THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



length ; they wither at the points, die off, and are suc- 

 ceeded from below the soil by fresh growths, which 

 share the fate of their predecessors 



that 



unless in a close house or pit the effect is less . insuring perfect ventilation, umWnmy^fV i - 



without scorching the persons or matter* exl!^** 

 It is evident that in a plant-house, bv th* £!S te * 



powerful, as it seems to me that the gases evolved in its 

 The above is the I application play a prom nent part in the work of 



destruction. I have, however, used it with certain 

 effect on green fly on Roses and other plants, and black 

 fly on Cherries, and I am bound to say that having 

 taken farewell of Tobacco at 45. per pound, I have failed 

 to procure so effective and economical a substitute as 



W* Watt, Aswarby Park. [But 



result of my experience, and I know that others who 

 have tried die plant have fared no better. A. Cramb, 

 Gardener to the Right Hon. Earl Ducie at Tortworth. 

 [It is too soon to say what it is worth, the tubers not 

 bein* formed till August and September.] 



Gooseberry Caterpillar.- Some years ago we were that under notice nuestion 1 



visited in this neighbourhood with a green caterpillar what of mealy jbng and scale >?^ hat is the question.] 



which destroyed every leaf on the Gooseberry bushes, Protecting Wall Trees m Spring. _ 



hnrfinTth^time^e have had none, though other the present day when a generally received opinion has 



^rha^ffered severely. I think this arises from been established for some time, the observations of any 



rSStii I have since adopted every sprin: about one who wishes to differ wide y r ™^\?V™°?™ 



M r - • ■ thought unworthy of notice ; but as " W. if. (see 



•* 



I am aware that in 



of a large volume of air at a moderate' taZJSZ*** 

 a current ot wind might be obtained by openin/tkl 

 dows or other apertures, and that without oW^ 

 scorching or chilling the plants, for air would * 

 instead ot coming in. It has, however, occurs £ 

 that Mr. Strutt's plan might be slightly improve* 

 by causing the warm air pipe to be carried th. 2" 



* 



At this time the bullfinches attack the buds 



pract 



February. 



of the Gooseberry and Currant bushes, and in order to 



prevent them I scatter over the bushes on a damp 



morning a plentiful dose of soot ; this sticks to the buds, 

 and being bitter, the birds will not attack them— of 

 course a considerable 



p. 502) has just made some remarks on the subject, I 

 have ventured to say that whilst so much attention is 

 paid to protecting from frost, I think too little is 

 thought of protecting from rain as well, which your 



length of the house, piercing the pipe with holes mo* 

 heated air, for_ in this way the whole hoiwew^^ 



less large, according to their distance from the 



infltxtf 



equally warmed and ventilated. 



portion falls to the ground, and I . correspondent's remarks appear to show is requisite, 

 have no doubt kills any larva or eggs of the caterpillar and this has been my o«n idea for a .long time. ^ Indeed so 

 that may be deposited there. 



The soot is sown broad- much importance do I attach to this, that I do not con- 



cast two or three times during the early spring, and the 

 ground is forked over soon afterwards. Anon. 



sider a wall effectually protected unless some means are 

 employed for carrying off the moisture, though I may 

 add that neither the want of covering from frost or 

 rain is the only cause of blossoms not setting. I should 



Of course that ^ 

 would be carried along the side opposite to that at m 

 were situated the windows, or other apertures to tk 

 external atmosphere. B. * 



Leaf Burning (see p. 269). — If " G. L." will 

 2 pounds of bay salt with each pail of whitewash vmL 

 it may then be applied on the outside of hi 2 



&0 



I have tried the following experiment, which came to my 



knowledge through an experienced gardener, and have w 



found it quite satisfactory. In order to get rid of the be glad to hear from those correspondents who have 



number of caterpillars that were infesting our bushes not protected at all how they, as well as W. H., have 



my gardener put branches of common Furze or Gorse succeeded, for if only those who were to protect by 



in the middle of each bush, and in my own garden the slight coverings were to have a crop, doubtless 



caterpillars disappeared in two days, neither could any. there are many who would have none at all. 



trace be found of them, and the remainder of the 

 leaves are now quite healthy. A ., July 31. [ We have the 

 same statement from ' : a constant reader" at Liverpool ] 



many 

 /. Divers, Maidstone. — 

 there will be a splendid 

 St. Fagan's, for 



In about a fortnight 



show of Apricots at 



all those who can and have 



the time to view it, or for those who are still doubting 



without the least danger of its washing off Then 

 however, an old saying that there is no good witboat 

 evil, the truth of which I have experienced in nb 

 to the use of whitewash; I employed it on a sto.e riaai 

 with sheet glass, 16 oz. to the foot, and it certainly m. 

 vented burning, but it obstructed heat, and next nut 

 none of my plants bloomed so profusely as I could 

 wished them. J. Gadd, Bignor Park, Petworth. 



octette** 



Some years since, when residing near Exeter, I 

 had a small patch of Gooseberry bushes which were so to be convinced of the efficacy of my mode of covering, 

 voraciously attacked by caterpillars that scarcely a leaf a woodcut representation of which you gave at p. 373. 

 was left, the fruit withered, and the stalks were left Every admirer of fine fruit must lament that the 

 tare. Having read, I believe in the Gardeners" Chro- Moorpark is very apt to gum and die off, and leave our 

 nick, that lime round the roots in spring was an walls sadly vacant and obliged to be renewed. A gentle- 

 effectual remedy, I adopted the suggestion. Before the ' man of some experience proposed in order to remedy 

 buds came out the following spring, I took away the ' this evil to sow the stones of the Breda and Hems- 

 earth from around the stems, just uncovering the roots, 

 and replaced it with earth well mixed with lime, some 



Botanical of Edinburgh, June 14.— The P] 



in the chair. The following papers were reid:- 

 1. Remarks on the Calami te and Sternbergia of the 

 Carboniferous Epoch, by Dr. Fleming. 2. On the 

 Dyeing Properties of Lichens, by Dr. W. L. Liakr. 

 In this paper the author endeavours to direct pobbe 

 attention specially to the two following facts, viz^fat, 

 that in our own country many native Lichens, whiek 

 grow more or less abundantly, might, with adrantaje 

 and economy, be substituted for the somewhat expewn 

 and scarce foreign Roccellas and other dye-Lictai 



kirke Apricot, and when grown up to bud these stocks 



^ with the Moorpark, in the hope of giving that plant a usually employed in the manufacture of ochil, cudbear, 



three or four spadefuls to each bush. The effect was better constitution and a firmer stamina. It is hoped and litmus ; and, secondly, that in our coloniee and 

 very satisfactory, as there were very few caterpillars 

 the following summer. I repeated the liming the next 

 spring and rarely saw a caterpillar afterwards. Ephra, 

 Birkenhead. Observing that Mr. Manser, of Kew, 



had suffered severely by the Gooseberry caterpillar, 

 I have recommended him to try a decoction of Furze 

 (Gorse) shoots, either from a syringe or rose water-pot. 

 It will neither injure fruit nor tree, and in our case was 

 eminently successful, seldom having to repeat it twice, 

 and never, that I am aware of, oftener. We saw the 



recipe in print several years ago, and I think in your j as the practice of the great growers, so I have 



that some spirited individual will put the scheme in 

 practice, for while the nurserymen can readily sell their 

 deficient Moorparks, it is to be feared they will not incur 

 the trouble and expense of making the experiment. 

 W. B. M. Lisle, L.L.D., St. Pagan's, Cardiff. 



Strawberries. — As a private gentleman growing the, - — uv —«~ „. - - * 



above, I always paid attention to every article in your bodies, to whom he leaves its practical '^ cie ™J 

 Paper on the subject. Those articles invariably recom- application, viz., firstly— chemists, orchil, cudbear, a* 

 mend that the plants should be renewed every two or litmus manufacturers ; importers and e *P orteI V; 

 three years at the most ; it is laid down to be imitated Orchella weeds and other dye-Lichen^ dyers, «. , 



foreign countries to which we have access, 

 valuable as dye- Lichens probably grow in abundance- 

 might be collected and transported easily and cheaply— 

 and thus become important and lucrative articles of 

 commerce. He is desirous of bringing the subject undjf 

 the notice of the following classes of persons or scientific 



paper. R. Harvey, Plassey, Limerick. 



My Goose- 



berry trees are entirely free from caterpillars this year, 

 whereas last year the leaves were devoured, and the 

 crop of fruit spoiled by them. Finding myself much 

 more fortunate than my neighbours in this respect, 

 I attribute it to the fact of my having had the trees well 

 washed with strong tank water (from the stable) just as 

 the bud was bursting, and I strongly recommend all 

 those who have suffered from the Gooseberry scourge 

 this year, to try this plan next spring. My Currant 



under- ! secondly, scientific societies, such as the Royal, Gap* 

 inciple phicai and Botanical, and the Society of Arts;p<« 



stood it. Now will you kindly explain on what principle phi^i «uu ^uiau.^., ««« ^ . -.v 



it is stated in the Calendar last week that if a certain j boards, such as the East India, Army, and AOfflwny 

 course is pursued, " the plants will last for several Boards ; industrial exhibitions, such as the ay 

 years ? " Why do not the great growers pursue that Crystal Palace and Paris Exhibition ; acientm 



course I — they do everything in the best way, you say. 

 If it would not pay them, why pay such as me ? Now, 

 from the foregoing the question is — a great and a 

 private grower both plant Strawberries as directed in 

 last week's Calendar ; the first destroys his for a new 

 bed every two or three years, the latter is to make his 



&c. ; and, thirdly, 



exploring expeditions 



emigrants, travellers, officers of our com 



mmercial Hi 



royal navy, and of the army and East India GflJJ 

 residents abroad, and in our own Highlands ana mm 

 &c. He remarks, "This is pre-eminently an f^ 

 discovery and enterprise in scientific "JJ'^j. 

 strongest tendency everywhere exhibits iw ' ^ 

 tiply the natural resources of our native ejjj ^ 

 its colonies-to turn to practical account, ior^ 

 provement of our arts and manufactures, uieir 

 valueless vegetable products. T ^ e ® ffo ™ "A* 

 being made to introduce the fibre of the <^**J 



„_ rr , ,_, r Thistle, and other native weeds, in ™ e * FlaXj is<*lj 



the bushes in my garden were actually stripped in July; specimen it was both for fencing off cattle and for textile fabrics and paper, as substitutes ^^ j* 



trees present about as miserable an appearance as they i " last for several years I 9 * /. W. [The writer of the 

 did last year ; but had they been dressed as the Goose- Calendar will doubtless answer this inquiry.] 

 berry trees were, I have no doubt they, too, would Hedges. — Thorn and Privet mixed make a good 

 have been free from blisrht and caterpillar. Ebor, [ fence and look well ; but where there is cattle to deal 



York. 

 from 



-The loss of the leaves of Gooseberry bushes with Privet is too soft, and they eat it into gaps. The 



caterpillars does not always seem to injure j best hedge I ever saw was Thorn and Holly mixed. It 

 the crop of fruit the following season. Last year j was either slashed or clipped every year, and a perfect 



there was not a leaf left, and the fruit was all spoiled. 

 In the autumn the bushes pushed fresh leaves, . and I 

 expected to have but little fruit this year; the contrary, 

 however, is the case, a finer or more abundant crop of 

 Gooseberies I never saw, and the foliage is very little 

 injured. In April vast swarms of the insects were flying 

 over the trees, but these were all males ; the females 

 are very sluggish, and fly but little. I was not aware 



shelter. W. Hopps, Lightcliffe, Halifax. 



Larch. — How true it is that almost "everything i3 

 done by fits and starts," and that * it never rains but it 

 pours." A few years since, when Larch poles could be 

 had in abundance at a low price, large quantities of 

 young Larch were planted every year ; now, when the 

 demand for rails and poets, created by railroads 

 and inclosures, has made Larch so scarce that it 

 till I saw Mr. Westwood's remarks that the male of cannot be procured in sufficient quantity for farmers 



lieving that this desire requires °^7^^jjitd 



ahL Miann^la mv ohiect is tO Submit * .; ?*,*>* 



this insect was so little known. Henry Doubleday, 

 Mpping K t 



Page <£ Co. 9 3 Blight Composition. 



purposes, and it has almost doubled in price, there 

 jis hardly any planting going on, at any rate in the 

 The answer given \ midland counties. In a few years no doubt the owners 

 at p. 488, concerning the utility of this composition, is of land will become awake to the fact, and then perhaps 

 so much at variance with the results of its application the large Scotch growers will be hardly able to meet the 

 in my case, that I am induced to furnish you with my demand, and will reap a harvest in advanced prices, 

 experience in the matter. I have a forcing-house, ; Few things are more important to good farming than a 

 heated by hot-water, which was erected expressly for good supply of fencing. /. R. Pearson. 

 early and late work ; in fact, for winter forcing. Early Heating and Ventilating Plant-houses.— Yonr notice 

 in March last I had Cucumbers and Kidney Beans in of Mr. Hood's book on ventilation, &c, reminds me of a 

 one division, and Strawberries, &c, in another. On conservatory I saw near Derby in 1803, and in which 

 one side of the house— which is span-roofed— I planted the plants were remarkably vigorous. This plant-house 



one limited example of 'this utilitarian ^Jg^ 



ttft ~ 

 able channels, my object is to supum - - .^ 

 commercial enterprise the importance oi ir^ 

 field of inquiry, and the richness of the , frmts^ ^ 

 The fact that manufacturers or importers m & ^ 

 economical or remunerative to be suppu ^ 



tutes for the Roccellas, which are f ast bee om^ 

 and consequently expensive, is the ™ {msi] pi* 



we can 



IllvP^ 



Sor^e Vantages of sucb j-g-jj 



Indirectly a multiplied trade » "J^ . —« 

 scatter the seeds of civilisation, and p"u rf ^ 

 a comfortable subsistence at the comm ^ ^ 

 able inhabitants of many a barren 



it 



rf-*! 



present far removed froni .the , great ^ ^ 



for the dye- Lichens 



centres v- t ^ 



advancement; for me ^'^ vegetat ion «W£1 

 found luxuriant where no other t «, of ^^ 



frequently attaining their l"S be8r - * elected <»£ 



on the most bleak rocky com J ^^y isles £<* 



It is probable that many^^^J 



tain ranges. 



my spring Cucumbers to succeed the winter ones on the 

 other side, which were then past their best, and a good 

 deal eaten with thrips, notwithstanding a thorough 

 syringing twice and sometimes three times a day. The 

 Beans were also infested, and I think about half a dozen 

 pots out of fifty of the Strawberries had red spider on 

 thenK I procured a cask of the composition, and 

 choosing a cloudy afternoon, I raised the temperature 

 in the house to 85". and shut close up. I added one 



had been heated and ventilated by Mr. William Strutt, 

 in conformity to his conviction that in heating and ven- 

 tilating buildings, these effects should be produced by 

 the introduction of a large body of moderately heated 

 air. In this manner he had kept his extensive cotton 

 mills at Bel per at about the temperature of 60° Fahr., 

 which experience had shown to be the healthiest degree 

 of heat for operatives to work in ; his dwelling-house 

 had open fires to look at, but it was warmed and venti- 



broad Pacific and Atlantic^many 



di*" 1 



L^n^r ? ™? f I*!? ! T id ' t nd S ave a thorough } lated by a hot air stove in the basement, the eduction 

 8>nn-mg. i repeated the dose three times, and my | pipes of the warmed air being in the hall : in the same 



hx^r^^ ^^ rae b * thei " ™ nnerhe 8ea80ned timber ' dried malt » « «£»«« 



LnnH L g IZ J J:\u°l' Thi8mi **ure was malt house, dried the linen in his laundry, &c. The 

 ?£ Si t ?£ ifu t0 the S ** wb *™*> and not originality of Mr. Strutt's mode consisted most in his em- 



a spider or thnp could be seen ahve. My opinion is, | plcjnuait of a large body of moderately heated air, thus 



tic ana awui*- * an fmounta>n^-^ 

 desolate sea-coast and vast extents pi t g*p 



Africa, America, Asia, and^ ^^% e W ^£ 



^pTy- of" Sens, nseful in WjBH fo r ^ 

 . fltf_ , _, .^.^^untr-esand^ ^^ 



yield no products to coninier ^' ht furnish an "^ 

 support higher vegetation, m gM * t one** 



su pply of Lichens, useful in dyeu ? J ^ {aC .^ 



India and neighbouring I ^"JJ n this i^JJ - 

 already promise valuable results >« < &&* 



Indian collection of raw vegetable p ^ ^^ 



the London Crystal Palace o ^ ^ ylo o, So^Jj „ 

 of « Orchella ^*%pm)%?gfe 

 -~ t*Z*L Si£ of Aden in £*J J ^ 



ay 



o^ttvly « Abundant, YC^/fS* **< 



some from the vicinity 



known 



Specimens of 



commerce." P W, "£— i«n estiooa 

 there exhibited from Ceylon, esu 



ted •» 



