be well attended to, keeping the shoots 

 thin and stopping above a cluster of fruit, for if the 

 plants are allowed to grow too freely, there will be but 

 a poor chance of a good crop, save in very favourable 

 localities. Attend carefully to Celery and other grow- 

 ing crops, with water, giving a liberal supply to Lettuce 

 and Cauliflower and recently planted green stuff. Take 

 advantage of showery days to plant out a farther supply 

 of winter greens, Broccoli, &c, and if a sufficient quan- 

 tity of Celery is not already planted, this should be 

 attended to at once, and must be well cared for after 

 planting, with water, &c, otherwise good sized heads 

 need hardly be expected. If not already done, sow 

 Cabbage for early spring use, and attend to keeping up 

 a succession of Lettuce, Endive, &c. 



Tl 



ISi 

 40 de*. 



. Notices to Correspondents. 



Diseases : A, Surrey. The sheaths of 'the stems are ife*^ 

 Lrysiphe communis, and the leaves by Uredo Rubi<£iS5 

 common Red Rust). These common parasites JS^Z 

 material injury to the Wheat. The former is extiSTj! 

 valent this year in the south and east of England --jTv 

 have seen many Apricot trees attacked exactly in tfat ml 

 way, and in home cases there has been an abundant C!J 

 gum from the leaves. Such affections arise from atzaJL! 

 conditions over which we have no control, and yo 

 probably be free from anything of the kind nextyetr U 

 state that your tree has a large crop of frnit; on the aw 

 which we have examined there was scarcely any crop it A 

 so that the affection cannot be due to the cov« 

 gardener.— R A. Your Grapes are attacked exactly ii 

 way as many which were forwarded to us last year, and _ 

 which we had ourselves an opportunity of examiniw. h 

 every case alike we believe that the evil has arisen fntfc 

 condition of the roots. If they are not healthy, theprotalk 

 sure to suffer. There is no external parasite. M. J. B. 



senhouses : Beading. It is not practicable to describe via 

 you ask for ; except that the house should be made of tut 

 and heated by a flue. Prices vary greatly. Your best nj 

 will be to apply for tenders from the hothouse built 

 who weekly advertise in our columns. 



Insects : M T B. The flies produced are the perfect state of ft* 

 larva) which fed on the ripe inflorescence of the comma Lev 

 tuce. They are the Musca (Anthomyia) lactucse. s Gmi 

 Chron., 1841, p. 364, for figure and description .-# f. a* 

 beetles you have sent as injurious to your Strawberrj*lr 

 Harry w are, 1, Steropus madidus ; 2, Omaseus melrarior. I 

 Agonum parum punctatum ; 4, Peryphus littorahs, all gnat 

 beetles, Carabidse, which, from what is known of their Wfc, 

 feed upon other insects and worms; you have therefore tai 

 destroying your friends instead of enemies, which are art 

 likely either woodlice, ants, or small weevils— RJ.[8Lfy 

 Your Rose leaves are infested with the caterpillar! rf fe 

 pretty little moth Tinea ruficapitella, whose history And fpn 

 are given in Gard. Chron., 1852, p. 292. This insect is ft* 

 unconnected with the scales of the Oleander, &c. AIM 

 moths are very minute and difficult to catch, the only reaefr 

 is to collect and destroy leaves which exhibit the lines vad 

 by the mining caterpillars. W. 



May's Magnum Bonum Lettuce : S—y. This has been piwlll 

 the Horticultural Society's Garden to be nothing more mm 

 blackseeded Alphange Cos, seeds of which are annually*!! 

 to the Fellows bv the Society. It is one of those aum 

 varieties for the introduction of which kitchen gardeaen* 

 so much obliged to the Society. 



Mint : A" B. It is a very curious condition of the plant. A*g 

 engraving is in preparation, and with it, when ready. n m 

 publish our own views of the cause. 



Names of Plants : We have bpen so often obliged to reOTJT 

 decline naming heaps of dried or other plants, tn «*J?E: 

 to request our correspondents to recollect that we ™"£g? 



or could have undertaken an unlimited duty ot u» 



pec .. 



for ssjW** 



STATE OF THE WEATHER AT CHISWLCK, NEAR LONDON, 

 For the week ending July 1M, 1865. as observed at the Horticultural Garden 



July. 





Friday IS 



Satur. 1 1 



Sunday l--> 



Mon.. 16 



T>iea. 17 



Wed. is 



Thurs. 19 



Average 



9 



L 

 2 

 3 

 4 

 I 



BilOMITH. 







Max. 



29.959 



29.919 

 29.61; 

 S9.«« 

 29.74 4 

 S9.fi o 4 



-■771 



Min. 

 29,931 



29.8?2 

 29.772 

 29.464 

 29.5 44 



29.724 



29.b32 



29 6'1 



lSMFIftATIIRK. 



Oi the Air. Or the can r» 



Max. Min. Mean K loot 



deep. 



Wind -g 



1 



**■ »*»« 



7^ 



55 



75 



oi 



75 



55 



73 



46 



66 



61 



76 



46 



64 



46 



2 teet 

 deep. 



c 

 5 



67.0 

 M.5 

 6>.0 

 5 >£ 

 5».5 

 6i.« 



•5'>.0 



7--7 ai.:i 61.9 



6J* 



61$ 



81 



6:'i 



66 



62$ 



65 



Gi 



64 



62 



63 



61$ 



63 



61* 



s.w. 



S.W. 



s.w. 

 s.w. 

 s.w. 

 s.w. 



s. 



64.5 62.1 



.00 

 .29 



.41 



.4U 



.00- 

 .01 

 .36 



Tm 



July 



13-Very fine; lightning at 10 p.m.; cloudy. 

 1 l-Heavy storm 6 7 a.m. thunder. ! .tt.ing.and rain. 

 Ii— \ fry fine; cloudy an 1 fine : rain c.t ni^bt. 

 16— Overcast; cloudy; heavy rain. 

 17 — fine; cloudy; overcast and fine, 

 W— Ve?y fine throughout. 



19-Shght rain; showery; thunder storm 5—6 p.m.. clondr. 

 Mean temperature of the week 1$ deg. below the average. 



Young gardeners, to whom these remarks more eapeoill, 

 should bear in mind that, before applying t0 . u ? J . -^ 

 they should exhaust their other means of f?? 1 ? 1 ^ T.b|*ta 



We cannot save them the trouble of examining^ ^ 



for themselves ; nor would it be desirable if 'we coma. 



j~ s„ *« r-V. *i,™_ot^ Hiftt most willing 1 ?* »■ ^ 



2, Lastnea marginalis; both natives of N. AB sR k 

 1 Pleopeltis squamosa; % Cerastmm »£g^| 

 young plant of Polystichum aculcatum of no ^^^mxr 

 Apparently Stachys germanica :: ■ Inquirer. *«. w 



East. Not Anacharis but Callitricbe, which ^ ^ bii: ^ 

 the water.-PJF /. Not an Acacia ^ p a H ^j,,bilis:2. A* 

 rently G. triacanthos.-J T A. 1, Hibbert^J^^ 

 drosace Tilloaa.-Cate. Aspleninm *Nxtom**£ ^ 



ctr,vfi- and Streptocarpwsivexi. ^ 



nothtfif 



by growing in the stove; and «« -r---. » , * pk* 

 Lastrrea, specimen not perfect; 2 P tens serratoj _ 

 3, Aspleninm Trichomanes, hardy ; 4, w« 6 Pd £ 



young state; 5, Lastnea Fi lix- mas perfect ^ a YoorJl j|n 

 dium vulgare ; 7, Lasti^a ditetata- ^ lul la n» W«*~ 

 tree is Berbcris Viilgftria.--^/^.^^ icosandr* 

 J W. Stanhopea tigrina.-i? L L. ^^^^t^ 

 Peas: IV Deny er. Your new early green Jlaiio^ 

 to be different, in some respects, fron ™ ail . 5 flavon r» t< 

 like all that class of Peas it is ™te"P*™JZ B rin\V% 



of Marrow Peas. 



reas it n rryvTi Ar thewn ll * ,Ctt 

 kinds, and more particularly to ;Knig « » ° r , the * 



It is not d>stingmst>^| ledlipr i»rf« 



appearance of the green pods fron iai " ssn , p ie flfflj^ 



but it is very different in the dry reafl^ ^ *«<«£*> 



the Prize-taker. It is however, » «-- ™- ^pire. 

 flavour to many other kinds, wd not » gnd ,„, f 



is a fair one), the ^Yo^e^ STS-"* 1 * ' 



navour m many vitrei «-- •;-'-... v fl1 -rowsn« "" j| 



respect with Knight's Ta \ l JV^X 

 Nevertheless it is a very goodl . a ^ tQ &m 



hardiness and exemption from miiaew 



Page's Composition 

 mealy bug. 



red** 



season, not to the kind of Pea.f h 

 n»Ai roMPnsiTioN: WB. This will not ^ 



It kills aphides or -green fly i revf*** 

 eas-water ; at least Mr. .Goto firfJJJ 



you can Keepyuui t— - fab*** 



the syringe. _ ___ Mif Dack your ^ l H ^t«* 



Psomu: IMington. You may cut M ^^^ * 

 next April. Stauntoma is a halt nar ^ ttroI1 pi 

 much known. We presume It m»T w 

 the 



PlTTOSPOBt 



4 



great nurserymen. . - b Bangalor*-}^ Vj£ 

 TT OS P0EfM Ton.na: A 5 «Jf e ™f; nd damp fo r'V«^ 

 your Indian climate to t°° ^fine its roots W « 

 mere clay or heavy soil, and con M wib ftr "» 



means, or prune them heiore 



#•* 



commences 



Red Spider: LpJ ^« en Retimes ^ ^/m 

 vineries to become too dry, o fQcdf «na ^jj 



ch Beans arc it, fti ^u l^mls**^** 



so. Fren 



simong tl 



from them to Vines. But 

 management «"d *>» not ° C 





syringed. ^WW^ 



wash painted over the flues or ; v ni sU »ci (her ^^ 

 cont nual syringing shonW W then ^ o^ (g0 )^ 

 probably have to use first™ e ^ 8tl0B »'" 



M»c : An Old *J^«^ J°fte way- 

 but there are dUhculties w 



