THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



Keynes, with Triumph de Roubaix, Claudia, Lady Grenville, 

 j beth y Mrs. Hansard, Mrs. Willis, Emperor de Maroc, 

 Due 1 s of Kent, Baron Alderson, Jonas, Marvel, La Tropique, 

 Mrs. Spary, Princess Charlotte, Plueton, Pigeon, Comet; 2d, 

 7 C. Turner, with Baron Alderson, Triumph de Roubaix, 

 K :r.c ror de Maroc, Marvel, Laura Lavington, Glorie de Kain, 

 Admiration, Jonas, Mrs. Hansard, Comet, Flora M'lvor, Pigeon, 

 ] erfiy, Duchess of Kent, Miss F ramp ton, Kossuth, Semiramis, 

 ] zabeth, Attraction, Jenny Lind, Reine de Fieurs. Holly- 

 1 ks, spikes, 7 varieties : 1st, Mr. Grant, gr. to Robert Fellowes, 

 Esq., Shottesham Park, with Ponrpre de Tyre, Sulphur Queen, 

 Eva, Elegans, Charles Turner, Solfaterre, and Brennus ; 2d, 

 — Benningfield, Esq., Broeksbourne, with Souvenir, Sulphur 

 ( n, Mrs. Ashley, Joan of Arc, Eva, and Sir David Wed- 

 * rn; 3d, — Bower, Esq.; 4tb, — Dyson, Esq., Stoke. 



I rmen: 1st, Mr. Chater, of Saffron Walden, with Em- 



j Salmonius, Sulphur t>ueen, Elegans, Mont Blanc, and two 



se lings; 2d, Mr. Bircham, Hedenham, with Unique, Norfolk 

 Her •. Duchess of Sutherland, Pourpre de Tyre, Eva, Lemonade, 

 and Purple Perfection; 3d, Messrs. Paul, with tall fine spikes. 

 24 Cut Blooms, not more than two of each— Amateurs: 1st, Mr. 

 Uoakc, Clewer, with Eugenie, Julia, Emperor, Pourpre de Tyre, 

 Mrs. Ashley, Souvenir, Miss Ashley, Lilac Model, Beauty of 

 C ihunt, and eight seedlings; 2d, — Benningfield, Esq.— the 

 varieties in this collection dissimilar from the first were Pearl, 

 Sulphur Queen, Emily, Sir D. Weddeiburn, Eva, Comet, Joan 

 of Arc, Lizzy, and Conspicua; 3d, Mr. J. Long, Watford; 4th, 

 Mr. C.Grant. Nurserymen, 24 dissimilar varieties: 1st, Mr. 

 Chater, with Fearless, Bonle de Feu, Mrs. Ashley, James, Mal- 

 vina, Empress (very fine), Mulberry Superb, Finella, Alpha 

 (fine), Salmonius, Autocrat, Kitiiina, Pourpre de Tyre, Walden 

 Rival, Alexandria, Julia, Golconda, Ochre (fine), Lilac 

 Queen, Summit of Perfection, Mont Blanc, Walden 

 Gem, Model, and a seedling; 2d, Mr. C. Turner.^ The 

 varieties In this collection, which were fine, and not in the 

 t -, were Standard, Mrs. Parsons, Argo, Miss Parsons, Little 

 ( Pilot, Orestes, Kosy Circle, Felicia, and Beauty 



of Cheshunt; 3d, Messrs. P.ml and Son. Verbenas: 1st, Mr. 

 G. Smith, Tollington Nursery, llornsey, with Brilliant de Vaise, 

 Vi unt de Beleval, Empress, Lord Raglan, Joan of Arc, White 

 Perfection, Sobraon, Morpha, Beauty, Madame de Lavalliere; 2d, 

 Mr. J . August, Beddington. In Seedlings, Dahlias formed the prin- 

 cipal feature. These were contributed in considerable numbers, 

 h> e of which were marked improvements on existing varieties. 

 For instance, there were two good yellows — Bessie, and Yellow 

 Beauty, both superior flowers, there were 12 blooms of the former 

 and six of the latter. Six blooms were also shown of Orange 

 Perfection, a bright orange Dahlia of fine form; Miss Burdett 

 Coutts, fawn colour, shaded; Lollipop, salmon; Eclipse, dark 

 maroon, and shaded; Model, a flower with the same colours as 

 General Faucher, but of good form. Three blooms were shown 

 of Mrs. Wheeler, a glowing scarlet crimson flower of first-rate 

 build; and Enchantress, a purple and white fancy variety, 

 striped. This is a large flower, of good form. There were 

 several other kinds exhibited, some of which possessed good 

 points, but they were not in condition to form an accurate 

 estimate of their meri s. Those selected for First Class Certifi- 

 ficates were :— Mrs. Wheeler, Bessie, Miss Burdett Coutts, 

 Lollipop, Orange Perfection, and Enchantress. The same reward 

 Was also awarded to a new Phlox named Countess of Home, 

 sent from Edinburgh. This is a light variety, and is a very 

 pretty thing. Mr. Itooke received a First Class Certificate for 

 his blush Hollyhock Perfection. This is a first-rate variety in 

 form, but nothing particularly new in colour. Mr. Chater re- 

 ceived similar awards fur two kinds— Empress and Queen of the 

 B ^. These were large and attractive sorts. There were some 

 very excellent new Verbenas: Criterion, Cremorne, and Mrs. 

 Hal ford were selected as the best by the judges. 



Calendar of Operations. 



(For the ensuing week.) 



PLANT DEPARTMENT. 



Conservatory, &c. — It will hardly be safe to depend 

 \ipon a continuance of fine' weather after this time, 

 therefore preparations should be made at once for pro- 

 tecting all plants of any value from heavy rains or slight 

 frosts at night. Where there is proper accommodation 

 for plants under glass there certainly is no propriety in 

 keeping greenhouse stock out of doors as late in autumn 

 as can be done without positive danger from frost, but 

 in cases where many plants have to be wintered in 

 Vineries it is often necessary to make every possible 

 shift to keep the plants out of doors until the state of 

 the Vines, &c., allows of managing the houses with 

 something like regard to the well-being of the plants. 

 And with the aid of skeleton frames or pits, constructed 

 -so that they will ward off a few degrees of frost, and a 

 waterproof cloth, old sashes, or anything for covering 

 that will throw off heavy rains, most greenhouse plants 

 may be kept safely enough for some time yet, unless the 

 weather should prove more unfavourable than ordinary, 

 and will be found to do much letter under such shelter 

 than crowded too thickly together in the greenhouse, or 

 in houses where fire-heat must be used. Indeed where 

 plants have to be wintered under make-shift circum- 

 stances, as in forcing-houses, &c, which cannot always 

 be had in a fit state for their reception at the proper 

 time, some temporary shelter is indispensable to save 

 the plants from drenching rains and cold winds in 

 autumn ; and a very suitable one would cost but little 

 and would be found useful at most seasons of the year. 

 But whatever arrangements may be deemed most 

 ad\ ible under individual circum nances should be seen 

 to at once, as it will be very unsafe to leave the 

 plants at the mere} 



-Should heaw ra jns occur before the plants 



be very unsafe to leave 

 of the weather much longer. 



can 



te afforded any protection, be careful to prevent their 

 getting too wet at the root. Lueuli.as and other winter 

 lowering things growing to the border of the conserva- 

 tory must be freely exposed to li »| and air, in order 

 to get the growth well tmvured and insure a fine dig- 

 p ay of bloom Also see that all pfcnti are clear of 

 black thrips, for this pest is particularly active at this 

 season wherever u is allowed to gain a footing, especial! v 

 on Luculms and such things as are in a growing state. 

 Sxo .._\\ here there fe but one house for thelccom- 

 modationof the tropical plants, considerable care and 

 attention are necessary to properly manage these at this 

 season, as some having completed their season's growth 











i 



require to be kept cool and rather dry, in order to ripen 

 the wood, while others in free growth require to be 

 encouraged with warmth and moisture. If there is no 

 convenience for removing to a cooler house such things 

 as have made their growth, these should be placed 

 together at one end of the stove, keeping them sparingly 

 supplied with water at the root, and giving air rather 

 freely, which will generally serve to prevent any 

 attempt at a second growth ; and those requiring to be 

 kept warm and moist should also be placed together at 

 the opposite end of the house, where very little air 

 should be given, using every care to keep the atmo- 

 sphere about them moist, &c. Allamandas, Cleroden- 

 drons, &c, which have done blooming, may be removed 

 to a Vinery where the Grapes are ripe or ripening, for 

 as these will require very little water, they will not do 

 much mischief in the way of causing damp, and their 

 room in the stove will be found very useful for other 

 things. See that everything is free from insects, and 

 keep the foliage of such things as Ixoras, &c, clean by 

 washing with a sponge and soapy water when neces- 

 sary. 



FORCING DEPARTMENT. 



Pineries.— Take advantage of bright weather while 

 it continues, to encourage free growth where this is 

 desirable, giving the plants a liberal supply of water at 

 the root, using manure water for such as are moderately 

 well rooted, and keeping the atmosphere warm and 

 moist. Shading will of course be dispensed with by 

 this time — at least it should be, as growing plants will 

 require exposure to all the light possible, in order to 

 induce fine strong foliage and a dwarf stocky habit. 

 See that the succession stock is properly supplied with 

 water at the root, as any neglect in this respect while 

 the weather continues bright would be liable to cause 

 some of the plants to fruit prematurely. Also keep 

 the atmosphere moist by frequently sprinkling the paths, 

 &c, and syringe them lightly over-head, and shut up 

 early in the afternoon, so as to husband the solar heat 

 as much as possible : be careful, however, in syringing 

 to spare plants in flower, as syringing these over-head 

 would probably cause deformed fruit. Give plants 

 swelling their fruit plenty of clear strong manure water, 

 and young plants growing in open beds will enjoy an 

 occasional soaking of the same. Vineries. — If bright 

 weather continues, it will be advisable to shade fruit 

 that is thoroughly ripe and expected to hang for a con- 

 siderable time ; for although the quality of the fruit 

 may be rather improved by warmth, &c, some sorts 

 soon lose their freih plump appearance. Give air freely, 

 and keep the house as cool and dry as circumstances 

 will admit. Stop laterals in the late house, and keep 

 the foliage regularly exposed to light, so as to have'it 

 as healthy and vigorous as possible. Fruit beginning 

 to colour should be encouraged with plenty of warmth 

 and air, as Grapes ripened during this fine weather will 

 be very superior in quality, and more likely to hang 

 well than such as have to be ripened by artificial 

 means late in the season, when there will be compara- 

 tively little sunshine. Keep thrips in check where at all 

 troublesome by repeated fumigations,and use every means 

 to preserve the foliage from red spider. Vines planted 

 this season, and which are growing freely, will probably 

 be found to be getting too dry at the root; and where 

 this is found to be the case, if it is desirable to encourage 

 free growth for some time longer, give the border two 

 or three slight waterings to moisten it about the surface 

 roots, but by no means give it a soaking. 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



That the present month is a favourable time for trans- 

 planting large sized shrubs and trees is seldom disputed 

 by any person professing to possess any experience or 

 knowledge of the subject ; nevertheless, it annually 

 happens that a great amount of this kind of work is put 

 off until so late that the plants have no chance of push- 

 ing a few fresh roots to enable them to resist the cold 

 drying winds of March : and there are doubtless many 

 of our readers purposing to shift large shrubs and trees 

 this season who have hardly thought of commencing 

 yet ; but we would strongly advise all such to start as 

 soon as circumstances will admit, and they will find that 

 things shifted during this month will require but little 

 attention in the way of watering next spring and 

 summer, compared with others transplanted in winter 

 and spring. Also get ground intended to be planted 

 with young things from the nursery turned up as soon 

 as possible, especially in the case of strong adhesive soils, 

 which are quite unfit for planting until they have been 

 some considerable timeexposedto themellowing influence 

 of the sun and air. Give diligent attention to the propa- 

 gation of bedding out stock, and get cuttings that are 

 sufficiently rooted potted off at once, keeping them close 

 and moist until they become established. Those that 

 have been potted off some time and have got established 

 in their pots should be gradually inured to exposure to 

 the open air, stopping the shoots to keep them dwarf 

 and stocky. But plants that are not very strong should 

 be shaded from bright sunshine for a few hours in the 

 middle of the day, or placed in a shady situation out of 

 doors ; let them have the benefit of the night dews how- 

 ever if kept under glass, and guard them from cold 

 drying winds if removed from under shelter. If any 

 of the beds appears to be suffering from the want of 

 water, give them a good soaking at « nee, and see that 

 late Hollyhocks are afforded a liberal supply, which will 

 greatly assist us in pro'onging their beauty. We have 

 already had some indications of the near approach of 



frosty nights, and it Will be will to be prepared with 

 something with which to cover any of the beds liable to 

 be injured by slight frost, such as Heliotropes, &c and 



[Sept. 15, 1855. 



the variegated Geraniums, the foliage of whlclTUve^ 

 readily injured by frost. ™ 



HARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN GARDEN 



Any of the Peach or Nectarine trees which are 

 observed to be growing too freely should be gone over 

 stopping all the stronger shoots, and those that were 

 treated in this way a few weeks ago should also be looked 

 over again, stopping a further portion of the shoots if 

 j this appears necessary, to prevent the formation of groag 

 strong wood. Pear, and indeed, all trained fruit trees 

 should also be gone over, removing all superfluous wood 

 so as to expose the trees to sun and air as fully as pos- 

 sible, which will be of service towards getting the fruit 

 spurs and bearing wood well matured before winter. 

 Where mulching has been used for Peach and Nectarine' 

 trees, this should be removed at once, if not already done 

 for the fruit seldom flavours well if the roots are excluded* 

 from the action of the sun and air during the period of 

 ripening. See that Strawberries in pots for forcing 

 next season are well cared for, placing them in an open 

 sunny situation where they will have all the light possible 

 and do not allow them to suffer through the want of 

 moisture at the root. Exhausted crops, as Peas, &c 

 should be cleared away as soon after they are done with 

 as possible, and the ground manured and trenched, 

 when it will be in readiness for planting with Cabbage, 

 &c, and will look fresh and clean if not wanted for 

 immediate planting. Tie up Endive to blanch, and 

 plant out the late crop in a warm sheltered situation. 

 Attend to Tomatoes, keeping the shoots closely stopped 

 in order to prevent useless growth, and expose the fruit 

 fully to the sun, for these are backward generally, and 

 are hardly likely to ripen unless well exposed to 

 the sun, &c. 



STATE OF THE WEATHER AT CHISWICK, NEAR LONDON. 

 For the week ending Sept. 13. 1S65, as observed at the Horticultural Gardens 



] 



Sept. 





Friday / 



Satur. 8 

 Sunday 9 



Mon. . 10 



Tues. 1 1 



Wed. 12 



Thurs, 13 



Average 



2 5 



27 



•:9 



Babomktbb. 



1 



2 





Max. 

 30.416 



30.4.9 

 30 164 

 30.12? 



30.( 53 



30.161 



29.97 6 

 30.193 



Min. 



30.3S4 



30.199 



30.100 



30.05 i 



3>.0>l 



30.i 59 



29.897 



30.104 



Tkmperatubi. 



Uithe 



Max. Min. Mean 



Of the Kant 



1 toot 2 teet 

 deep, deep 



Wind. | 



PS 



Sept. 



7— Very clear ; cloudy ; fine. 



8— Frost early a.m. ; dense fog; clear and very fine; cold at night. 



— 9— Fine ; very fine ; clear and cool. 



— 10— Foggy; fine; very clear. 



— 11— Very fine; clear at nighr. 



— 12— Slight fog ; very fine throughout ; rain at night. 



— 13— Rain ; showery ; cloudy ; rain at night. 



Mean temperature ol the week 4 deg. below the average. 



RECORD OF THE WEATHER AT CHISWICK. 

 During the last 29 years, for the ensuing week, ending Sept. 22, 1355. 



Prevailing Wind*. 



Sept. 



91 <W 







m 



5 



*> bt 









P. 



B 



Sunday 16 



Mon. 



Tues. 



W ed. 



Thu. 



Frid. 



Satur 



1/ 

 I*. 



19 



2«> 



21 



?1 



J! 



58.0 



57 7 



55. > 

 56.5 

 55.8 



55.7 



5fi.fi 



No. of 

 YeaTs in 

 which it 

 Rained. 





Greatest 



Quantity 

 of Rain. 



0.50 in. 



0-90 



C.84 



0.60 



0.45 



0.50 



0.40 



3 



1 

 1 

 3 



1 



3 



2 



5 



4 



7 



5 

 6 



3 



2 



i 



4 

 5 



2 

 3 

 2 

 5 



7 



[ . 



1 



1 

 1 

 1 



I 



2 



Z 



9 

 2 

 2 

 5 

 3 

 6 

 5 



I. 



b 



4 

 6 





R 



4 



4 



5 

 4 



6 

 5 



1 

 3 

 4 

 2 

 3 



: 



The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the 17tt 

 18*3— therm. 84 deg.; and th« lowest on the 17tb, 1340-thenn. 29 deg. 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Crystallised Fruit : J L F. Beat the white of an egg to frotn , 

 dip your fruit in it; then roll it in white sifted sugar candy; 

 when quite dry place the fruit in a stove to be very slowiy 

 dried. Or you may dry your fruit first, then dip it m wmw 

 of egg, and then dust it with white sugar or sugar canuy, 

 finally drying it off. . . f 



Glass: A D. Hartley's patent rough plate will be touna to 



answer your purpose best.J .,,,.-„- 



G rape Houses; Cavanensis. No doubt it is best for fruit nouses 



to face the south— but the S.W. or S.E. will answer ^ ult * * " 

 if your gardener understands his business. Ot course tne pn. 

 posed houses will not be overshadowed by trees, &c. 

 Insects : A Novice. The caterpillars which have attackea J t ,.^ 

 Turnips are those of the common dart>otb, AgroUs s|o e »u« 

 (See Gardeners 1 Chronicle, 1852, p. 741, for figure and uescnr 

 tion). Salt and water or lime water applied to the roots i oil 

 plants will drive them away ; but the surest plan is to p " e 

 the infested roots and search for the grubs either in tne uu u 

 adjacent earth. They must then be destroyed, or t ey ■* 

 extend their ravages to the neighbouring plants, as mey 



not yet full grown. W. ,,.,« we 



Lawn : A Subscriber. If you will favour us with your adarew 



will answer your inquiry privately. , . „ A i IirT « n tlv 



Names of Pla nts : We have been so often obliged to re j" cl * ;, 

 decline naming heaps of dried or other plants, that we ; h&re 

 to request our correspondents to recollect that we ^ .^ 

 or could have undertaken an unlimited duty ot im , r 



Young gardeners, to whom these remarks Illorees P eci ^^ t am 

 should bear in mind that, before applying to ua lor asbw . 

 they should exhaust their other means of gaining lnioiu 

 We cannot save them the trouble of examining ana iu 



vv e cannot save tnem tne trouoie ui tAnunu^o - All we 

 for themselves ; nor would it be desirable if we couia. g ^ 

 can do is to hety them— and that most willingly- x ^ 



requested that, in future, not more than four P Ia ™ v0 /the 

 sentusatonetime.-rTFP. It is the bulbous v ^ lc V iIatat a ; 



Bfiu uh ul one iiiutJ. — -t tr j. . n »•-» *"^ , o t . -frpa d' I*tS ta » 



Arrhenatherum avenaceum.— N B. 1 and 3, ^ st '~ " pensfe. 



2 and 4, Lastrea Filix-mas. S.-D J E. ™™ h * s °jTot tne 

 —jr.S. Solanum dulcamara, a poisonous plant, nui 

 Deadly Nightshade.— A Z. Spiranthes autumns ■» s - ?m 



Names of Fruits : /'. The Minchal Crab.-i/^- * ou ded 

 appears to be the Wine Sour. The gum wb l?^ branches of 

 from it is similar to that which proceeds from tnem ^^ 

 Plum trees, only more transparent, for it is at" <* J, ^^ 

 almost like the diamond. Vicissitudes of dryness an 

 ture are the principal causes of gumming.|| vl . nrp vo u tue 



Thee Seedb: B X. Every great seedsman can K^S-ifttfB 

 seedsof American and other forest trees. lie * ,. l im , e if. Tbe 

 from the importers, if he does not inipor t them ^iiiui 



J . .st tr. ie common Acacia, as is known to e> j g o htf 



labourer, but unknown, as it seems, to Mr. Ooout,i , 

 been dead many years. . f r sa i e if he 



M , // /;. A man «s not a nui ryman or S^Jl l lt ve 

 i uses a seedling iloiver and sends it out n prdlnglr . 



ghou regard him as an amateur and place nun « iQQ , ate 



, • A.S usual, many communications have been ' r ^ . irie s 

 ♦and others are unavoidably detained til the nee > J thoS0 

 can he made. We must a beg. the 'J^^tete^m 

 numerous correspondents, the insertion of wuo&e 



contributions is still delayed. 





59 



n.e.i 



.00 



5SA 



SAY. .00 



5S 



w. 



X-0 



59 



E. 



.00 



58 



N.E. 



.00 



58 



W. 



.20 



57* 



s.w. .» 



5S.3 



7, 







