

Ari'-i st 



1855.1 



THE GARD 1-:\kr 



CHRONICLE 



pifrH-* * >efls 



mmmj . I did not sow my first crop this spring until 

 27th of the «eoncl month— in fact, about a day 



1st of March, and had the satisfaction in 



long before some of my neighbours 



had been deposited in the open garden some 



previous to mine being sown. I am of opinion 



I*** we shall not see in future writers on modern gar- 



in their calenderal directions advising their 



wmt ^ m to sow Peas in November, when the earth is 



ffvdsv losing heat by radiation; this system, with many 



bcri, » being very beneficially repudiated by all those 



who bave ami are faking steps in the right direerinn F™. 



t* 



for the destruction of tho* which »«,«», Lut with 

 cetum result of destrojin* the fruit also or the !«!£ 



pl«e e i„T' rT S" «■—•'•«— I I earned thi 

 f^V- prober '"*. "d found all the trees i. „u«*! 



2 8h * «*" •"»"«» «P to almost nothing 



snl, i ! T°° d d r w ' Dg wilh ""•n m *» ur *» which I 



remam ZV ,C T^ "Vf gr0Uad ' «J tliV™ let i. 



tot crop of Feas i t is not necessary, when sown the manure \id\mff S it - ^ ^ ^ thro, « h 



poto, (hat tliey should be turned out before the end of mornin- I h^L„ ♦« " 



Jrehartbe beginning of April. In 1854 I nW,«.i p»„„ forkX *t S t ^carefully 



only just to bury the manure, aud after that we 

 ,, a » evere frost, which I imagine comnletelv 



~A. 24th and^o^AVriX^buTS'veTn: SSv? *? """ "' ^' ter th * fro9t < h <> p3t2. 

 iog protected by a very 'high wall ."SSLi? SSS."St E**L'»! ™. ?"«* ™'» ■*"* 



the 



Mar* . __ r i 



the third week in May, which were sown on 



Uih of February, and turned out the end of Marcn • 



tfesse Pest were in bloom when we had that memorable 

 t(M __ .^ a**. -~1 ^«_ ...... 



isjury.Mog 



three .._ o 



season * nave grown tiie following— Sangster's NaT] ' 

 Early Emperor, Fair beard's Surprise, do. Champion of 

 Eagland, and British Queen Peas ; in my opinion of 

 rery first-rate excellence, and all that are really neces- 

 sary U> cultivate, let the consumption be what it may 

 Okl Fry, Lee, Kent. J ' 



Gnat Tree of Upsala.—ln looking over the curious 

 old book -Glaus Magnus de GeutibusSeptentrionalibus^ 

 I fottd the following passage (Book iii., cap 5) 

 describing .he splendid Pagan temple formerly standing 

 it Upsaia, at Sweden :-«Aatabat ejus foribus arbor 



I 1 ** 11 * >gPOt ,ens > P atulia diffusa ramis, ©state et 

 West juxta virens, non tamen de earum arborum 

 gmm qu« suapte natura, ut lanrus, oliva, palma, et 

 mjHut v.rere videntur : quin in Aquilone nulla unquam 



g the manure in with a 



propnemra not to euforve w„rk to b. done at tfai. 

 MUon , thai M be done e^ual } well at . ).. lt( . r ,., T oJ 

 » that there may be no excuse for losing an hour, for 



a,nu!lu„ n*ym s experienced a failuw in the 

 Woomrn, of my Can,elli„ last ee^on, I am anxioa. 

 to avo„l a repetition of the occurren*. f poaaible an? 

 consequently, 1 shall feel obliged if any JSS 

 jondents can p<. int out the source Xnce'the ZZ> 

 arose. The lac* are mi these :-Tbe bods wer. 



and the resu.t has been Sat7 ha* U^Z-trZS 

 i'i'"! *• *»" I«"H desire iTth!: 



M.e^t ;? m bl0 r; ,m8 ' wl,ich ,,ad !t ""' ^ f »'«- 



Hie frost m May would hare produced a heavy crop 

 Io the m.dd e of the trees, however, I had Joed 2 

 owieg doubtless to the protection sff ,rded them bv he 

 Z l de J eaVeS and *«*■ ' J»"« "ever se u a cMer! 



; M 'v ^»c «>i iiiem, ana at the present time mv 



n7tr s hTr red WUh M ' 1 ^' hMh *™ anVhealtK 

 I .h of cTJ™, M f tron «* nd « rm « 1 could desire! 



IV ItaLZ T, ,p y th « "»« P«« -Sain next winter. 

 »r. iiarvKtns, I homey Albty 



Abrmia umbellate (tee p. 320).- 1„ May last I pur- 

 chased from .Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter, sev,ra plant 



h the 8 « Wt ' r>Whi , Ch ^ "mediately 'put into at 



wtflS^Sferari* -.*V commended 



Are j ust 



inTcnl ^ &nd diJ W * U U P t0 ^ "««* "f «heir .how. 

 exLnJZ' o* '" ?**• ju9t ** ^ «W h » •• commence 



in * £ J£ 1° th<>y , W T *«* wi * a kind of rot 

 n the e : e or heart of the flower, and in a day or 



£o dropped off, the flowers not 'having been^al 



developed. I may mention that a friend of mine ha, 



been «,u,te as unsuccessful this season with his RoW 



case C Z'. »r ^, w ( , 9 ,„„ ^ M< , diMn J 



.Tnl ^ Ur , " J y ^ Ur pUn "» P p ** , y frora ^"- 'of. 

 being ,„ bad conduion, .he cause of the evil of which 



\ou complain t] 



your Paper of the 28* ult., h^ded as aboST™ ,° 

 hope, some one weuld have replied to it before now, »nd 

 denied ,h*, -. northern, stands in ne*d of 



••- — -•». . i lu ..i iu /iijunone nulla unquam 



rSiSLS » P ^° frUtiee P» "P-tacnlo fuse flower. 075^2^1 



^TSSy a ? d HaUin ^ ««"-Ao««,.-.Wai anyof 

 an°v r =2E*2!S i, ^ fc - .-..'**» *« * 



^respond «nfs advice. He probably, howler, mide. 

 further north than it ha. been my lot to trav, 1, or at aU 

 even s not so far south as Yorkshire, or he would not 

 wy that nearly all the hedges he has seen an lipped 

 square A. far as I h.re travelled north (Dnrham 

 b-mg the farthest) I bave neither aoen hedgw square 

 nor clipped to any extent. I own 1 hay. occawotiall. 

 •tea a cotta C er have a fancy for his gard 



— o -- -— -— - — • i««= .una imic lenipio i)ro- 



pmquus qui scaturt.t in locum sacrificiorum, &c " Now 

 what tree could .his have been ? Not a Yew pro- 

 oably, as that would not be " ignoti generis " It would 



miJUa r? U }f ]y tI, * t 0Ur heathen ancestors who 

 eol««d Lngland from the north kept up the tradition 



£u7riZ?. Z'f T ? m h6DCe arose the CU8ton » " f 

 eheir ehranaaiwd descendants of planting a Yew close 



Ij-ydrr e urches If not a Ye^, could not the R rea 



twe of Lpsal. have been a Cedar of Lebanon ? What- 



Z JL***f' 1 W; c F u- 1>abljr rai8ed frora a one brought 

 X Tart. t SCyt \™ ra, 'g rator y ^ibes from ltus° s ia 

 ssva^?' W f, kD0W the P ries,s or conjurors of 

 SLt^.T a " ""* 0f lhi "g 8 of ^at sort in their 



S3di?^: * i COne W0UM kee P its vitaIit y f «r years 

 Could t not even have been a Deodar? if would Te 



with plenty of sand, and they are fiow com n«?nTn^: S *l ' ^ T, ^ '<* ^ P&rdcn lnd * ™*« 



fuse flower. C.J. J^AbbotL,,"™" ch'Ped square or w^all-shaped ; but I am surprise J 



"*—'-• • '- ■"«»>. hear , ^ any one adopting that system generally, as I 



should have thought that they would have been aware 

 <H the much better and cheaper plan of having their 



00*1009 



in eiitf-mV--" c"'" ^' ""* tree8 0I tnat sort »'ave been 

 S^»i S ?' eden - Perha P 8 the verity of the 



^t. prevented any ripening^of more co/es An!i- 



«2nTte ^fev J can vouch W»' the following 

 523 i r r So n ,nfalli, > 1 V eme ^ for th »-s pest, havin: 



» .trig dt oc 3 Lr ( T D r- d tz kno r H fail - ""• 



die leaves of Z D, 8 , ' ah8 foxglove), and syringe 

 ***** ^vrU J? aff f ted with a c °mmon Mac 



■> prefemb- ZZ1 rt , Watering can ! tl,e f0ttner 



that the i;<m;i ar! ^ ,f * H is au inverted one, so 



^ei7;!'» ndfr the 'caves, as then there 



Jhy mus^of rurse^l Min *»*»* « off - A dry 

 '» »»o d. V8 aTer^l h u S6n for the a PPl''cation, and 

 *" fruit retna ?L * g ; Ub , Wi " be foand destroyed, 

 •^ ^ nude™ v ro? ^ erfeC !' y u n-«J«red. The decoc- 



"S ' inJSS ^ f t t,ieriDg the Fo ^°^ leaves 

 hou/ii S m '" a tely, and boiling them a quarter 



£ C«fo*a/ &V y?* 9 ne D dre , S8 ing suffices for the year. 

 ^Ib.»«' • V^. 



hes 



ght years with complete 



» »> 6 =ui.j<-ca iwr uie year. 



' * Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. 



•access. j), e fi r , f "J" ' T* c,gu * -y^™ w,tn complete 

 I WM nmrtified to finTii. . comme nced growing berries 



^ ^rpiHars Vdi ™?,° l my tree8 eaten off 

 fon determined t. °. r °P of fruit ™ iBed - 1 there- 



* Dd ^P'te the P ^ eXp 4 enment u P° n »>y leafless trees, 

 ^tit/of Z t l2 m ? ,,8t u ra r nces of a friend, I ordered a 



"^ ^ surfac^^t ,ro ? the P urifi er's, and spread 

 r00nd «• ^ Is tL h \ 8011 ""derneath the trees, all 

 VJ T *»!' a th?l an ^ eaextended > thi s was covered 



SJ*I nanmS I Tad"^ ° f a *^ e ■ ,M " ,,re - "'" 





any generally approved rule as to the proportion of 



E ^! a . Cet r fingreSS and e "" M ' 8 Venti,ati "n respec- 



J» L^ I . CUblC C ° ntents of a 8 P a n-roofed plant-hiuse 



heated by hot-water pipes ? I should also feel obliged if 



any of your subscriber* would inform me what proper- 



on the heating surface of the boiler ought to bear to 



the radiating surface of the pipes to be supplied 



m the hot-water apparatus for a span-roofed plant- 



saddle-.haped boiler to heat about 650 feet of 4-inch 

 pipes for a plant-house ! A Subscriber. [You should 

 consult Hood's work on Warming and Ventilating] 



IrantplanUng JJrergrcens, «fr.-I think we must admit 

 that all outdoor planting is best done early in October. 

 Evergreens can, however, be successful^ planted at 

 any season by trenching, watering, raising, and doing 

 the business properly, but this very winter and sprinr 

 when frost was on the ground and* the winds dry and 

 boisterous for a long continuance, I went on with my 

 work, and out of 3000 and odd shrubs planted in loow 

 ! trenched ground I hardly think 20 have died, and many 

 of them were very indifferent plants, as the nursery- 

 men in my ne.ghbourhood could not make out for me 

 the quantity I wanted of the right size, health, and 

 vigour. My plantstions border on the sea-coast, but 

 tolerably sheltered, and notwithstanding the March 

 cutting winds and the hard winter, I rind very few 

 things have been injured. The plants that have been 

 killed are the Aralia spinosa and some very fine 

 specimen beds of Veronica. An American Aloe is now 

 as green and healthy as it has been for many vears out 

 of doors, without any protection. None of the* Pines or 

 Cupressuses have been hurt. The Myrtles and Bays 

 were much scorched, but they are all coming in full 

 foliage again. Fuchsias are all right, as are ail the 

 bpiroeas and Ferns, some of which are called half-hardy 

 only. The Escallonia macrantha is worth naming, 

 from its beauty, hardihood, and vigorous growth, 

 seeming not to heed even a Crimean winter. Do what 

 1 will, Rhododendrons here just live, but nothing more. 

 The reason given is that our w>il lies on a limestone forma- 

 tion. Anon., Rhyl. 1 quite agree with "Quercus*' 



A. * \ % • - 



hedges slashed in the form of half an oral, or half 

 round as many have them (using a two-handed hooked 

 s asher), or What is a great deal better, having them 

 • ashed pyramidally wedge-shaped, with a light straight 

 slasher the hest of which I believe are made by liar- 

 riaon, of Dunse, in Scotland. A Yorhtnreman. 



Ham Fall m Juh,.—Q Q Saturday afternoon. July 2«. 

 •oon after 3 o'clock, we had a very remarkable fall of 

 rain. The shower did not last more than three-quarters 

 ot an hour, hut in that short space of time 1.550 of rain 

 fell, or about 630 hogsheads j*t acre. There was a 

 single clap of thunder and a few large hailstones, and 

 the storm was very limited in extent. Henry Demi 



kpptng, Essex. It is curious that at this place tlie 



jail of ram in July has been very small, though there 

 has been rain enough in the neighbourhood. Our 

 springs are still exceedingly low,an i there has not been 

 the slightest flood anywhere for miles around. M. J.B 3 

 King's Cliffe, JVansford, Northamptonshire. 



Shaddocks and Forbidden Fruit.— At mav perhaps be 

 interesting to know that plants of these may be easily 

 raised from the fruit to be purchased in the London 

 shops. Two years ago I sowed seeds procured in that 

 way. Out of a lange number of plants I saved six of 

 each kind, which stood the severe cold of last winter in 

 a greenhouse (not heated), and I have now two plants 

 of lorhidden fruit with fruit well set, and all the others 

 are strong and heal ih jr. C. J. B^ Abbotdcy, Devon. 



4 



nave continued this practice every 



- The 

 the satisfaction to find my 



Wlernate t " ~ -- WHM ««cu mis practice every 



.*r2S^j£f haVe not been tabled with a 

 2? enie end of th T e a few S reen flies u Pon the 



7? **7 were Z ne T Sh00t8 ° r branche * this spring, 



i^ »*"X 2 POd uu a9 Uie * a PP«* r ^ and 

 J*, and trees 11 V^ t** 80 ?' a , cro P °f fruit as 



I**H>t 



^ n |dom. T 



as 



tliat as a general rule no particular day can be *et down 

 for planting on ; still I think that those conversant with 

 extensive planting will allow that under ordinary 

 circumstances August, September, and October, are the 

 best months for the purpose; for instance, wfco could 

 wish for better weather than the present for planting 

 Laurels, Hollies, Yews, &c, and he must be old in the 

 profession who can remember a worse period than last 

 year at this time, not only for planting but what is 

 equally important, lifting. This is a branch in general 

 wretchedly managed ; indeed it is almost impossible to 



Ori£ttf£ 



Botanical of Edinburgh, July 12.— The Pre- 

 sident in the chair— 1. On the Introduction of 

 the Cinchona Tree into India, by Dr. Anderson. 

 2. On the presence of Diatomaceae, Phytobtharia, 

 and Sponge Spicules, in Soils which support Vegeta- 

 tion, by Dr. Gregory. Ehrenberg, in his late work, 

 "Mikrogeologie," has stated that in specimens of 

 soils from all parts of the world, he has found many 

 microscopic organisms ; he divides these into Siliceous 



and Calcareous, the fnrm«i< in#*Wi; nr « n:.*, m «.-., m t>k.. 



health* and -.*•„ .. - " ,7 w»"ageu ; indeed it is almost impossible to 



nealtny and clean as any m find a labourer with sufficient knowledge to lift with 



V M., Ashton.undtr-Lyne care and expedition. I had oeen.inn t„ «„«.„. J. 



swarmed 



7 



Goose- 

 how I have cleared 

 I cut a slit half way 



purchase 



£** th « stem r the ,f ,t ,5 then Pacing a forked stick 



£*«^Uan frli • ? en, J « BTe » vi0,ent *l"»ke,*iul 

 ?>1. T *" '" •'•owew, and were removed and 



2l^* ' m. I ,7i ed t,,u " from bush t0 bus, '» *"* 

 El*? *•* l^Md ,Jf! nmi ,1,e 't-mainin ■ cater- 



S^ th « fork I T 8h0W «' r feH b y the s ec»» J appl'ea- 



r*" > W so n'eariv i °? tbree ro,,^d • J cleared m > 

 ST'^s incZ;; Y „ red ,hem that the ravages were 



W • pUn of fir,t laying sifted quicklime 



large quantity of valuable specimens last year, and 

 being anxious for them to succeed I had them lifted 

 at my own expense, and sent a man highly recom- 

 mended to superintend the operation ; 'however, 

 the first waggon load that arrived led me to antici- 

 pate that they would not succeed, and now they are 

 in the rubbish heap, while thousands planted at the 

 same time around them that were better treated have 

 done admirably. Where the ground is not adhesive 

 I would strongly advise puddling. Half-a-dozen pots of 

 water thrown into the pit, and mixed up well with the 

 earth, so that the roots of the plant sink quite down into 

 it, and a potful or two applied after it is partiallv 

 covered up, are worth a dozen waterings afterwards. 

 One word more. Where landscape gardeners, and 





— _ w«,, wm*^ *v*mi^» luwuuujjj isiatO&lACCtB, i ujr- 



tolitharia and Polycystina, as well as Sponge Spicules, 

 the latter minute Mollusks and other sheila The pre- 

 sent observations are confined to the silicious organisms, 

 and among these, chiefly to the Diatomaceee, with 

 Phytolitharia, and Sponge Spicules, the soils examined 

 being such as are connected with fresh water, in which 

 the Polycjstina do not occur. Many of Ehrenberg's 

 observations were made on the small portions of soil 

 found adhering to dried plants in herbaria, and I 

 requested Professor Balfour to supply me with such 

 portions of soil if possible. By his kindness I obtained 

 upwards of 60 such specimens, almost ail of which were 

 of very small bulk, on an average not exceeding that 

 of a pinch of snuff, and sometimes less. Of these a 

 certain number consisted chiefly of earth, with some 

 half decayed vegetable matter, and many contai ned hardly 

 anything but decaying vegetable matter, with a mere 

 trace of earth. Of course, the latter arc not fair 

 specimens of soil, but I have subjected all to the same 

 treatment, namely, boiling with nitro-muriatic acid, 

 washing, straining through gauze, and examining tha 

 fine insoluble residue. This, of course, contained all 

 the siliceous matter present, but it also contained much 

 organic matter, of a brown or red colour, insoluble in 

 acids, which, if necessary, might be destroyed by 

 ignition, when it would leave a trifling ash. In every 

 case I found Diatomaceee in the residue, as well as 

 Phytolitharia. Sponge spicules, apparently of fresh- 



