AU(il'ST 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



seen* 



suppose an mai is necessary, jyjucti is un- 1 fnnt in «;^»i, -.,.,..: i .i_ i , °; P~> — " r —irJ7"" v " P* n - ' el T complete 



running alon ; the whole length, at one I chea P 



.ubtedly lost to .ndiv,auai8 ana to «ie country by the end of which the distillery" wash or pot-ale V« s ad 

 ^king of farms w.thout enough capital but it .a also mitted by a tap for the cows to drink ; at the opposite 

 ^e that n.ucl. money is often squandered on so called end it was let off into the open gutter or mnrureTa'na 

 ^cultural .mprovements and high farm.ng most need- at the heels of the cows, and then flowed buck « i th the 



Jeeslv. The modern and model farmer requires educa- 

 tion, enterprise, and energy, but, above all, a sound 

 judgment, that he may not be led away by the thousand 

 and one speculative experiments of the day on the one 

 hand, nor satisfied to resist all modern improvements as 

 mere innovations on the other. Nor must the perfect 

 fanner be a mere amateur— he must require to live by 

 his farm. The spur of necessity must keep him to his 

 work. For illustration of this, on a large scale, we have 



only to look at the sister kingdom ot Scotland. Wt [ m**** from wWTit" a™b?£ri^o™& 

 shall there see what great things have been done for farm through 4-inch iron pines 

 agriculture, chiefly under the pressing exigencies of a » - — ■ it- 



less favourable climate and a less fertile soil than gene- 

 rally speakiug are enjoyed in England. The rent paid 

 for land in Scotland in many cases is a marvel to the 

 English farmer. 



The example set in Scotland so many years ago by 

 the establishment of the Highland and Agricultural 

 Society, 



urine to the main sewer at the other end, and so into 

 the great tank. The Bpace allowed for standing mom 

 from the wall to the heel drain was 8 feet ; the heel 

 dram itself was 3 feet wide and 3 inches deep. There 

 is a continuous flow from the main sewer, which takes 

 the draining from all the cow*, together with the pot- 

 ale and water, into the large tank sufficient to fill a 

 2-mch pipe at least From the tank it is pumped up to 

 a level 80 or 90 feet higher into large wooden vats or 



In the different fields are hvdrants, from which by 

 means of iron pipes in joints "about 6 feet long each, 

 with about 30 feet of flexible canvass or india-rubber 

 hose, and a tin distributor or jet, the liquid is shed over 

 the fields. The farm consists of about 400 acres. There 

 is a second farm steading about a mile from the distillery, 

 at a lower level, where there were 100 more cows in a 

 house, and about 260 pigs. 



towards the progress of agriculture. But without entering I lit^o^Ze^lote ^\o ^t^£^^ e 



minutely into all the Scottish improvements, it will be | distillery, the cows all looked in good P health and I con! 



dition, and were very tolerably clean, but it must be 

 admitted that the smell was offensive, chiefly owing to 

 the pot-ale. One man takes care of 50 cows, that is. ha 



fore-carri 



sufficient to point to some of the most obvious, such as 

 the universal adoption of the two horse iron plough and 

 one horse cart, and the late Mr. Smith's, of Deanston, 

 frequent drain and subsoil plough system, and now we 



t J I 4 _ — V 1* f J . • . 



have the system of liquid manuring by meaus of reser- 

 voirs and pipes, which it is the object of this paper more 

 particularly to notice. 



The importance of this system cannot easily be over- 

 rated, if it be found to answer in the application of the 

 sewage of our large towns. The wonderful effects of 

 town sewage in large quantities, distributed by means of 

 open gutters, lias long been known, and is demonstrated 

 most satisfactorily at Edinburgh, where land so treated 



and at tbe same time 

 r Morticing and Bonn? Naves, 



lated to MP8 a pre at amount Dl" 

 mne in maitini? and mending tbe farm. v bides and rates 



Oreeninj. Washing Machine seem* rather too complicated 

 for the farmer s wife to manage, but is exeeedinglv ingenious in 



™1? DS ! k , WOrkfi a " ! *T " *ith an up and'down and reci- 

 l.KCHtmg circular motion (which will also sere for churning), 



, i .. W a 1 ? n ? s . t ! ,e w ?l? l< thes between rollers. 



*itb Reeves's patent improve- 

 tbe original machine; instead 



bottom .f ,k« i I 7 "i—. there are small holes in the 



>ot om of the cistern, and a revolving stir, er regulates the quan- 



hoL wu g 0n * by * cr *P ,n e *™y the sediment from above the 

 boles with greater or less rapidity 



hono a urK tl l 8 n/tL Z " L m 11S ma A nUin their m * * *• Society's 

 honours, and their Manure Distributor (Chambers's patent) is a 



most beautiful invent , r delivering pulverisM mSTto 



mall and regular quantities. —■-««»■ *« 



imnlPm Jn t 16 ' - J UniiP ™ * Wd « fair t0 become * ve T valuable 

 i?J T/VL 1 ' l 1 "^ »*^ to * k * two rows at a tin4, and the- 



Z «Si lii a S1I J g °Vt S0 arrAn « ed that the horse can walk 

 on one side the plants. The price is onlv 71. 



Garrett's Root Pulperis a clever adaptation, consisting of a 

 pair of tooi bed rollers added underneath a Gardner's Turnip, 

 sneer : it will crush and mince a large quantity of roots in a very 

 little time, requiring, however, two men to turn it. 



bmith and Ashby exhibit their first-rate Haymaksrs, Horse 

 Lakes, and ( La mutters; and their Cultivator s a very strong 

 and eiloeth implement. 



Crosskills Clod cms ber has been improved by making every 

 alternate il what larger diameter than i he others; the 



discs all preba on the ground together, but the larger discs 

 baying an eeeentric m< a as well as free plav upon the axle, 

 prevent all possibility of etenfag. r 



llonisbv's Engines, Tl shing Machine, Dressing Machines, 



cleans and feeds them, and every 1 3 cows have a woman I is ES»E ■ #S? i ST"" ?^°t Thwr A™" 5 *™** steerage 

 to mill- thorn Tli* mill, ;1 i * i°^ s nave a Ionian is certainly the best ysl prong ht out, and is valuable upon 

 to milk them. 1 lie milk is kept m flat wooden vessels, lands when, straight and per Mv regular drilling is found 



lets 



as high as 30/. per acre, but it 



ascertained whether if administered in 



has yet to be 

 !ler quantities 



and conveyed to the Glasgow public by means of one- 

 horse spring carts, in neat wooden barrels with taps. 

 Ihe superfluous milk is made into butter bv means of 

 two large plunge churns, holding about 1 00 gallons each, 

 worked by horse power. The chief part of the solid 

 manure, which is very considerable, is disposed of by 

 sale to the public, as much as 2000 tons in the course of 

 the year ; this at 6s. per ton would be no very bad rent 

 for the land itself, something like 30s. Mr. Harvey's 

 farm is held from different propri tors, and the rents 



by the subterranean pipe system with the flexible hose j vary, but the highest is only L per acre: In the winSr 



and jet, it will be sufficiently remunerative to warrant season the cows are fed upon the distillery grains hav 



the necessary expenses. This question will soon be set Turnip, and Bean-meal In summer and autumn of 



fn WarlS T ? T™ u **" T ^ at Ru ^ courBe ' *«* have the more Bucculent food, such as 



in Warwickshire, and elsewhere, and the close of the Eye-grass and Clover, Italian Bve-urass Cabbaee &o 



But apart from the town sewage question, there winter, is -i~ -1-2 —-!_*- a—-i -i? - . \ uu ..! uo 

 remains the important one of house soiling, and the 



nialrihtitittn «f;* n i: :ji ^.i • . _ _ , P. . . 



distribution of its liquid by the pipe system, which began 

 in Scotland, and is fast gaining ground there. 



In England, Mr. Mechi, of Tiptree Hall, has done 

 much to make it known, and several other gentlemen 

 have practised it with success, but in Scotland we find 

 it working on in quietness where it might be least 

 expected. A slight sketch of what is doing there at 

 present may not be uninteresting to the agricultural 



Being about to erect some farm buildings in England 

 on the liquid manure system, we determined upon 

 making a personal inspection of the various establish- 

 ments m Scotland, and we give the result of our obser- 

 vations, in the hopes that it may be of use to some 



S~Z agr u ,cuIturi8t > op at least serve to point out to 

 Him where he may see and judge for himself. 



It is sown early in April, and the first cutting 

 is usually about the end of June, and it gives four 

 cuttings in the season. 



We saw the liquid applied to land in preparation for 

 green crops, and again at a higher level on a field of 

 seeds. The flow was very weak indeed. There were 

 two men employed, and they did not go over one acre 

 in the course of the day. We saw it again in operation 

 the same day nearer to Glasgow, not far from the Cow- 

 lairs station of the Edinburgh and Glasgow railway, and 

 in the same way with iron pipes in joints of 6 feer. 



Everything was very far behind for the time of year; 

 the herbage very bare, and the Italian Rye-grass not 

 above ground. One month later we again visited the 

 farm on the 24 th May, and although from the unusually 

 dry aud cold season all vegetation was behindhand, the 

 effect of the liquid was most evident. In the fields of 

 seeds we visited a month before, the herbage was as 



to that locISv i u' e ° U d first turn our atteDtion thick as lt could stand on the ground, and of the darkest 

 on thp niH \ l eTe the ex P er,men t of liquid manuring green colour, but not quite lone enough to cut. One 

 M\l ] P a Sy8t€m was originally attempted, and is ~ ^ — - - - T~. ..* 

 we i^lf n°? T hh ^niplete success. Accordingly, 

 •wok the Caledonian Railway to Glasgow, where we 



oTAnti ] *u e middIe of a nne da * towards the end 

 thf>J.i " k an Y same afternoon proceeded to find out 



WenH n cow - feed *ng establishment of Mr. Harvey. 



we fnnnf ° Ur W t y t0Ward8 the w 8 her re ? ions of Glasgow 

 we round ourse ves in ti.o «~-~ 5:-*.. i± A — *^-Zl ?.__. 



WvL ° Urse [ ves in the very dirty, but no doubt very 

 eSS J^? 16 * 1 ^ localit y «f Port Dundas. Pro- 



! g^me distant «l^ g the bankg of the blackest 



(oncehvn T" WI11 ^ inree times wrongly directed 

 anv ni!L^ pollceina,, )» we cached our destination. 



of «it, a r r uiauuice aJong the bar 

 (J?£*> af * ep bein e three times 



If 



had evpi. g V 16 ot rural "appiness or rustic beauty 

 tion rituT ° Ur countrified imagination in connec- 

 copiou.lv r S?re , am of lacteal fluid said to flow so 

 *eedilv d- • S fountai n head of milk, it was 



maids nor P ,! No neat fhrm y^^ n ° rosy milk 

 AH extern.ii Ven Sweet breath of cows was here - 



18 the Snr r aS n dark ' din &> and Solent of pot-ale, 

 »PPears^ d, 8t»Hery wash is called. But external 



enough to cut. 

 part of this field is at too high an elevation for the 

 liquid from the pipes, and the difference between the 

 crops in the same field was extraordinary, the undulating 

 line of the distribution was most clearly marked. 

 Where the liquid had not been applied the crop was 

 thin, poor, and of a yellowish brown hue. The Potatoes 

 which were planting in April were not yet above the 

 ground, but the drills were being harrowed down ; the 

 Cabbage seems to thrive very well upon the liquid, and 

 lar^e quantities are planted here for autumn use. 



The kind of cow chiefly used by Mr. Harvey is the 

 Ayrshire, but there are a good many crosses, and he 

 had a Durham bull in one of the stalls. Rearing calves 

 was tried, but did not succeed. The cows are kept as 

 long as they milk well, when they are fattened on dis- 

 tillery grains and Bean-meal for the Glasgow butchers. 



This large establishment is well worthy of a visit 

 from all who are interested in the results of liquid 

 manuring. The most sceptical must admit that the 

 ~ ----- great indeed. The 



Qi 6"kt have fplr a- evei 7 th,n £> and however much we j question of the expenses is another point on which we 

 *e first view of t ? lsa PP 0,nted outside, we confess that j are not in a position to enter minutely at present. The 

 » great measur e mt ^ rior of one of the cow byres in locality is highly favourable to the system, and Mr. 

 at to c^ „ ^stored our equanimity. It is a fine | Harvey's great merit is his ready perception of the fact, 



— equa 



^e a hundred cows at one 



**y did her 

 **got alto 2e 

 8**** deal 



In 



to find fault with there either. It was not 



**tend 



good buVneiT m,y t0r ? show or * fanc y farm * but a 

 M theref\ 8 P ecul »tion or money-making concern, 



*y c au 8 e fn* . e 1 conom y had been studied. Nor is there 

 m0Q ^maH iame *> one might as well find fault with 

 ****%! .fl.,^ for not being so romantically 

 There fidm hurgh. 6 



^^eratlve be Jl tt,e doubt »* to its being highly 

 ****t800co*L • t W€re "lformed that there were 

 r* 1 there i,T i ? diff erent byres at that time, and 

 did not t»- n " nm -* ; "" k - -- inAA T * 



view, especially j and turning his position to the best advantage. It has 

 ine condition, as | all the appearance of a thriving concern, and we trust 



it may long continue to remunerate him handsomely for 

 the enterprise and sound judgment he has evinced, 



(To be continued.) 



. , . , Gsrrett . 



Bimplrr imp U- men t are in use. 



BatoU's Iroadslian-i coiitinuw the be«t P notwithstanding it* 

 being denied the prize on this occasion. For sticking < to its 



work even in the n t unfavourable ground there is known 

 implement like it: wherever a single one has been introduced, 

 scores more have been immediately demanded; this maker has 

 an immense saleVor them, and may be considered as a groat 

 benefactor to English agriculturists for furnishing them with a 

 cheap as well M invaluable implement. 



Bentall's new Harrows, constructed by machinery, are remark- 

 ably strong; the teeth fixed in a very firm and enciunng 

 manner; and the price very low. 



Gibson's Revolving Grubber or Forker must be regarded, we 

 fear, as a failutf*. after the trial to which it has been subjected; 

 it is useless on lea ground, and we consider that the common 

 cultivators are superior to it for stirring land al idv ploughed. 



Fowler and Fry exhibit a very cheap iron Oil-cake Breaker, 

 and some very excellent Koot-graters, which tear into fine shreds 

 about 1 bushel per minute; price only SI. 10*. 



Fowler's Steam Draining Engine was at work outside the 

 Show-yard. We cannot refrain from again urging all practical 

 men interested in land drainage to ascertain for themsei b the 

 character of this engine's performances, and to avail themselves 

 of its extraordinary powers wherever wet lands remained to be 

 drained, and clay ms to be improved. It com plot, drains 

 at any depth, laying in the pipes in a more perfect manner than 

 is possible by manual labour; and its cheap and expeditions 

 work ought to recommend it constant employment, or, at least, 

 in any locality where the pickaxe is unneeded to loosen a sub- 

 soil of rock. 



Holmes & Son show a clever and very useful Manure Distri- 

 butor. It has brass deliverers, which will not corrode, and a 

 sliding (as well as a rotary) motion is given to the stirrer 

 without any complicated system of worms and levers- this being 

 effected simply by the side action of a wheel bung " untrue." 



Nicholson-^ Haymaker is a great impro ent. It has a 

 ■ reversing movement, without any inte tediate pinion: audits 

 very simple machinery is so constructed and arranged ss to 

 secure great durability and freedom from excessive wear. We 

 believe the inventor intends to have still stronger spur wheels 

 and pinions next year; and then, we think, this machine, for 

 effective! implicity,easy management, light draught, freedom 



from clogging, and lowness of price, will be unsurpassed by any. 



Nicholson's One-horse power Portable Steam Engine seems to 

 be useful for farms * hen much stall feeding is carried on. 



Phillips's Boot Pulper. improved by the substitution of a 

 vibrating plate for a shaking hopper, is the most efficient 

 machine for its purpose, mincing most effectually 20 to 30 

 bushels per hour. Price 61. 10s. 



Stanley exhibits Cambridge's Press-wheel Roller, with patent 

 scrapers attached, which is certainly an improvement. 



William Lister shows a new implement tor tailing and loosen- 

 ing Turnips in the ground— a sort of horse hoe, with knives pass- 

 ing under the rows of roots. The price is 61., and with this 

 implement and a new form of hand hoe for topping, the inventor 

 states that Turnips may be topped, tailed, and raised, ready for 

 throwing into carts, at la. per acre. 



Tux ford & Sons exhibit, besides their Steam Eilgine and 

 Threshing Machine, a very improved Saw Table, with an adjust- 

 ing spring attached to the fence plate, for taking the twist out of 

 deals, together with several other good arrangements for facili- 

 tating the work. 



Balls' Cultivator is remarkably simple; the driver raises the 

 tines out work by merely bearing upon the handles. The 

 price is 6J. 



Samuel son's Turnip Cutter is still tbe best for its purpose. 



James Blair's Potato Biddle is a capital contrivance for sorting 

 and dressing. It is a modification of the common corn winnowing 



machine. Price 3J. 10s. 

 Coleman's excellent Dray Harrow and Scarifier obtained the 



prize, and is a very efficient implement. 



Lucock's Drain Tile and Pipe Machine has a clever self-acting 

 cutting apparatus, consisting of horizontal wires strained 

 between two endless bands of spring steel, which continually 

 travel round riggers placed above and below the machine. All 

 is done by a continue f ary motion. 



Palmer exhibits Patter >*s new Clod Crusher, which resembles 

 Crosskill's in appear* e, only the rings have an even instead of 

 indented periphery. Each alternate disc works eccentrically, thus 

 insuring a good self-clearing action. 



Grays Sub I Pulveriser is an admirable implement. Three 

 tines are so attached to a beam that they precede each other 

 though in different tracks—each time thus having loosened soil 

 on one side— which facilitates working and lightens draught. 



Howards' have several very admirable implements besides his 



resser first sows the seed 



going up and down hill, and then small shares follow, covering In 

 the corn with the crests of the furrows. Their Horse-hoe, made 

 entirely of wrought iron, is a very good tool, working with 

 remarkable steadiness. Their Horse-rake is perhaps tbe best 



*tth 



iged 



particularly 



It 



ell 



to the wall, and a division between 



PARTmLF, MTVFTINfi. A"F THT? davaT AHPT first-class ploughs. Their Drill Presser first sows the esed with 



CA CULTU^ S^IET Y 5? ENGL Am * ™ ""^ ** *** dtetrib ?-*-~* «-* <**- 



REPORT OF IMPLEMENTS— Continued. 



As it is unnecessary for us to make these columns s mere cata- 

 logue of articles exhibited, we shall confine our present notices 

 chiefly to the novelties of the show, contenting ourselves with a 



mere mention of such machines as have been repeatedly de- easy method of raising for delivery, and an adjustment of the 

 scribed in former years. shafts by which the accnmulation of soil and rubbish may be 



In going through the stands we selected for especial mention prevented. 

 Richmond & Chandler's Chaff Cutters, both the prize one and that j On Ransomes & Sims" long stand, in addition to the prize 

 commended; their Root Washer, constructed with s rack and ploughs, the chief objects of interest were Cotgresve 

 pinion for raising and emptying the cylinder, which though less 



Archimedean, costs 26* 

 Steaming Apparato 



and Trenching Plough, Lord Beanclerk's Archimedean Sub- 

 soil er, in which a horizontal revolving screw follows in the 

 loosened soil behind a tine orsubsoiling coulter : BiddelFs Bean 



