August 4, 



THE GARDEXI-R-S' ClIllOWCLE 



J* 



la 



ffavrer*, e\] ci i merit should be made, as si 9 ted 

 14 years since by Dr. Lindley, with a view to 



effect of nitrate of soda, sulphate of soda, 



„te of ammonia, and muriate of ammonia, which 



d to arrest the power of extension in plants * 



If these green-eyed flowers are carefully ex- 



fbeir condition will be found to vary greatly. 



tome the common receptacle of the carpels is as 



re as ever, though almost every carpel is more or 



1^1 perfectly transformed into a leaf, while in others it 



ly thicker than the common stalk, and the 

 car peb with a few exceptions, or sometimes without one, 

 iie arranged spirally round a projecting axis. In most 

 of these cases not only is there a tendency to produce 

 fcvqoent spires of leaves around the axis, but to develope 

 their axillary buds. In one now before me there is a 

 bad in every axil, and in many cases the petals are dis- 

 tinctly formed though almost destitute of colour ; so 

 perfectly indeed, that a little judicious treatment might 

 probably eaase the development of a bunch of new 

 dowers from the centre of the old, a circumstance which 

 ifl some rare instances does really take place. 



348. We have before mentioned this production of 

 distinct inflorescence from the axils of bracts. It 

 occurs not uofrequently where the leaves are multiplied 

 beyond their normal condition. It takes place, however 

 constantly in certain varieties, as in the Hen and 

 Chicken Daisy and some other Composite, and indeed 

 the normal inflorescence of some species in that lar<»e 

 order is not very different. It occurs, however, where 

 there is no question of mere bracts, as in the curious 

 flower of Ctlastrus scandens figured after Kunth in the 

 « Theory of Horticulture/' Ed. 1 , p. 50. The compound 

 Strawberry (igured in Gardeners* Chronicle, 1845, p. 496 

 belongs probably to the same category. M. J. B. ' 





II they 



f ru i t . 



do 



tl 



not, mey . annul produce a crop o 

 [We hope our entomological friends' will 



«i; 



tnom. 



u 



suirar 



- . - — — - The quatitiiv < f 



favour us with aa 'expiration of t&lac'tTtims d<" nT,!™l.T ^"^ " me ^^ }*' *"* T " ,ade 

 «rii.»,i i y cw l " U8 ae particular inquiries as to whether the T that an 



scribed.] 



SCENTED TEA. 



r A COMMTN 10 ATTOX TO T! 



Mb. \ .toKE. 



soeined • re mixed up «Mi large quan . , 



rented kinds. The Chinese unhesitating] v affirrarf 

 that such was not the cue, but notwithstanding their 

 assert mus, I confess I have some doubt on this point. 



"The length of time which Teaa thus scented retain 

 their Mem is most remarkable. It varies, however, 

 witto the different sorts. Thu die Olea fragrans Tea 

 will only keep well for one year ; at the end of two 



L e ]t™" .I-* 8 -*;'. , er - be< ;? me M<>n!ess, or has a peculiar 

 "' ■•■-•--■ * -• rj, Bcented u ; t h 



- ««.r.i.cc»i waxing inquiries lor some time past 

 about the curious process of scenting Teas for the foreign 

 markets ; but the answers I received to my questions 



were so unsatisfactory, that I gave up all hopes of under- . . .— t „«..„.. 



standing the business until I had an opportunity of 0,, y odour which ] 8 disagreeable. 



seen; and judging for myself. During a late visit to i 0r ange blossoms and with those of t 



Canton I was informed the process might be seen in we " <or tn " or three years, and the S 



full operation in a Tea factory on the Island of Honan. '■ ,,lree or four years. The Aglaia 



-Messrs. Walkinshaw and Thorburn, two gentlemen well la »g« than any, and is said to preset 



acquainted with the various kinds of Teas sent annually >ix ) e » r «- 'i'he Tea scented with the Sieu-hin* is said 



ECONOMY OF THE GOOSEBERRY 



CATERPILLAR. 



Last year we had no caterpillars. Our garden is sepa- 

 rated on the east side by a high wall from that of a 

 market gardener. Last year about this time after the 

 young growth was made his bushes were attacked and 

 completely cleared of leaves. He has, however, had a 

 frir crop of fruit this year, and with it a serious visita- 

 tion of the pest, clearing off all the foliage and entirely 

 •topping the growth of the young wood. Of course he 

 can look for no fruit next season. Early in June the 

 euter.y wind brought the fly over the wall that sepa- 

 rates as^ and the Gooseberry trees on the east side of 

 our garden were at once affected. In searching them 

 minutely, here and there a leaf was found with a row 



LTu V ' a P ed , eggs de P° si te" on the midrib of 

 U» lobe of each leaf, but the number was entirely in- 



SterSr 1° aCC0 " Ut m r , the *«*«*<«» appearance of 



«m2i ' n01 * cou,d there be f0ulld ™y £»ces of 



«« ?,! ggS Up0D the ,eaves where the caterpillars, 



S G™»I hC • egg9 We found did llot Produce 



AtXt fT-; Cater P i,lar > "« d that we were at fault, 

 i ,5, fir8t a PP ea ^nce in June we tried to destroy 



^ccoTwaterStd 611 ^^ ** ^ ,nd fumeS > 

 *ut anitT wT v S , oda ' wam water » and i; me 





to Europe and America, consented to accompany me to 

 this factory, and we took with us the Chinese merchant 

 to whom the place belonged. 



* In a corner of the building there lay a large heap 

 of Orange liowers, which filled the air with the most 

 delicious perfume. A man was engaged in sifting them, 

 to get out the stamens and other smaller portions of the 

 flower. This process was necessary, in order that the 

 flowers might be readily sifted out of the Tea after the 

 scenting had been accomplished. The Orange flowers 

 being fully expanded, the large petals were easily sepa- 

 rated from the stamens and smaller ones. In 100 parts 

 70 per cent, were used and 30 thrown awav. When the 

 Orange is used, its flowers must be fully' expa led, in 

 order to bring out the scent ; but flowers of Jasmine 

 may be used in the bud, as they will expand and emit 

 their fragrance during the time they are mixed with the 

 Tea. When the flowers had been sifted over in the 

 manner described they were ready for use. In the 

 meantime the Tea to be scented had been carefully 

 manipulated, and appeared perfectly dried and finished. 

 At this stage of the process it is worthy of observing, 

 that while the Tea was perfectly dry the Orange flowers 

 were just as they had been gathered from the trees. 

 Large quantities of the Tea were now mixed up with 

 the flowers, in the proportion of 40 lbs. of flowers to 

 100 lbs. of Tea. This dry Tea and the undried flowers 

 were allowed to lie mixed together for the space of 

 24 hours. At the end of this time the flowers were 

 sifted out of the Tea, and by the repeated sifting and 

 winnowing processes which the Tea had afterwards to 

 undergo they were nearly all got rid of. Sometimes a 

 few stray ones are left in the Tea, and may be detected 

 even alter it arrives in England. A small portion of 

 Tea adheres to the moist flowers when they are sifted 

 out, and this is generally given away to the poor, who 

 pick it out with the hand. 



" The flowers, at this part of the process, had im- 



to be most e med by foreigners, although it is put 

 down as second or third-rate by the Chinese. 



" It appears from these investigations that many kinds 

 of fragrant flowers besides those used by the Chin< 

 would answer the purpose equally well, and therefore in 

 1 laces like India, where Tea is likely to be produced 

 upon an « \!msive scale, experiments in seeming might 

 be made with any kinds of Jasmines, Daphnes, Auran- 

 tiaceous, or other fragrant plants indigenous to the 

 country." 



*em with 



Home Correspondence. 



Transplanting Evergreent. — Whatever may be ex 

 perienced by different parties in various localities, I 

 conclude that it will be granted by most men vho are 

 at all conversant with the subject that autumn is the 

 safest and consequently the 1 t time to transplant 

 evergreens. When I say autumn I mean the latter 

 half of September and first half of October: so much 

 as to time in general. Nevertheless, I would in every 

 instance advise the operation to be modified b; 

 exercise of a sound discretion on the part of the 

 manager— be he gardener or not ; and bv his judgment 

 of the character and quality of the soil, tlie state of the 

 weather at the time, the size and condition of the plants, 

 &c. &c, all which must be regulated by the good sense 

 of the planter, and on the right exercise of this, success 

 or failure will follow. Without any high pretensions, 

 I may state that I have had some experience in plant- 

 ing, the n suit of which is, that in this, as in most other 

 things, there are exceptions to general rules ; hut, on 

 the whole, my endeavour in transplanting an evergreen 

 would be as to time to do it early enough to Jet the roots 

 get a living hold of the soil before the vital action of the 

 plant is arrested by the approaching cold of winter. It 

 Sometimes happens that evergreens plant 1 in spring do 

 well. ]f plants and ground are in relative right con- 



, _ ^ wmmmm „. „ — r .™, w , , M „- , dition, and the atmosphere clouded, the roots act at 



pregnated the Tea leaves with a large portion of their once, and they are safe ; this \% an exception : but if 

 peculiar odours, but they had also left behind them a keen dry winds and clear sky are then prev dent, adieu 

 certain portion of moisture, which it was necessary to to the evergrt ens. Many years ago somebody ( I have 



"~ forgotten who) wrote something plausible about the 





u 



*tt soon 



difficulty 

 wee that 



But 



this visitation 



me r,i 



v w upon. \\ 



weeorfo 

 covered w i 



wa TV CCiva aiier lts "rst appear- 

 *e ^could procure a caterpillar to experi- 



e succeeded, ^ however, in capturing 





three 



properly supplied v 

 died after havino- made 



having 



an 



I wo or 

 attempt xl f ormi 



•ucceedsv, ;« 5 ? ww «* « tne bottom of the bowl ; 

 Wofa malt t a eaf - U was about the siz * and 



h «^ttd an« S - ar ' P,imi - lQ ab0Ufc tliree Weeks the 



*««^CteS , ? g t0 the figure at page 50 °- The 



**** *oo]d 1m . ^ coco ons at the bottom of the 

 Wow. m t0 Hecate a natural tendency to 



About 

 fc » *ort °mi h a f g ° th ! ca terpillars reappeared, and 

 *>* leaves ' thl iX ped the Go <»eberry trees of all 

 CBtt WMni'.ffi. attacked the «» and white 



** •*« proved „„ 7' S v, d tried the b,ack one8 » bu * 

 * WmnJ ^ lit?/? ata v' e - Durin g this la8t attack 



*? b**i>«^ „f ^V' a,n : e wit " «>««*, and supposing 



j a a I _ _ • * 



towed *} w «"i iiiciu, aiiu 8 



S** 1 ^ we *UnA de Poaited their cocoons in the 

 ?*** Fern Jr. a q ua ntity of suitable mould in a 

 ***** to wevA«f 0Vercd 8ufficie »tly close with a large 



Hble IV • eSCa P e > and undep this we put a 



expel. This was done by placing the Tea once more 

 over slow charcoal fires in baskets and sieves prepared 

 for the purpose of drying. The scent communicated by 

 the flowers is very slight for some time, but like the 

 fragrance peculiar to the Tea-leaf itself, comes out after 

 being packed for a week or two. Sometimes this scent- 

 ing process is repeated when the odour is not considered 

 sufficiently strong ; and the head man in the factory 

 informed me he sometimes scented twice with Orange 

 flowers, and once with the ' Mo-le' (Jasminum Sambac). 



u The flowers of various plants are used in scent- 

 ing by the Chinese, some of which are considered 

 better than others, and some can be had at seasons 

 when others are not procurable. 1 considered it of 

 some importance to the elucidation of this subject to piece of this 

 find out not only the Chinese names of these various' 1 

 plants, but also by examining the plants themselves, to 

 be able to give each the name by which it is known 

 to scientific men in all parts of the world. The follow- 

 ing list was prepared with great care, aud may be fully 

 relied upon. The numbers prefixed express the 

 relative value of each kind in the eyes of the Chinese, 



j and the asterisks point out those which are mostly used 



| for Ecenting Teas for the foreign markets : — 



1. Rose, scented (Tsing moi-qui hwa). 



1 or 2. Plum, double (Mid hwa). 

 2*. Jasminum Sambac (Mo-le hwa). 



2 or 3*, Jasminum paniculatum (Sieu-hing-hwa). 

 4*. Aglaia otlorata (Lan-hwa, or Yu-chu-lan). 

 5. Olea fra oralis (Kwei hwa). 

 6*. Orange (Chang hwa). 

 7*. Gardenia florida (Pak-sema hwa). 



saiety o! transplanting deciduous trees in summer when 

 full of leaf ; to test the matter, 1 transplanted some 

 Black Italian Poplars (I think six in number) in free 

 growth, and in an open sandy meadow near the side of 

 a river. The trees were carefully lifted, saving all 

 their roots, which were carefully and naturally laid out 



5?** 1 *ith fresh 1p th ^P est > keeping them well "It has been frequently stated that the Chloran thus 

 ^•^aile.to^.^ 68- , Here .^ey were observed, i is largely used. This appears to be a mistake, origi- 

 nating, no doubt, in the similarity of its Chinese name to 

 that of Aglaia odorata. The Chloranthus is called 



a f n »»*.*** *wvj ncio UUOCT >'CU. 



P *** d - The eart] &nge C0l °" r ' and in thne the ? disa P" 



»**be<L C """*«« then eare 



* 



left 



S could we find, save their old 



upon the surface. We presume * Kuri- 

 »ers of yonr corr esp( ' 



round their cocoons in the soil under the 





*Chu Ian': 



^^h',"vef 0l <Jl ^' Onr corespondents, are satisfied 

 We ul.^ e hav e not been so successful, though we 



*e Jfef l!f , th * ** "ieST* 8 fadi 



the Aglaia * Lan'or * Yu-chu-lan. [Yet we 

 can positively assert that the peculiar fruit of Chloran- 

 thus, as well as its flowers, occurs in some scented Tea.] 



I 



in wide and not deep holes, and saturated with water 

 (which, however, the soil would not retain) most plenti- 

 fully. The result was that every one died. Could any- 

 thing else have been expected ! So much for listening 

 to idle day-dreamers. I ought to have stated that the 

 Poplars were from 15 to 20 feet in height. Qiiercw. 

 Erica ttiralix alba. — Allow me to furnish you with a 



I have grown many thousands of it, and 

 have always considered it a variety, but it appears from 

 the specimen sent to be a sport. Jottn Cattell, WaUrkam*. 

 [We suppose such to be the case, since the specimen 

 sent consists of four branches, on one of which the 

 flowers are red, the remainder being white.] 

 mm JDioscorea Batatas, — I begin to feel convinced that 

 what has l>een said in favour of this esculent as a pro- 

 fitable acquisition to British industry is far from being 

 true, and that the public has been led to spend money 

 upon an article of no practical value. Nor does there 

 appear to be any beauty in the foliage or habit of the 

 plant to attract attention beyond that of "a Scarlet 

 Runner. Mr. Henderson's pamphlet contains much 

 encouragement, but theoretical plausibility does now 

 what it ever has done — fails to satisfy a practical public. 

 I always feel it disagreeable to impugn or throw dis- 

 credit over what appears to be respectable evidence, 

 but in this case there is no other alternative, and 

 now let us appeal to facts. Like others I was 

 supplied with tubers, which were placed in small 

 pots about the beginning of April, and submitted 

 to a temperature of 60° till the shoots had grown 

 5 or 6 inches in length. The plants were then 

 removed to a cooler situation, and ultimately t« * 



*w 



Ju**ket 



es from 



h whT* 7 hlc] \ was completely stripped of its 

 *.* ^ V orrn d ° the pupa> exist in the ground ? 



Some recommend de- 



a* *ill 



th 



e suffered. 



*** t£ * ,! le , ar >, lf the trees form 





~ v » mey will bear 



young wood 



- me uinerenc nowers wmcii 1 nave just nameu are removed to m 



not all used in the same proportions. Thus, of Orange cold frame, where they remained till they were planted 

 flowers there are 40 lbs. to 100 lbs. of Tea ; of Aglaia in the open air, which was towards the middle of June. 

 there are 100 lbs. to 100 lbs.; and of Jasminum Sambac The situation chosen for them was a south border, well 

 there are 50 lbs. to 100 lbs. The flowers of the Sieu- drained, and at the time of planting the heat of the 

 hiiig (Jasminum paniculatum), are generally mixed with j border at 1 foot deep was 64°. The surface was formed 

 those of the Mo-le (Jasminum Sambac), in the propor- into ridges from 5 to 7 inches high, and upon the top of 

 tion of 10 lbs. of the former to 30 lbs. of the latter, and j these the shoots were closely pegged down. For three 

 the 40 lbs. thus produced are sufficient for 100 lbs. of j weeks the plants were covered every night with large 

 Tea. The • Kweihwa 1 (Olea fragraus) is used chiefly in . bell-glasses, and as a precaution against cutting winds 

 the northern districts as a scent for a rare and ex pen- 'throughout the day Laurel branches were placed in 

 sive kind of Hyson Pekoe— a Tea which forms a most rows between the ridges. With all this care and close 



delicious and refreshing beverage when taken a la i attention to other matters, the shoots do not increase in 



