Jolt 28 



THE GARDENERS 



i* 



<jotaide the north gate, which furnished me with 

 of my finest plants when I was collecting for the 

 jhrtfcBltoral Society of London, is completely destroyed. 

 A fine Glycine sinensis, which formerly covered a large 



^ is now half-buried in ruins, but is still putting 

 firth its long racemes of blue flowers half-covered with 

 £0 broken tiles and bricks, and tells in mournful accents 

 tale of peaceful times ; a noble tree of the Carnation- 

 flowered Peach which in former years used to be loaded 

 with rose, white, and striped blossoms, and admired by 

 all who saw it, has been cut down for firewood, and the 

 itnmp alone remains to tell where it grew. Hundreds 

 of pot plants are huddled together, broken, and de- 

 itroyed. The little house where the gardeners used 

 lo live is levelled with the ground, and the old lady, the 

 proprietor whom 1 have known for some years, and who 



" the concern after her husband's death, is gone 



one knows where. In the city many places are 

 in the same condition. A great portion of the cele- 

 brated tea gardens is destroyed. Here there wasone little 

 garden situated in front of a gentleman's house and sur- 

 rounded with high walls. In addition to numerous plants 



CHRONICLE 



5< 



A'lam, Cloth of Gold, Kldber, ^a, t I^EJi za . auviu ^, 



T \ Madame A udot ; 2d, Mr. Reid, for G?a"X' ZZZZZ??* u-mperature aerially, alw ke«p 



• t» *•• 



■ pots, 1 

 japonic* 



A*h _ _ 



it in the distance. The house and high walls are in ruins 

 and the trees, which have somehow escaped, can now be 

 Been a long way off, budding and becoming green amidst 

 this scene of desolation. The face of the country for 

 some miles from the city walls is also entirely changed. 

 Formerly it had a rich appearance, and Mas studded 

 aO over with clumps of trees. All have been cut down 

 for firewood for the Imperial army. Clumps of Crypto- 

 meria japonica, Juniperus sphserica, and Bamboos have 

 •ntirely disappeared. The celebrated Peach gardens 

 near the south and west gates of the city, which at this 

 time of year (April) used to be one sheet of bloom, have 

 now nothing remaining except the stumps of the trees. 

 What I regret as much as anything are some noble speci- 

 mens of Salisburia adiantifolia — the « Ging-ko " of the 

 Japanese. This is apparently indigenous to this part of 

 China, and attains to a very large size ; indeed, it is by 

 far the largest tree in the district. Its fruit, which at 

 first sight has somewhat the appearance of the Almond, 

 is much esteemed by the Chinese, and consequently 

 ahondant in the markets. Such are some of the effects 

 Of rebellion in a half civilised country like China. The 

 picture which I have endeavoured to paint applies, 

 unfortunately, to many other parts of the country besides 

 bhanghae. Hundreds of towns and villages are in the 

 ■Mne state ; their inhabitants are driven from their 



Homes by fire and sword, the innocent in many instances 

 perisn with the euiltv. and evpn wnmpn o«ri „i,;i,?™« «„« 



Batailles 



UnA r\ ' T"-™*- « ^ TV °1 mxvMmag, i/ucue» OI fcutuer- 



7n „; I? Du / al > D « v <"»iensis, Blairi, Lanei, Madame 



^outman Mogador, Souvenir de Malmaiscn, and Prin- 



m!! n £ am , ba,,e - 1>hloxes : lst > Mp - Smith > gr- to 

 Mrs. Dodd, for Antagonist, Brown's No. 2, and Cha- 



" J *. **. Kerr, gr. to R. Brown,' Esq., for 

 Browns No. 2 Chamouni, and a seedling named Alma, 

 liie b.lver Medal was awarded to Mr. Pender, of 

 Moredun, for the best collection of fruit. The prize of 

 one guinea, offered by G. Patton, Esq , to cottagers, for 



battle with Geant des Batailles, Baronne Prevost, and 

 I urple Boursault. From Messrs. Dicksons & Co 

 came Clerodendron Kampferi, Gesnera discolor! 

 Amaryllis marginata, Pelargoniums, Balsams, Irises, 

 and a box of Seedling Pansies ; from Messrs. P. Law- 

 son & Son, Oxylobium arborescens, Pimeiea Hender- 

 soni, Roses, and Fuchsias ; from Messrs. J. Dickson & 

 bons, Pentstemon Jeffreyi, Cissus discolor, Gesneras, 

 Gloxinias, and Roses ; from Messrs. E. Sang & Son 

 Lysimaclna LeschenaulLi, Cypripedium spectabile, and 

 Ins susiana ; from Messrs. Ballantyne & Sons, Roses 

 and the newer French sorts of Fancy Pelargoniums : 

 from Messrs. Downie & Laird, Stage and Fancy Pelar- 

 goniums, Verbenas and Antirrhinums ; from Mr. Han- 

 dasyde, Roses ; from Mr. Stark, Irises, Pansies, and a 

 Bouquet of Roses ; from Messrs. Young & Mackay, 

 Ranunculuses; from Messrs. Cunningham & Co., 

 Roses ; from Mr. Douglas, Fuchsi. -Irs. Story (with white 

 corolla), a semi-double Petunia and Verbena blooms ; 

 and from Mr. Stirling Linum narbonense, Lychnis 

 quadndentata, Houstonia caTulea, Slc. From the 

 garden of S. Hay, Esq., were stage and fancy Pelar- 

 goniums ; from W. Hunt, Esq., a hybrid between 

 binni ng ,aand Gloxinia, partaking of the characters of 

 both genera; from Mrs. Eraser, Androsace lanugi- 

 nosa, Luzula nivea, Betonica grandiflora, and other 

 interesting plants ; from J. Mood, Esq., a fine specimen 

 of bempervivum villosum, and three Fuchsias ; from 

 Mr. Halliday, Scone Palace, two Queen Pines ; from 

 Mr. Laing, Dysart House, bloom of Rhododendron 

 Maddeni; from Mr. W. 



a K m0 x? here in a Btete of n V* d motio »- w « trust to hear 

 hat Mr. Hood has applied his extensive periencc to 



tins all important subject In the maw while we extract 



some remarks which have a direct bearing upon it 



printing m italics what gardeners should most especially 

 bear in mind :— r~*" j 



" Precisely the same effects as here described take 

 place m the ventilating of rooms by openings at any 

 height above the level of the floor. ^ The h Xest open. 

 mg alone wdla* as the abduction tube, and all opening 

 below this will act as induction tubes, reducing £e dis- 

 charge by lowering the temperature of die air in the 

 upper part of the room, and also by caunw in it counter 

 currents. Some modifications, of this result will, how- 

 ever, occasionally occur, as, for instance, when the 

 abduction tube is too small ; in which case the next 

 lowest opening will also act in carrying off the heated 

 air. On the other hand, when the ojk nings for the 

 admission of cold air are too small in proportion to those 

 for the egress < f the hot air, then the > rrent of cold air 

 will descend through part of the h< air tube, and the 

 hot air will ascend through the other part of the 

 same tube. 



Melville, Dalmeney Park, 

 blooms of Tropseolum Scheuermanianum, and a hybrid 

 variety raised from it ; from Mr. Pender, Pentstemon 

 Jeffreyi, and a white-fleshed Melon raised from Crimean 

 seeds, which, though not highly flavoured, was stated to 

 be very early ; from Mr. D. Nicol, Roses ; from Mr. 

 W. Thomson, Dracophyllum gracile and Pimeiea de- 

 cussata ; from Mr. Young, Stocks and Antirrhinums ; 

 from Mr. Macfarlane, Ranunculuses ; and from Mr. 

 Forgie, Ranunculuses. Among plants from the 



trees in pots, well 

 furnished with ripe fruit, and a few other fruit trees 

 from the orchard-house, erected in the garden by 

 Lord Murray. 



foreigners residing in this country, enthusiasm has 

 generally glve n way to common sense, and thev have 

 ■ow no hopes of the Christian character of the Canton 

 or Shanghae rebellion ; indeed there has even been 

 Wong proof that thieves or pirates would be a much 

 ■ore ^appropriate name to apply to them than the sacred 



*L/ .k v ?•• Let us h °P e for better things as 

 «pras the banking insurgents and their leader Tai-ping- 



^ottcesf of 35oohsf 



Sn W ^ DWe knw them as intimately as we nave 

 SZLh rt ? " ntrymen at Shanghae and Canton. 

 SE P1C Ure Which l have S iv *n of some parts 



I relre JL a ^ me!andloI y one > U must not be suppled 



"»W tl ?8 eneral condition of the empire. China 



•large country, and those parts disturbed by rebellion 



Perfectl • n!?"r p , ro P ortLon to the remainder, which is 

 gw*U > und.st urbed. Indeed, even a mile or two away 



°mi?«i "J* * ,G , hands of the rebels we find the 

 ntinj'lk T aJ?* hus bandman engaged in culti- 

 *<M d\21 Ihus {t is that notwithstanding all 



Sr S2"£\. we have no Iack °f tea, silk, and the 

 art,d * 8 wluch form the bulk of our exports. R F. 



A 



^octettes 



fcSS"^ Hor « 



cultural. — This was an extra 



n Com i' ' — V> "* UXVA1 « — a uis wa 



u foU °ws, vi/ *—' at Which P remiums were awarded 



PfeVtt 



9A . ^1 to ^ lr * Stirling, for Aistroemeria 



%Ifor Gllvi ° ^f" Blair ' S r - t0 G - C - Arbuthnot, 

 **- Themsnn alb o-sanguinea. Cape Heaths : 1st, 



tabic* 



•hght, 



st, Mr. Henderson, gr. to C. K. Sive- 



*»~Mr Fnl \ ^mielme and a seedling named Stella : 

 *"» and Zl \ gf - t0 W ' Anderson, Esq , for Opti- 

 19 S - Ha» L-f ge J- me - N ot ; and 3d, Mr. Cameron, gr. 

 !*tonis in fi '•' u Ma g net and Forget-me-Not. Pelar- 

 5*. for JW cl LP° te : 1st, Mr. Henderson, Cargil- 

 ^ ; 2d M. % Poi1 ^ Conspicuum, Little Nell, and 

 iH^na' and p St ' for C «nspicuum, Magnificent, 

 ^- Arrest W n ena - Fancy Pelargoniums : 1st, 

 v>^- Stewart ° ° f Fancie s and Princess Marie ; 



* a rt. gr. to theMarquess of Dalhousie for Queen 

 ecora : and 3d, Mr. Cameron, for Fairy 



es. Fancv Polnrffnniums in 6-inch 



^!S?M dyDowu 



^* P*eL L*a J?! nder son, for Erubescens, Midia, Lady 

 *»r» o^ 40 J C elest.al ; 2d, Mr. Cameron, for Princess 



, -^ flTn , Cora ' and Q ue en of Fairies; and 3d, 



»« Oth-n s I or ^lestial. Carlntt ft r?w E ; n„^«« o.,«-,n 



'"■eet, 



Kr 



H 



JL H Mr 



BanSs 8 n : Ut > iV i r " Walker ' &' t0 J - Mood » 

 ** a l^Iory and Queen of Hanover ; 2d, 



nderso 



for 



Practical Treatise on Warming Buildings hy Hot 

 Water ; on Ventilation, <L-c. d*c. By Charles Hood, 

 F.R.S. 8ve. ; Whitaker, pp. 386. The third edition, 

 greatly enlarged. 



The great value of this book is universally acknow- 

 ledged ; nor does the author at all overstate its import- 

 ance when he says that it still u continues to be the only- 

 work which treats at large upon the principles of heating 

 buildings by hot water ; and the general application of 

 this invention to the numerous and varied purposes to 

 which it is applicable." Mr. Hood announces that — 



" The present edition will be found to contain some 

 considerable and useful additions. They are almost 

 entirely of a practical character, being principally 

 additional remarks on such parts of the subject as have 

 either occurred to the author, or have been pointed out 

 as requiring further explanation. The object which has 

 been aimed at has been to render the work as clear as 

 possible to practical men, while, at the same time, it 

 should not be below the notice of those who might desire 

 either to acquaint themselves with the scientific prin- 

 ciples of the invention, or with the general bearing of 

 the subject, on the health, the comfort, the physical 

 development, and even the duration of life of a large 

 portion of the human race. The effects of unwholesome 

 air on the animal economy from imperfect ventilation, 

 and deleterious methods of producing artificial warmth, 

 is a subject which has excited hitherto far too little 

 attention." 



This statement we willingly endorse, but we could 

 have wished to see the ventilation of plant houses in a 

 prominent position. No one is more likely than the 

 learned author of the treatise before us to work out the 

 greatest problem now remaining to be solved in garden- 

 ing ; namely, how to maintain the atmosphere inside a 

 plant home in the same condition in all respects as that on 

 the outside of it, temperature excepted. But this has not 

 engaged his attention. The ventilation of inhabited 

 places is that to which Mr. Hood's practical conclusions 

 mainly apply ; and admirably are they stated. But 

 glass houses, with their open laps, their innumerable 

 chinks and cracks, their complete exposure to the 

 weather, and the peculiar demands which the gardener | 

 should make upon the engineer, although they cannot 

 affect the great nrincinles of ventilation, nevertheless do 



iiumm enecta are frequently wy sensibly felt in 

 church** and other buildings, where part 



on w effected hy means of th tdowi. The col air 

 entering at these windows generally descends upoa the 

 heads of those who are ]. laced near them. The < tfect of 

 this entering current is to lower the temperature of the 

 vitiated air, which parts with a port n oi its boat to the 

 fresh air entering the building, a I the vitiated air 

 being heavier than fresh air of the same temperature, it 

 falls by its greater specile mmty,awi is again breathed 



by the persons assembled, instead of the jure air which 

 they would have received ha I the openings for the ad- 

 mission of the fresh air been at or near the floor of the 

 building. 



" No plan of vmtila m can be worse than that }uM 

 described, which, however is the method adopted in a 

 very great majority of churches and other large buildings. 

 Notwithstanding this plan hts obtained such extensive 

 adoption, it is certain that U u opposed i every sound 

 principle of sci< *, and has had its rise in the mod 

 perfect ignorance of the physical laws; and no better 

 proof than this needs be adduced to show how very 

 httle the true principles of ventilation have been studied, 

 and how erroneous any conclusions on this subject are 

 likely to prove that are not based on the known laws 

 which gov. rn the motions of fluids. 



" In all the methods of vent ttion, it is advisable to 

 make the aggregate area of the openings tha> 'dmit t 

 fresh air, larger than the aggregate openmgs for the fjRuz 

 of the vitiated air. Tin's becomes necessary notwith- 

 standing the increase of volume which takes place in 

 J the heated and vitiated air. If the site course be 



adopted, and the abduction tubes be larger than the 

 eduction, then a counter current takes place in the hot air 

 or ventilating lubes, and the cold air descends through 

 them ; but by making the induction tubes numerous, 

 and of a large total area, the velocity of the entering 

 current is reduced, and unpleasant draughts are avoided. 

 It is also expedient to divide the entering currmt at 

 much as possible; for by so doing it prevents the 

 dangerous effects of cold draughts, when the entering 

 current is colder than the air of the room : and when it 



is hotter than the air of the room, it prevents the air 

 from rising too rapidly towards the ceiling, and there- 

 fore distributes it more equally throughout the apart- 

 ment Provided the aggregate openings for the 

 admission of cold air be not less than those for the 

 emission of the heated air, the quantity of air which 

 enters a room depends less upon the size or number of 

 the openings which admit the fresh air, than upon the 

 size of those by which the vitiated air is carried off. 

 This will be evident when it is considered that, the room 

 being always absolutely full of air, no more air can enter 

 until a portion of that already in the room be removed. 

 But as soon as a portion of the air which previously 

 occupied the room is removed, a similar quantity of 

 fresh air rushes in to supply its place; the quantity 

 entering being exactly equal to that which escapes." 



The Working Man's Gardener, by C. Taylor (Groom- 

 bridge, \s.) is a useful guide to the Cottager, written by 

 Mr. Melville Portal's gardener. It is evidently the 

 production of a working man, and suits perfectly all that 

 valuable class. In farm houses it will be found pecu- 

 liarly useful. 





FLORICULTURE. 



Scottish Passy Society'^ Exhibition.— The eleventh annual 

 eeting took place tins year at Dalkeith, in connection with the 

 Jiibition of tha Dalkeith Horticultural S ety. Generally 

 eaking the flowers wen iown in excellent condition, and most 

 jieties of any note, whether old or new. were present among 

 them. The leading prizes were awarded as follows :— Nursery- 



w.-. 



«.t 



lUa * m Griffiths 



men, best 24 distinct varieties, six competitors.— 1st, Messrs. 

 I>ownie & Laird, with Jubile* ft yal Standard, Countess of 

 Strathmore. Sovereign, Fanny Kemble, Fearless, Miriam, Father 

 Gavazzi, I is Talbot, Flower of the Day, Lady I milio, Non- 

 pareil, Mary Taylor, Marchioness of Bath, Sir J. Cathcart, 

 Beauty, St. Andrews, Sultan. Alice, Sheriff Napier, Argo, Incle 

 Tom's Cabin, Mrs. Campbell, Charles Cowan. Practical Gar- 

 deners and Amateurs, best IS 12 competitors.— 1st, Mr. Hender- 

 son, gr. to C. K. &m wright, Esq., with Duke of Pertb, Lord 

 Raglan, Royal Standard, Jubilee, Kmperor, Flower of the Day, 

 Sir C. Napier, Royal Visit, I tiooal, St. Andrews, Fearless, 

 Yellow Climax, Monarch, Beauty, Sir J. Cathcart Pandora, 

 Sovereign. Practical Gardeners and Amateurs, best It, 17 com 

 peti tors.— 1st, Mr. J. Hampton, jun., with Marchioness Katb, 

 Sir J. Cathcart, Flower ot the Day, Pandora, Black Warrior 

 Miss Talbot, Sovereign, Uncle Tom's Cabin, Miriam, Lady 



