612 



THE GARDENERS 



CHRONICLE 



[Sept. 15, 1855 



of fine fruit in an Orchard 



■■ — r v „ c; — jr- i„ .„ „>mnrlin<» of fine truit in an uituam iuuui^co, it i» cviuenuy uo easy tning to ston hi. 



^appeal might be made in support of all such ^^^^ n ltoted. There is nothing proceedings. To catch him o/the L^t 



objections. e A "3Lf„i i n the arrangements of the house in early spring, would be the right way, but how to do 



Skilv, however, there were cases. of another wonderful in he arrang In gome iU and where to find him] To scrape bark doi 



kind in which appeared neither mildew, nor red 9*^* « ®\* f^f be improved. Nor need to the quick for the chance of picking out his rS 



kind, in which appeared neither mildew n red 

 spider, nor shrivelling nor any of the evils that had 

 been predicted. Small trees in pots oaded with 

 grit were seen at exhibitions ; Stanwick Nectarines 

 reached their natural excellence ; and Pears, Plums, 

 and Peaches ripened here and there most beautifully. 

 And so the experiment continued to make progress. 

 In the autumn of last year the Rose-house m the 

 Garden of the Horticultural Society, which had 

 been found unsuitable to its original purpose, came 

 under the management of Mr. Gordon. In Novem- 

 ber and December a variety of young fruit trees 

 were placed in pots from 12 to 14 inches m 

 diameter, for the service of this house ; and as many as 

 it would hold were collected in it. Not quite 10 

 months have elapsed, and a result, which we think 

 remarkably satisfactory, has been obtained. 1 he 

 house is span-roofed, between 50 and CO feet long, 

 has half its sashes sliding down, and the others 

 fixed : and there is additional ventilation through 

 doors which fall- down in the wooden sides. 

 Artificial heat there is none. The centre is occupied 

 by a raised flat bed, and near the sides is a similar 

 bed, on which the pots are placed. Nothing can 

 be more simple. A hundred and eight pots of one 

 kind or other are now standing in it. 



During the whole season, from the first week in 

 May to the present day, this house has produced a 

 succession of fruit. First came Strawberries, abundant 

 and excellent, which strange to say did not require 

 to be perched up just under the glass, in the most 

 approved manner, but were borne by strong healthy 

 plants standing on the side borders 4 or 5 feet from 

 the glas3 ; but then, whenever the door and side 

 ventilators were opened air blew freely over them. 

 These were followed by Gooseberries, Raspberries, 

 Currants red and black, and Apricots ; Peaches, 

 Nectarines, and Plums are now ripe, to be suc- 

 ceeded by Pears, and in another year by Figs and 

 Grapes. It is impossible for trees, under any cir- 

 cumstances whatever, to be in more robust health. 

 Their leaves are the deepest green, their wood firm 

 and short jointed, their skin as clean as if they had 

 been duly washed every morning, and the fruit 

 itself well swelled, beautifully coloured, and perfect 

 in flavour. Even the little Kai-sha, the best and 

 ugliest of Apricot?, gained all its Syrian excellence 

 in this place. 

 The fruits 



question, or in its glass, or its ventilation. In some 

 ?espects it certainly might be improved. Nor need 

 such a plan be made with the good workmanship 

 employed *t Chiswick. A very rough arrangement 

 3d answer just as well. The first cost is there- 

 fore the least which it is possible to conceive where 



wood and class are to be used. 



The purchase of plants can be calculated by any 

 their price will, of course, depend upon their 



Is it 



one : meir pntc w^, — ---* t 



aee and previous management in the nursery. 

 rest consists of pots, earth, labour, and ski . 

 worth while to apply these to a kind of cultivation, 

 the effect of which is to produce certain and large 

 crops of fine fruit upon little trees, many of which 

 would in fact be magnificent decorations of a dinner 

 table ? Most people will reply m the affirmative, 

 for we know of no piece of luxury more cheaply 

 purchased. 



a 



on 



wholly of 



Some idea 



now ripening consist 



Peaches, Nectarines, Plums, and Pears. 

 of the appearance of the House last Monday may 

 be gathered from the following enumeration of the 

 more striking specimens : 



Peaches. 

 * Violette Hative ; six on one plant and three on 

 another. 

 Early York; three. 

 Royal George ; nine. 

 Grande pourpree hative ; five, 

 Grosse Mignonne ; three. 

 A late seedling ; fourteen. 

 - Admirable Jaune ; seven. 

 Acton Scott; thirteen. 

 Mercaton (?) hatif ; three. 

 Early grosse mignonne ; seven. 

 Chancellor ; seventeen. 

 Monstrueuse de Douay ; three. 



Nectarines. 



Violette hative ; seventeen on each of two plants, 



and nine on a third. 

 Stanwick ; six, 

 EIruge ; six. 

 Pitmaston Orange ; six. 



Orange precoce ; three. 

 Fairchild's ; twenty-one. 



Pears. 

 Passe Colmar dore ; eight. 

 Trioraphe de Jodoigne; six. 

 Charlotte Beurre ; seventeen. 

 Beurre gris d'hiver nouveau; six. 

 . Doyenne Goubault ; seven — beauties. 

 Beurre d'Anjou ; four. 



Plums. 

 Denniston's superb ; forty-eight. 

 Hilling's superb : a most excellent, large, and 



handsome green table kind ; twenty-four. 

 Reine Claude de Bavay ; ninety-six. 



' " Being last month/' writes a correspondent, 

 a visit to a place in Warwickshire which h« * 

 remarkably fine avenue of old Scotch Firs (which 

 a few years since appeared in perfect health), I was 

 shocked to see some' dead and the rest apparently 

 dying. The proprietor informed me that he had 

 observed the ground strewed with the young shoots, 

 and had attributed this to the wind and the 

 squirrels. Upon closer examination he had de- 

 tected in the severed shoots a small black beetle, 

 which eats its way up the young wood, leaving its 

 white perforated road easily discernible. Upon my 

 return home, I anxiously inspected some old Scotch 

 Firs of my own, which I highly prize, and was well 

 pleased to observe their seemingly sound condition. 

 This morning, for the first time, I found a number 

 of the new shoots scattered on the ground. The 

 enemy has invaded them. What is to be donej 

 Is it a new infliction, or one of which there is 

 previous experience ? If the latter, there may be 

 some known remedy. You would much oblige me 

 by imparting any knowledge you may have on the 

 subject, and by advising the measures most likely 



to save my trees." 



We wish to draw attention to this case, in the 

 hope that some one may be able to mention a 

 remedy for what has hitherto been found irre- 

 mediable. The injury complained of by our cor- 

 respondent is caused by the attacks of the Hylurgus 

 piniperda, or little black Pine beetle, one of the 

 most destructive pests in plantations. We have 

 seen thousands of young plants of the common 

 Scotch Fir ruined by this insect in the open quarters 

 of nurseries, and the practised eye detects its pre- 

 sence in all directions among older trees. In a 



it % and where to find him ? 

 to the quick for the chance oi picKing out His mag- 

 gots is to cure one mischief by producing more of 

 another kind. To gather up dead twigs, and most 

 especially to pull off every dying shoot as soon as it 

 begins to change colour, and immediately to bum 

 them on the spot has been suggested as a practi- 

 cable remedy. But the misfortune is that the eggs 

 of a new brood will have been already laid, and that 

 the insects burnt are only the exhausted individuals 

 which would probably have died in a few weeks. 

 How this may really be, however, is we think not 

 conclusively made out by entomologists ; and we 

 venture to entreat their renewed attention to the 

 subject. The question is one of some natural his- 

 tory interest, as well as of practical importance, and 

 science cannot do better than lay aside classification 

 for the moment in order to take up natural ceconomy. 



Last week mention was made of a very singular 

 sporting Gooseberry, to be seen in Mr. Tn.m'i 

 garden, near Glasgow. Since that time we have 

 been favoured with some of the fruit ; and we caa 

 confium the statement. Seventeen berries reached 

 us ; of these six were red and hairy, three were red, 

 smaller, and smooth, one was green and seven were 

 yellowish tinged with buff. Both the green and 

 yellows were furnished with crimson seeds sur- 

 rounded by crimson pulp. It would be very inte- 

 resting to trace, if possible, the history of the bush, 

 and to ascertain whether its seedlings have any 

 such constitutional tendency. We cannot call to 

 mind an exactly parallel case. 



Ne 



f » 



Plants. 



former volume Mr. Curtis gave a figure which we 

 reproduce, since it shows what the offender is like 

 and how he works. 



At fig. 3 he is represented of his natural size, and 

 at fig. 4 much magnified ; e/and^r are his jaws and 

 feelers, and figs. 1 and 2 show how the twigs that 



\ 43. Pinus Royleana, Jamieson in Journ. of Hart 

 "!$oc., ix. 52. Carriere conif. p. 399. 



This plant was published in the Journal of the 

 Horticultural Society, upon the authority of Dr. 

 Jamieson, superintendent of the East India Company's 

 Botanic Garden, Saharunpur, as a native of Nepal, 

 where it forms "a noble tree growing at an altitude of 

 8—10.000 feet." The name sent with it by Dr. 

 Jamieson was preserved, and its distinctness <w as 

 Indian Pine recognised ; for « previously we had no 

 Pine from India with only two leaves in a sheath, and 

 very small cones."* The appearance of the seedlings 

 seemed to confirm the opinion, for they bore no resem- 

 blance to any Indian Pine. 



When however the statement from Saharunpw 

 became known to Drs. Hooker and Thomson these dis- 

 tinguished botanists, so familiar with the vegetation of 

 N. India, at once expressed doubt about the accuracy ol 

 the information furnished to Dr. Jamieson ; their 'expe- 

 rience of native collectors led them to question whether 

 the tree grew in Nepal at all, and to suggest that ft 

 cones and seeds which had been sent to England might 

 very probably have been gathered in some garden 



It turns out that these doubts were perfectly i ieu 

 founded, at least in part; for the second years g»*m 

 of the seedlings has enabled Mr. Gordon, whose] raj 

 tical acquaintance with Coniferous plants is unmaU o, 

 to ascertain beyond all doubt that the so-caUed Aepa 

 Pinus Royleana is no other than the New Jeiwj 

 of the United States (Pinus imps). We have ourseK 

 verified the exactness of the identification. So nine 

 for Indian collectors. p: m 



It should, however, be remarked that this ; same. M 

 also exists in cultivation hero under ijot 

 _.-that of P. intermedia, given it by the ' 

 Fischer, of St. Petersburg!., who sent the » eos * 

 country. A plant so called, and so ob ^ Qe % ociet?) 

 growing in the garden of the H^^JWi 

 where Mr. Gordon long ago identified n ..«,-„„ 

 inops. Whence did. the Russians procuie B» 



intermedia 1 



mops 

 name 



Plum 



a name ; ninety-six. 



Another year, with more age, 



. CT . ^ mvm J^ ai ) »IUI III 



will doubtless witness even a greater result. 



The possibility of obtaining immediately and witl 



i 



he attacks are pierced. In the early summer, when 

 the wood is tender and succulent, he alights at the 

 base of a young shoot where he soon effects an entrance 

 (fig. 2, c) ; thence he works upwards, devouring the 

 pith and killing the shoot. Now it is to be re- 

 marked that the Hylurgus does not act thus for the 

 sake ^ of finding a place in which to lay its eggs, 

 J but is actuated by the pure and simple motive of 

 hunger. It is therefore useless to search in the 

 young shoots for the eggs, since none are there. We 

 are assured by entomologists that the eggs are 

 hatched below the old cracked bark, where the maggot, 

 a fleshy, dumpy, yellow-headed fellow, like that of 

 a Hazel nut, feeds on the soft inner bark. It is there, 

 we presume, that the insect undergoes its transfor- 

 mations, and where it hatches in the warm days of 

 spring. As soon as it finds its way out of the hole 

 it is born in, it alights on old pales and Fir trees, 

 basks in the sunshine, pairs, lays more eggs in the 

 old bark, and then, having done what it was born 

 for, proceeds to enjoy itself, like a true epicure, by 

 electing the tenderest morsels within its reach. 

 Such being the way of life in which Hylurgus 



LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 



{From Turner's Florist, Fruiti&t, and Garden J *5* .^ 



In the course of our professional J° urn g ° a matter 

 d lately round about the metropolis, it n« « &l 



of surprise to us that the gardens ot Jiii^, m 

 small, exhibit in their arrangement^ less gou ^ 



those of similar dimensions in provincial aisi fof ^ 

 that this has been the result of accme u , oatj 

 almost invariably boast of a large amount ; u j {o0 

 and not uncommonly is it their misfor tun ^ l comra0 date 

 much of it, in that an attempt is madejo bedi ff e re&* 

 tffthin a small space a certain quantity oia ega rden; 

 ingredients which 50 to the making up 1 1 » * adtD ir*I 

 and these are obtruded upon each ' ^^ pare the ^ 

 discord that a visitor is inclined to JP^ end9 of 

 ensemble to a marine store shop Of oa ^ 5pa * 

 gardens. We have frequently f*"^£ men t* sweg 

 of half an acre or bo, geometrical ^JJJ Un e *■>* 

 of shrubbery, herbaceous borders sei^ ^ ^g 

 arbours of different kinds and patterns,^ ^ moU d 

 and statues Boatered about aggn the sy^-r— ^M 



~. M7<;arri*re, in his work on Coniferon^ ■ g£*jg f^ffi 

 the passage within inverted commas, omits ? n 



and thus makes Dr. Lindley say t hat we h£ ^ujones, ^ e0 

 Pine with only two leaves in a sheath and ver> c rric re W s 

 would have been absurd. We trust that *■ 



more exact in other parts of his work. 



