568 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 





Augi-st 25, l*i 



a m loriu, fin eoutuiiecl in the centre. 



Beast* a deep bright yellow, which appeared to be very constant 



The same grower also sent another good yellow, named ^ ellow 



Beauty: together with Miss liurdett Coutts, which the judges 



reported fully maintained its previous character— a Certificate 



having been awardtd to it last meeting day. Loliypop (U. 



Holmes), bad a .similar mark of distinction from the censors 



it % ing been successfully exhibited last season. Mr. Weathenli 



received a First Class Certificate for Verbena King of Roses, 



a finely-formed flower : the same award was also bestowed upon 



Eugenie, a pale lilac, of good form. A Certificate of Merit was 



given to Mr. G. Smith for Dandy, an orange kind with a 



crimson centre anil lemon eye j a similar award was also made to 



Unanimity, which is an improvement on Annie Laurie. There 



were several others shown, but none deserving of especial mention. 



Mr. Lair- of Twickenham, contributed several Seedlings, 



among which was a blue kind, with less purple in it than usual. 



Tor Ifollvhocks, Mr. Koake, of Clewer, received a First Class 



Certificate for Perfection, a pink or blush kind, very close in the 



flower; of this a spike was shown. Messrs. Paul received a 



Certificate for a delicate peach variety, 3 cut hlooms of wluca 



were exhibited ; it is a full sized large flower. For Cut blooms 



—12 kinds— Mr. Knake was first with Kosy Circle, Eugenie, 



Leonice, Mrs. Ashley, Julia, Seedling. Perfection, Lemonade, 



Primrose Perfection, Mont Blanc, Seedling 6, and Pourpre cle 



Tyre. Messrs. Paul were second with Glory of Cheshunt, 



Darius, Lord Jocelyn, Pearl, Beauty of Cheshunt, Boadicea, 



White Globe, and 4 Seedlings. Messrs. Paul also furnished three 



magnificent spikes of Glory of Cheshunt, Mrs. Ashley, and 



J: of Cheshunt: these werj deservedly much admired. 



>'. srs. F. and A. Smith sent an interesting collection of Cut 



Antirrhinums, showing that progressive improvement is going 



on in this class of plants. Mr. Salter exhibited 12 varieties of 



< Phloxes, one or two of which were very bright in colour. 



M ssrs. Paul sent 12 varieties of Asters, all very beautiful kinds. 



M srs. l'raser also sent 24 varieties of this flower. Mr. 



Lochner contributed 21 hunches of Verbenas, all good kinds; and 



Mr. Smith sent his Petunia Hermione, which fully maintained 



the good character it always has had. A new white Verbena 



was exhibit I by Mr. Westwood, which is much the best of Us 



class out, but it is a very strong grower. Messrs. F. and A. 

 Smith again sent a collection of Balsams, still in good condition. 



in order to get the 



Miscellaneous. 



Effect of the Water-snail in Keeping Fresh-water 

 Aquaria Healthy.— As an evidence of the permanency 

 of the balance capable of being established between 

 the animal and vegetable organisms by the intro- 

 duction of the water-snail or other phytophagous mollusk, 

 I may state that the same water in which my original 

 experiments were made in March 1849, has been 

 in continual use up to the present time, several fish 

 liviug constantly in it, without disturbance, and that it 

 is now as bright and in as healthy a state as at the first 

 period of its being employed!' j Again, in a small jar of 

 about one pint capacity, having a single plant of Vallis- 

 neria spiralis growing healthily in it, and with a few 

 small water- snails as scavengers, I succeeded during the 

 spring of 1853 in hatching "and rearing a young trout. 

 The egg was obtained from Mr. S. Gurney, jun., and 

 had been removed from his preserves in the river 

 Wandle ; the shell ruptured the day after my receiving 

 it, and it was maintained in a perfectly healthy state 

 during the whole of the period required for the 

 development of the respiratory organs, and the com- 

 plete though gradual absorption of the ovum. This 

 development was perfected in 15 days from the bursting 

 of the shell, till the period that the fish could sustain 

 itself continuously in the water, and was able to swim 

 strongly. Having arrived at this stage of maturity, the 

 vessel became far too small for the free use of its active 

 powers of locomotion, and it was therefore transferred to 

 a small tank containing several minnows, when to my 

 great annoyance it was immediately seized and devoured. 

 As another instance of the voracity of the finny tribe, 

 and their destruction of each other, I may mention here 

 that I had on a previous occasion placed several small 

 trout fry over-night in an aquarium containing some 

 gold fish, but they must have been rapidly preyed upon, 

 as no trace could be seen of them the following morning. 

 These facts will demonstrate clearly the havoc which 

 must take place in rivers and streams among the young 

 fry of various fish under ordinary circumstances, when 

 they are proved to be devoured with such extraordinary 

 rapidity even by such species as the gold fish or carp 



tribe and the minnow. Wariaqton in Annals of Natural 

 History, 



away at once every plant which is not likely to be 

 wanted for next season, especially large specimens of 

 worthless varieties which are not worth wintering, as 

 good sized plants can be grown for next season from 

 cuttings put in now. The varieties with white coro las 

 will be universal favourites ; but they appear to be rather 

 weakly growers, and parties wishing to have specimens 

 of them next season should see about securing pro- 

 mising young plan:s at once. Young stock of hard- 

 wooded things in pits and frames will be growing 

 freely, and must have every necessary care afforded 

 them. Water freely, but avoid getting the soil too wet, j 

 and dew the plants over-head with a fine-rosed syringe , 

 on the evenings of fine days, drawing off the lights at 

 ni'dit whenever it can be safely done, so as to expose 

 the plants to the night dews, which will greatly assist 

 in securing strong vigorous growth. Attend at once to 

 anything requiring more pot room, 

 plants moderately well rooted into the fresh soil before 

 winter. Stove.— Specimens of such things as Echites 

 splendens, Stephanotis, Allamandas, &c, which have 

 I done their season's work, will be better removed to a 

 i cooler and drier house, which will be a more suitable 

 situation for them while ripening their wood than the 

 moist warm stove, but if this cannot be done, then they j 

 should be placed in the coolest end of the stove, keeping 

 them rather sparingly supplied with water at the root, 

 and exposing them as freely to air as circumstances 

 will allow. Take advantage of every leisure hour to 

 wash the foliage of such things as require it, looking 

 carefully for and destroying mealy bug and scale. Ixoras 

 and many hard- wooded stove plants are very subject to 

 the latter, and in most cases require to be frequently 

 looked over to keep them clean. Keep the shoots of 

 young specimens nicely tied out, and give timely atten- 

 tion to training, so as to secure the desired form of 

 specimen. Look well to the stock of things for winter 

 flowering, re-potting any that require more pot room, 

 keeping such as have made their wood and require a 

 period of comparative rest to bloom well rather dry 

 and cool, and encourage any that may be backward in 

 their growth with plenty of warmth and moisture. 



to serve the end in view much more eff«cy 

 general stopping at this season, which we2d ;_I7 

 be of no farther service than inducioe Z/ 

 of a mass of laterals, and do 



whereas, stopping the stronger shoots will St? 

 the sap into the weaker ones, and if we dSLS 



favoured with a fine autumn the buds and 

 stopped will become plump without starting 

 and in any case there will be fewer latersk 



h srm thai m 



y 



stopping only a portion of the shoots than tfc*. 

 be if the shoots were stopped generally W- 

 Onions should be sown at once, also CauUflowenW 

 the early crop next season, a small bed of 

 Cabbage, Brown Cos, and some hardier sorts of 

 \p stand the winter. 



STATE OF THE WEATHER AT CBI8W1CS, \F.A*Lf>\ 



For the week ending Aug. 2 J, 1865, as obserred at the Hort**k!3 





August. 



Friday 17 

 Satur. 18 



Sunday 19 

 Mon.. 20 

 T«ies. 21 

 Wed. 22 

 Thurs. 23 



TrMPkEATIIft 



oTTkeliSi 



Ol the Air. 



Max. 



5 

 6 

 7 



J' 



9 

 10 

 11 



Averase . 



3<>.2S2 



30.232 



S9 791 

 29.929 

 29.878 



29.994 

 29.898 



30.244 



29.760 

 29.689 

 29>09 



29.817 

 29.961 



29.6'Jl 



win. 





45 



64.0 



V*P 



>6 



36 



66.0 



58 



62.0 



42 



58.0 



52 



64.n 



56 



6SL5 



Mean ' t0Ot V* 

 deep. i^. 



r* 



30.000 I 29S'»3 f 76.4 I 51. 7 I 64 



Au' 



->' 



17— Slight log ; very fine throujjhout; clear and flat: 

 18— * cry fine. ^ 



19— Very fine ; overcast at nieht ; slight rain. 

 20— Slight rain ; showers in forenoon; cloudy and! 

 2t — Fiue ; rather boisterous; dry air and windy; ei 

 22 — J^ine; very fine throughout. 



ci«*rti 



taw*****. 

 d temperature 01 ine ween 2 ae*. aDove tne average 



RECORD OP THE WEATHER AT CH1SWICK, 

 the last 29 years, tor the ensuing week, ending Seat 1,141, 



August 



and iept 



I 



<* «J - 



4J bt S 



as* 



£ g g 



! 



Sunday 



Mon. 



Tues. 



Wed. 



Thu. 



Frid. 



6 7 



27 

 28 



29 



30 



31 



1 



721 

 72.5 



72 5 



714 



71.3 



70.4 



70.2 



49.1 

 50.6 

 50.8 

 43.8 



49.1 

 4^.0 



•»8 7 



95- 



M)6 

 61 6 



61.7 



60.1 

 60.5 



59.7 

 59.4 



No. of 



Years in 

 which it 

 Rained. 



10 



9 



13 



11 



6 

 12 

 15 



Greateit 

 Quantity 

 of Rain. 



0.51 in. 



1 . 2 



C.2D 



0.58 



0.92 



0.92 



1.50 



! 



A I 





* * i 



1 



i 



i 



2 



4 ■ - 



6 l ?: « 



4 3 4 



I 



the leaves in health 

 growth of laterals, 

 principal foliage, 

 assisted with 



flight 



; 



Calendar of Operations, 



{For the ensuing week.) 



Conservatory, &c. — New Holland plants, as Acacias, 

 Hardenbergias, &c, growing on the rafters and pillars 

 of this house, will flower all the better for being kept 

 sparingly supplied with water at the root for a few 

 weeks in autumn, after they have made their season's 

 growth, so as to get the young wood well matured, 

 which is essential to a first-rate display of bloom. These 

 plants are subjected to long periods of excessive drought 

 in their native habitats, and are said to thrive in situa- 

 tions where there is hardly the appearance of moisture 

 m the soil for many weeks ; but they cannot safely be 

 subjected to such treatment under artificial circum- 

 stances, and there is no necessity to do so, as they 

 will flower very profusely if kept sufficiently dry at the 

 root to check growth and get the young wood well 

 ripened before winter : and similar treatment will be 

 suitable for many of the tilings planted out in the 

 borders, particokrly Orange trees, for these and many 

 other hard-wooded plants bloom but poorly utile?* the 

 \ouiig wood is well ripeued in autumn. Shading must 

 be used sparingly alter this season, particularly on 

 cloudy days. Many of the Fuchsias will be past their 

 best, and should be removed to make way for the 



Liliums, which will now be coming into bloom, throwing 







FORCING DEPARTMENT. 



Pineries —Plants growing in dung pits must be freely 

 supplied with air to prevent their getting drawn, and 

 they should also be kept near the glass and not allowed to 

 stand too closely together, for strong robust plants need 

 hardly be expected unless this is attended to, and 

 weakly drawn plants seldom or never yield fine fruit. 

 Give careful attention to plants swelling their fruit, 

 affording them plenty of warmth and moisture, and as 

 much manure water at the root as the soil will bear. 

 Remove useless suckers and gills as soon as they are 

 perceived, which, if left on the plant, only rob the fruit 

 and weaken the suckers which it may be necessary to 

 leave on the plant for keeping up the stock. Do not 

 allow young stock in free growth in the succession pits 

 to stand too closely together, nor to sustain any check 

 through neglect in watering, or the want of pot room. 

 Shading, if not already discontinued, may safely be dis- 

 pensed with for the season. Plants growing in beds of 

 soil must also be carefully attended to with water, 

 keeping the soil in a nice moist state. Where rapid 

 growth is required keep as warm and moist as can be 

 done without drawing the foliage, and give plenty of 

 strong clear manure water at the root, and the plants 

 will make rapid progress for the next two months. 

 Vineries. — See that Vines from which the fruit has 

 just been cut are free from insects, giving the foliage 

 an occasional washing with the engine if red spider is 

 at all troublesome. ; and use every precaution to keep 



as long as possible. Prevent the 

 which only shade and injure the 

 Late Grapes colouring should be 

 fires in cloudy weather, especially 

 Muscats, which, after this season, where they are not 

 already all but ripe, will require gentle fires, unless the 

 weather should prove unusually fine. Thrips are 

 frequently very troublesome in lite Vineries where 

 plants have been grown under the Vines, and where 

 there i3 any reason to expect these, the foliage should be 

 frequently examined closely ; giving the house a heavy 

 smoking as soon a3 they are perceived, and repeating this 

 for two or threeitimes at intervals of about a week, shading 

 the house the day after smoking, where it can be done so 

 as to be able to keep it rather close, will render the cure 

 more effectual ; and if the pest is taken before it gets 

 quite established, it will be easily got rid of by two or three 

 smokings, but unless taken in time it is very difficult to 

 eradicate. Peaches. — Give every attention to getting 

 the wood well ripened, as next year's success will very 

 much depend upon this being properly effected. Keep 

 the foliage clean and free from insects, and endeavour to 

 preserve it in health as long as possible. Give air freely 

 both day and night, but keep the roots as dry as can 

 conveniently be done, therefore guard the inside borders 

 from heavy falls of rain, shutting up the sashes at night 

 when there is reason to apprehend much wet. Any gross 

 shoots that may still incline to grow should be stopped, 

 as if left they encourage the action of the roots, and 

 cause a greater tendency to growth than would other- 

 wise be the case. Loosen the surface of the border 

 where this t| at all close, in order to admit air and 

 warmth, and promote evaporation. 



TIARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN GARDEN'. 



Fruit trees have already raaie as much young wood 

 as there is much chance of getting matured. Wheie 

 this is the case, go over the trees at once and stop a 

 portion of the shoots, beginning of course with the 



strongest. 



The highest temperature during the abore period occurred o« 

 1843— therm. S3 deg.; and the lowest on the 29th, lS60-therm.ttfe|. 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Diseases: E W. Your Medlar and "White-thorn letTMtrtfc. 

 fested with ^Ecidium laceratum, a common pwwitoce 



thorn. M JB. 

 Greek aud Latin Names : E I. We will attend to 



tion. .j.. 



Insects: W T. The grub taken from the inner bark oimfjm 

 Sorbus of course gnawed a hole through the pasteboard* 

 escaped before reaching us. It was doubtless the 

 the wood leopard moth, Zeuzera JEsculi ; a fevwhifctf 

 smoke directed into their burrows will dislodge &** 

 The large insect is Sirex gigas, which lives in Fir t»§M« 

 the dark coloured wasp is Vespa Britannic*.-^ 

 patches you allude to on the bark of your PeartretMt 

 of eggs of some kind of moth.—/ S. The lettw \*1* 

 trees are infested with the slimy larvre of a °;W**"* 

 fly, Tenthredo (Blennocampa) tethrops. J? u _ st «*T2 

 lime or syringe them with lime water.— » B. sjm» 

 E K s.-Your Swede Turnips are attacked by tltf ^ 

 grub of the Turnip saw-fly (Tenthredo spmaraoj. 

 dusting with lime is very serviceable, but Ms >** 

 turned into the field are still better.-^. 1"^ 

 you have sent from the inner bark of the W* "JS m 

 goat moth, Cossus ligm>rda(see ^^!««S-»? 



Lease 



of tobacco smoke blown into u e« «"/*-"■?- 

 A II. We never answer legal inquiries im 



.naati of ?•« 

 bosbfti*" 



leas*. We suppose that in the eye of the 

 regarded as a tree. ... fi * t 



Monstrous Sweet William: G . \ ou will find • 

 similar to that you have sent figured atp.4^w 



year's volume. } • ' , - T-rhaDsGro* 



Names of Fruits : J MEG. Reaches: 1, perUPS 



nonne; 2, Noblesse; 3, ^objesse; 4 K. ^^ V 



Part Klm,e and V^^%£%««* * 



part Violetie Hative: tnos. : -«_ -v 

 the stone-are the Violette Hative; those JatW^ 



& D Vallance. 1, a small ova I pnrp 



Klruee. 



wu 



known, but certainly not wormy « «» ■■ -^ 

 2 resembles the Nectarine Plum, but i ^>ot »r>- 



Yonr Gooseberry is the ™\ 0re ™ X^Ui «o 

 aue. of Plan ts : We have been so otan o Wg> , 



decline naming heaps of dned «^Xl « "ffS 

 to request onr correspondents to recoi e . gf ^ |» 



or could have undertaken an unlimited /_^, !f- # 



sent us at one time 

 appear to be fra^n 

 sccleratus.— T&- 



or coium nave uuuci •.—«-» — „„,„orV«imoreeiP» 



Young gardeners, to whom th ese >*™**™» ^J5 

 should bear in mind that, M™.*^^^ 

 they should exhaust their m, her in e.vn s ^ ning „dd*W 

 We cannot save them the trP h ub '^?; able »f we wnM- *> 

 for themselves; nor would it be U «'» willingly. »*!» 

 can do is to help them-and I tba mos i pW*^ 



requested that, in ^S^S^JffjS 



rum.- » yg: 



gpecimei 



your plants'™* probably "■ "g £^ V«fji 

 country. S.-JM. Rhus Cot.nus.t hecu WT*ft* 



-if J. It is Phallus .mpudc » the ^.-i?*^ 

 E M. Genista tinctoaa a'^ tytisu s d 7 jncnl .ta.- J* fc* 

 4 are Q. sessiliflora; the other w pe know»ben»-* 

 Blumei is a native of Java; we jo no po)ysticlluB Re- 

 introduced into EBg»*nd.-|B ^ m & ^^ 

 Pre,l.S.-FM. Todeaafmana^^^^ „,, cW*?-. 



j 



item. o. — c JU-- »™— .- __» h^lipve tbet wi 

 Puddling: Bertra. We , do no \*f* v J concT ete 



afar. Any i 

 lime, water, ar 



It filled in b« 



as hard as rocic, aim v *>. — - 

 Roses: J M. Smoke from ii tea 

 we think, injure 



sharp gravel » »*»•", v ith P^JZ** 



.bouring man, . f,, ^X«»^A*5 

 id clean washed grave^ ^ will «J, 



i 



so y* 



rd* fa* 



ERfcATUH! I" Mr. Colt » * larig5 , read *~ 

 needling Shilling* Calceoi ^ nTtB »r* 



Calceolarias." mnn i ca tions h*** j^**!*? 



. As usual, many »^ft| ' - **"~^ 

 and others arc uiiavoiciaDiy «. 



m 



M 







l IlC fcllUVlO, UCglUUillg l/i t'UURW Willi i»»C i 



This, aa was stated lust week, will be found I 



can be made. 



numerous corres F - , 



contnbuticn* is still delayed 



iiavoiaaeiy u ^;"L- £ the i 



spondents, the insert 















