



•<,ust 4, 1855.1 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



1)KKUV1AN GUANO, Bolivian Guano, Sunerphos- 

 rbflte of Lime, Nitrate of Soda, Siii^r Soma, and eve^ 



ail 



U 



prio n , Artificial Manures, Linseed Cakes, &c. 



\\ v. Isolts Carn'F. 10, Maik L*n*. Ton ion. 



i 



ft per ton: Superphosphate of Lime, 7J.; Sulphuric Acid and 



** wUl o!flice T € Ki»g William Street, City, London. 



.B. Genuine Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per 

 of immonia. Nitrate of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, and 

 other Comical Manures. 



CORN MA NUKE FOR SPRING SOWING. 

 tOSCENTKAlLD DBATE FOR GRASS, RAPE. AND 

 tv/ * ALL ROOT CROPS. 



SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LTME. 



THE LONDON MANURE COMPANY continue 

 to manufacture the above Manures, which have been used 

 frith io »ik wnatm for the last 14 years. 



The London Manure Company also supply PERUVIAN 

 <5r\NO (direct from importers' warehouses), Nitrate of Soda, 

 ate Immcnia, Fishery and other Salts, Bone Tiist, and 

 artificial manure of known value. Edward Purser, Sec. 



J Oflfr£— 40, B rid, ■ Street, Blacktriars._ 



~~~ AKURfiS. — Thfi following Manures are manu- 



factured by Hodgson & Simpson, Calder Soap Works, 



Wakefield, and Matthfws & Co., Manufacturing Agricultural 

 CI**** Driffield. Simpson's AMMONIA PHOSPHATE, a 

 vfthmblt Top-DrcFSinpr for Wheat, P»arlev, and Oats. Sjmpron's 

 filTBO-PHO^PilATE for Turnips, Potatoes, and all other 

 bulbous root crops, price 81. per ton. N.B. Manures specially pre- 

 wired frr Grass ami Flax. The above have been successfully tested 

 for the list Seven Years by the leading farmers in Yorkshire and 

 '■ xolnshire, and other counties, and were applied last season to a 

 breadth of upwards of 15,000 acres of land with the most bene- 

 feUl results to the crops. A List of Testimonials and other 

 particular* will be forward ed by post on application. 



ARTIFICIAL MANURES, Ac— Manufacturers and 

 others engaged in making ARTIFICIAL MANURES may 

 obtain erery necessary instruction for their economical and 

 rfUUnt preparation, by applying to J. C. Nesbit, I.G.S., &c, 

 Principal of the Agricultural and Chemical College, Kennmgton, 

 Locdon. Ana of Soils, Guanos, Superphosphates of Lime, 



Coprolitef and A ays of Gold, Silver, and other Minerals, 



are exec 1 with accuracy and dispatch. Gentlemen desirous 

 of receiving instructions in Chemical Analyses and Assaying, 

 will find am ple facility an d accommodation at the College. 



/ 1 OLLEGEof AGRICULTURE ira CH EM1STRY. 



yj ast> of PRACTICAL and GENERAL SCIENCE, 37 and 

 88, Lower Kenriington Lnne, Kennington, near London. 



Principal— J. C. Nesbit, F.G.S., F.C.S., &c. 



The system of studies pursued in the College comprises every 

 branch requisite to prepare youth for the pursuits of Agriculture, 

 hngineerlng, Mining, Manufactures, and the Arts; for the Naval 

 and Military Services, and for the Universities. 



Analyses and Assays ot every description are promptly and 

 accurately executed at the College. The terms and other par- 

 ticulars may he bad on application to the Principal. 



' DRAINAGE OF LAND. 



A [R. HUMBERT, of Watford, Herts, a practical 



jj-i- Survey or and Land-Agent of more than 15 years' standing, 

 effers his services to Gentlemen about to drain Land and Bogs. 

 He will undertake to set out and superintend himself the execu- 

 tion of the work at a charge of 5s. per acre, and the expenses 

 incurred in his travelling; or he will contract to complete it in a 

 •pecifi.d manner to the satisfaction of the Inclosnre Com mi s- 

 ooncrg at a fixed price per acre. Mr. Humbert has drained 

 itrong stony laud in the most careful and complete manner, 

 with 13 inch pipes, and proper mains, the drains being 4 feet 

 ceep and 30 feet apart, at 11. per acre and under, and he can 

 give reference to his employers in that and in other instances. 

 Watford, Herts, Aug. 4. 



'THE GENERAL LAND~MaINAGE^AND IM- 



x PROVEMENT COMPANY 



Ixcor.ror.ATED by Special Act op Parliament, 

 Offices, 52, Parliament Street, London. 



Directors. 

 Hekrt Kfr Seymeb, Esq., M.P., Chairman. 



tV IX J;SHttJjrr, Bart., MP., Deputy- Chairman. 







OOYAL AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT 



Z.rs SOCIETY OF IRELAND 



PKOGKAMMKofthe NATIONAL CATTLE SHOW ,and 

 Exhibi n of Stock, Horses, 51 i ep, Swine, Poultry, Dairy Pro- 

 duce. Flax, Implements, &c. op*n for peneral competition to he 

 held in CARLO W, on WEDNESDAY. THURSDAY arid 

 1KIDAY, 6th, 9th, and 10th August. JHn Kxcellcncv the 

 Loap Lieutenant has signi: * intention to attend the SI 



Monday, 6, and Tcisday, 7 — On these dav«. at 7 o'clock a m " 



the Judges of Implements will proceed with their inspections 



when Exhibitors must be in attendance. The Show Yard will 



be open for receiving Cattle and other articles entered (except 



Horses) from 1 o'clock until 6 o'clock p.m., after which latter 



hour no Stock will be admitted. Special Met tings of the Council 



will be held on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, each dav at 



lo cluck p.m., in the Society's Offices in the Show Yard. The 



Members of the Society, Stewards, Judg. Sec, will dine together 



m the Club House Hotel on Tuesday, at 7 o'clock p.m. Nam. - 



to be sent in to the Steward of the Hotel not later than 12 o'clock 

 noon. 



Wednesday, 8.— The Judges will enter the Show Yard at 

 6 a.m., and commence their examination of the Stock &c 

 Horses will be received into the Show Yard from 7 until 

 8 oclock a.m. this day, after which latter hour none will be 

 admitted. The Show Y'ard will be open to the Public from 

 2 o clock until 7 o'clock p.m. Admission, 2». C,I. ; Children nn.hr 

 14 years, half-price. Tickets for admission will be issued at the 

 Secretary's Office, available for the day. to Exhibitors of Stock 

 and Agricultural Produce, for 2s. on Wednesday and Is. on 



Thursday. * 



The BANQUET DINNT.R of the Sochtv will take place at 

 the Railway lerminus, at half-past 6 p.m." Tickets, 10*. each, 

 including a pint of wine- to b* had of the Local Committee, or 

 their Secretaries, at their oil; s or at 21, Hacle iV Walk, 

 Dublin, up to Saturday, 4th August. His r,\ i the Duke of 

 Leinster, President of the Society, in the chair. 



Tiir day, 9.— The Show Yard open from 8 o'clock in the 

 morning until 7 o'clock, p.m. Admission, Is. No Cattle or other 



Articles exhibited will be allowed to be removed from the Yard 

 till after 8 o'clock, p.m. 



A BALL and SUPPER at the Railwar Terminus, at 9 o T clock. 

 Ladies' Tickets, Is 6d.; Gentlemen's Tickets. 10*. To be had 

 ot the Local Committee and Secretaries, or 2i, Bachelors' Walk 

 Dublin. Family Tickets to admit Three, '21 s. All Tickets sold 

 at door of Ball Koom, 10*. each. 



An Auction in the Show Yard at 12 o'clock, noon. < 



StetBn f the Yard. 



Cattle (Short-horns).- William Hamilton, W. Fetherstone 



II. and J. H. Macfarlane. ' 



Cattle (Other Breeds and Mountain Sheep).— Lord Cloncurry 



and John Robinson Price. 

 Sheep.— William K. Fitzmaurice and Thomas Cook. 

 Swine.— H. Hans Woods and Th< mas G. Mosse. 

 Horses.— Lord Dunlo and G. A. B< I. 



Dairy Produce and Flax.— The 'Hon, St. John Butler and 



Samuel Shane. 

 Poultry.— Thomas Crawford Butler and Arthur Fitzmaurice. 



Implements.— The Hon. C. S. Gough, Thomas Cook, and William 

 Hamilton. 



Clerk of the Yard. — Andrew Corrigan. 



By order, Thomas Habkxkss, Secretary. 



Dublin, 42, Upper Sackville Street, July 19. 



Directions— The place for the Council and Committre Meet- 

 ings, and Secretary's Offices, is at Entrance to gate of Show- 

 yard; the Local Secretaries' Offices are in the Mechanj 

 Institute. Tickets for the Banquet and Ball to he obtain. <i 

 above specified, and at 24. Bachelors' Walk, Dublin; and to pre- 

 vent disappointment, an early application for these Tickets is re- 

 quested. Exhibitors, or their Care-takers, on arrival in Cai low, 

 must obtain Tickets for their respective entries to the Si ow-yard, 

 at the Secretary's Offices, where Entrance Fees and Subscriptions 

 wilt be received. All objections to decisions mnst be lod d with 

 the Secretary there, in writing, before 1 o'clock on Thursday, the 

 second day of the Show. No person can be admitted into the 

 Show-yard until the Judges have made their adjudications. 



T. II., Secretary. 



ttsileac 



mous quantities of (1) purchased cattle food con- 

 sumed and of (2) artificial manure applied are «rha 

 enable thta« Twenty-five shillings an acre it 

 upon the latter over the whole of the Turnip break 

 (one quarter of the farm), and 200 tons of oilcake 



120 

 acr 



George Thomas Clark, Esq. 



Sir w-ri Cubb ; I f Esq "' **• 

 rWiIhamCnbitt,E.ILS. 



JJenryCnrrie, Esq. 



Thomas Edward !">?««• tv„ 



William Fisher Uobbs, Esq. 



Edward J. Hutch ins, Esq., M.P. 



Sir S. M. Peto, Bart. 



William Tite, Esq., F.R.S. 



P _ , •"&*.***§? William Wilshere, Esq. 



tJS??!L W t0 e ^ ec,Jte Drainage, Road-making, and other 



£*aa improvements, and to Erect Farm Buildings upon Estates 



aaTLef I" ent » Mort S a ge,or otherwise; or Church property, 

 ^irunout investigation of Title to charge the whole outlay and 



oraT«« Up °- n J V ie Estat <S to be repaid by instalments spread 



vm*rZ ??• ceterm ^ed by Landowners within the limits of 50 



Ltnt l! e and Roads > ar '<* 31 vears for Farm BnilcUngs, 



nf flEr» W v tr i lnil7 arran S e witli the Company for the execution 



worKs by their own agents, with the use of their own or 



THE 

 X Is 



&i\t aflricttltttral iBtmttt 



SATURDAY, AUGUST 4, 1855. 



William Clifford. Sec. 



The reports which reach us of the present state 

 of the crops, and the prospects of the harvest — 

 dated for the most part August 2d — do not indicate 

 so much injury by the rain as we had anticipated. 

 The Wheat midge seems to have been extraor- 

 dinarily active, and more corn than usual is laid ; 

 but most of our correspondents anticipate a yield 

 fully up to the average. 



LANDS IMPROVEMENT COMPANY. 



Wporated 



further empowered by Amendment Act, 



wwible, ,> r for a t Prm „ f ^ 



^*^nt f^T ' ° r for a term lesa than 25 7 ears » 





:t *a thTTw " ,eir W ssor )i *o^ ar»5 enabled, by way of Loan 

 *»» on h P ? ,,y " ° r b ^ their own funds, to execute and 

 teWWr r. e nda im P r <> v ed, by way of rent-charge for a 

 iwdedlmJr ,repaying ca P ital a nd interest, thp cost of every 

 IbrtmAlL \ :ent i es P««ittlly of Drainage, Irrigation, Warping, 



^wiD^nrT 3 " 1 ^ 116 Sea ' from Lakes ' »^^«r% or Streams, 

 •oeJl«t R^u - ' or im P^vin- Drains. Streams, or Water- 

 l «««tard^ i 0T1 ' Farm Roads, Clearing, Erection of Farm- 

 Im P^r P ml„; n V Bui,rlin ff« required for farm purposi and the 

 fc ?» for F ° 4 Additions to Farm Houses, and other Build- 



tn 4 for p/riV? 1 P'lTPOses already erected: Planting for Shelter 

 Sartor cm S ICa Cuttil, gs, Jetties or Landing Places on the Sea 

 *■* ttdiri ^ nks of navigable Rivers or Lakes in the High- 

 **Hnao* JUS??" of Scotland; Engines and Machinery for 



lings, &c, Water-wheels, 



" •"uuainirfl «; c" ™ v *» «»«^»« Sluices, &c. The Plans 



Applicant's a» k C lncations and estimates are prepared by the 

 I ^tBra Pn^- gent8 and are submitted to the approval of the 

 *f the dae^p mi ?sioners ? Inspectors who are also the sole judges 

 ^ *** tztttH U ? ° f the works - Proprietors may apply jointly 

 * tofcmon On't? ?i ^provements mutually beneficial —such as 

 T be I)irpn» • ads trough the District— Water power, 

 *.* *tricMr l« Wlsh il to be understood that the Company is 

 k *andnf^ njmercial character, and that the details of the 

 **0**i hut «r executi °n of the Works are not interfered with 

 ^CoimUiiA Contmlle d by the Landowner and by the Inclo- 

 uWfcatlon ar- r< - ^"^"rther information and for Forms ^ 



,J, « Erector - ^cSa^ 1 ^ honourable William Napier, Manag- 



A SFlu^ Yard ' w es tmfa»ter, _^ 



5 mZifJ p ?^ r LTRY SH0\ August 28, 29, and 



0,1 Wieau ?nk L Se Au K , «t 6th. Prize Lists may be had 



-wi » rrey. Edgar Smaixfirlp, 7 Tr c 



Hkxby F. Wells, ' j-»on. Sees. 



4a, 



It is abundantly obvious from observation that 

 the main source of Fertility in Soils lies in the 

 economical management and liberal application of 

 manure. That "Muck is the mother of meal 1 ' 

 needs no other proof than every day agricultural 

 observation ; and the immense importations of 

 guano ; the activity of manure companies, which are 

 every spring season brought into operation ; the 

 enormous consumption of bone dust ; the increasing 

 outcry upon the waste of town sewage ; and, more 

 than all these put together in its influence on fer- 

 tility, the greatly improved management of the 

 manure made upon the farm : — all these prove 

 how much the improved fertility needed to feed our 

 increasing population is dependent directly upon 

 an increased supply of manure. Fertility is, in 

 fact, no mere function or quality of soil; it is 

 capable of quantitative estimation, and is directly 

 due to the quantity of fertilising matter present. 

 The causes of fertility in soil are all such as (l) add 

 to the quantity of this fertilising matter, or such as 

 (2) render it more easily and directly accessible to 

 the roots of plants. 



The fertility of such farms as Castleacre in the 

 south, or Fenton Barns in the north, is owing not 

 only to drainage, marling, liming, burning, processes 

 all tending rather to the latter than the former of 

 these objects, but to the direct importation of 

 fertilising matter and its application to the land. 

 " The principle adopted here is to manure for every 

 crop/' This is what the Times commissioner relates 



of land), aie illustr ions of the way m 



And as to Fenton Barns, Mr. Ho; . its tenant, 

 has declared that except bv an expenditure of 

 SO* per acre in guano, or oth- r artificial manure, 

 it could not be cultivated profitably. 



Probably, however, the m>st extraordinary instance 

 of artificial fertility in the kii iom maintained in 

 this way by the continual and direct application of 

 fertilising matter to the soil occurs in the c&*e of 



Canning Park and other irrigated farms, in Avrsh ►, 

 to which the attention of our readers x s directed 

 a few months ago. We repeat in few words the 

 substance of what was then Mated. 



Mr. Tklkkk's farm is situat i close upon the 

 hove, between it and the south line of road from 

 Ayr. It is a plot of but 40 Scotch acres, and is * 

 piece of the light handy laud which all along that 

 line of coast (more especially north of Ayr) has 

 been recently enclosed from the sandy wm in 

 which it lay as rabbit warren. It is so lipht a sand 

 as in some parts hardly to he distinguishable from 

 the sea-sand close by ft This poor rod is made 

 to produce the most extraordinary crops of all 

 kinds ; on one field which had been heavily clayed 

 Mr. Ti LFKit reaped last summer 85 bushels 

 of Wheat per Scotch acre. The previous year 

 had been Mangold Wurzel, and before "that 

 again the land had borne Italian R i s fl I — , and 

 had been irrigated and manured heavily tor it. It 

 is the result of this Italian Ryegrass crop that is the 

 most extraordinary evidence of the artificial fertility 

 conferred. The seed is >wn in autumn, about 

 4 bushels per Scotch acre ; and if sown early enough, 

 it yields the following year four full cuttings, or 

 between 70 and 80 tons of green food per Scotch 

 acre. The quantity of stock kept in this way on 

 the land is enormous. There are 48 cows kept on 

 this farm in the neatest cow-house we ever saw ; and 

 the provision which we saw there tsl IVbjuary 

 for their next summer's food was 3| acres sown 

 down to Italian Rye-grass late the previous autumn 

 and hardly yet up, and 3] acres sown the previous 

 spring, which had yielded several cuttings during 

 the atttumn. These latter 3£ a< »s have provided 

 food till July, and now they" will be allowed to 

 go to seed ; and the young plant of the former 

 3£ acres, being now fully productive, will keep 

 the cattle on during the autumn. The treatment 

 needed by the land, in order to yield tins great 

 produce, is extraordinarily liberal. The urine of 

 the cows is all applied upon the land, along with 

 about 400 tons of water per acre per annum. An 

 inch of water is flooded on the land (by means of 

 subterranean pipes, and the use of a long flexible 

 pipe connecting with fixed hydrants) imn diatelv 

 after each cutting; but previously to this 4 cwt. of 

 guano are sown broadcast on the land, and the water 

 is then used to flood it into the land. About a ton 

 of artificial manure per acre is thus employed, 

 either 4 cwt. of mixed guano and sulphate of 

 ammonia or 4 cwt. of nitrate of soda per Scotch 

 acre being applied immediately after each dressing. 

 Here, then, is a barren sea-sand made beyond a 

 doubt the most productive land in Great Britain ; 

 and this wonderfully liberal treatment, together 

 with the system of Italian Rye-grass culture, is 

 spreading in the neighbourhood of Ayr. Mr. Ken- 

 nedy's land, near there, is a good soil, worth 35s. per 

 acre. Mr. Tet.fkh's was originally the poorest 

 sand, Mr. Bell's is a stiff clay, Mr. Ralston's much 

 the same as Mr. Kennedy's. It matters little what 

 the land may be originally. The produce is ex- 

 traordinary off them all, and the thing on which 

 dependance is placed is not the natural fertility of 

 the land, but the extraordinary supplies of food for 

 plants that are artificially provided. Here, then, 

 we have fertility as the result of manuring : and 

 vegetable growth and produce are seen to be simply 

 the result of so much raw material being provided 

 for the living plant to act upon. An extreme case 

 of this kind teaches what every farmer knows from 

 ordinary experience, that upon the care with which 

 he economises home manures, and on the liberality 

 with which he applies imported manures, depend 

 the produce and fertility of his farm. 



Home 



Licligs new Principles of Agricultural Pfii iniifrf. <L-c'» 

 —This recent reply to Mr. Lawes' experimental papers 

 having been approved in your columns, and hilly 

 endorsed by Dr. Gregory, the translator, I feet at 

 liberty to offer some observations upon it ; not to Liebig 

 j himself who should be left entirely to Mr. Lawes, but 



