Sept. 15, 1855.] 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



617 



















BLOOD MANURE FOR WHEAT. 



THE PATENT NITRO-PHOSPHATE or BLOOD 

 MANURE COMPANY. 



Trustees. 

 Abel Swth, Jun., Esq., M. P., 2, Halkin Street, West. 

 £hables Dimsdale, Esq., Essendon Place, Herts. 

 Edward Ball, Esq., M.P., 8, Belgrave Road, Pimlico. 

 Major-Gen. Hall, M.P., Weston Colville, Linton, Cambridge. 

 John Brady, Esq., M.P., Warwick Terrace, Belgrave Square. 



Directors. 

 Chairman.— J ox as Webb, Esq., Babraham, Cambridgeshire. 

 moutv-Chau-man.—Jonx Sharp, Esq., Tower Villa, Queen's 

 J/§F * Road, Regent's Park. 



Edward Bell, Esq., Tottenham, Middlesex. 

 John Clatdkn, Esq., Littlebury, Essex. 

 Richard Hunt, Esq., Stanstead Abbot, Herts. 

 Thomas Knight, Esq., Edmonton, Middlesex. 

 Robert Leeds, Esq., West Lexham, Norfolk. 

 Robert Morgan, Esq., 72, Camden Villas, Camden Town. 

 Thomas Nash, Esq., Great Chesterford, Essex. 

 James Odams, Esq., Bishop Stortford, Herts. 

 John Collins, Esq., Middleton Square, Pentonville. 



{With power to add to their number). 

 Bankers.— Messrs. Barnett, Ho are, & Co., Lombard Street. 

 Auditor.— James Caird, Esq., Baldoon, and 6, Sergeant's Inn, 



Fleet Street, London. 



Secretary and Chemist.— James Taylor, Esq., F.C.S. 

 Solicitors.— Messrs. Kingsford & Dorm an, 23, Essex St., Strand. 



MANUFACTORY, PLAISTO W MARSHES, ESSEX. 



The Directors of the above Company (many of whom are 

 eminent agriculturists), beg to call the attention of their friends 

 and the agricultural community to their Patent Blood Manure, 

 which is composed of Bones dissolved with sulphuric acid, to 

 which is added about 1500 lbs. of pure Blood to every ton of the 

 Manure, carefully dried and prepared for the drill or band sowing. 

 Being rich in Nitrogen and other necessary ingredients, it is 

 especially adapted for the Wheat Crop, and has been used with 

 the greatest success in all parts of England. 



It is a very remarkable fact that the analysis of Blood and the 

 grain of Wheat are nearly identical, as proved by the most 

 eminent chemists; it contains all the elements which plants 

 require, and when properly prepared and applied, will become 

 the essence of vegetable as well as of animal life. 



The highly fertilising properties of Blood has been commented 

 npon by Professor Way, and others, and the success of the 

 Blood Manure for Wheat Crops has been fully proved upon all 

 soils, by the practical experience of numerous agriculturists, a 

 few of whom are the following : — 



Sir Archibald M'Donald, of Woolmer Lodge, Liphook, says : 

 u The Wheat manure I purchased of you has answered its pur- 

 pose admirably." 



Jonas Webb, Esq., Babraham, Cambridgeshire.— " Your Wheat 

 manure I tried by the side of guano, and if anything it had the 

 advantage, as the quality from it is superior." 



Mr. Baker, Steward to His Grace the Duke of Bedford, Park 



Farm, Woburn, Bedfordshire. — "I used your manure upon a 



piece of poor land after Peas, and have grown an excellent crop 

 of Wheat." F 



Mr. Benjamin Goulton, Gedney Marsh, Long Sutton, Lincoln- 

 shire.—" 1 drilled your manure at the rate of 2£ cwt. per acre, 

 along with the Wheat over 30 acres, and although the field is the 

 poorest land I have on my farm, the crop ranked amongst the 

 best I have. I do not know how I can recommend it better than 

 by saying I shall use it much more extensively this season." 



"Mr. Walter Mnrton, East Stour, Asfaford, Kent.— " I sowed 

 yourWheat manure last autumn, and the consequent increase in the 

 crop both ofcorn and straw has convinced me of its great utility." 



Mr. H. Steed, Nonington, near Wingham, Kent. — "I used 

 Odams' Patent Manure for Wheat last November, and never 

 have I used any artificial manure with such benefit. ' 



Mr. Frederick Robinson, Southery, near Downham Market, 

 Suffolk.—" I last autumn used 2 cwj. of your manure per acre on a 

 piece of fen land ; it came up very strong in plant, assumed a most 

 healthy appearance during the winter, and has produced me one 

 •of the finest crops I ever grew." 



Extract from the Agricultural Gazette, 7th April, 1855.—" The 

 «itro-Phosphate Company throw blood and bones together, and 

 ^dd sulphuric acid, thereby manufacturing a manure, which, as 

 it contains soluble phosphate along with nitrogenous matter, is 

 as nearly perfect, whether for roots or corn, as anything can 

 ordinarily be." 



Extract from the Mark Lane Express, of January, 1854.— 

 'Amongst the new things which appeared this year for the first 

 tune was Otlams* Patent Blood Manure; and it is this addition 

 to our fertilisers which falls to our province to review. Blood has 

 *°ng been acknowledged one of the most enriching of all our 

 manures, a proposition the soundness of which has been proved 

 *y innumerable experiments. Now that the startling fact has 

 reached the ear3 of the agricultural public that Peru will be 

 exhausted of Guano in a few years, surely the prospects of an 

 everlasting supply at home will be accepted with some degree of 

 national satisfaction, more especially since the latter is supe- 

 *wr to the former in quality." 



The Public are cautioned against spurious imitations; as secu- 

 tj y to tne Purchaser every Bag is marked " Odams' Patent 



blood Manure," and sold only by the authorised Agents of the 



Company. * ° 



. OFFICES, 109, FENCIIURCH STREET. 

 ^ uce 71 105. per ton, free at any Railway or Wliari in London. 



fki^JST?? 2 * 8 F0R Use —From 2 to 4 cwt. per acre, according to 

 iae condition of the soil. It may either be, drilled in with the 



^Hi_2£^wn broadcast ; if the latter it should be well harrowed in. 



THE 



E. Purser, Sec. 



THE FOLLOWING MANURES are manufactured 



•*- at Mr. Lawes 7 Factory, Deptford Creek:— Turnip Manure, 

 d. per ton; Superphosphate of Lime, 71.; Sulphuric Acid and 

 Coprolites, 61, 



Office, 69, King William Street, City, London. 

 N.B. Genuine Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per 

 cent, of ammonia. Nitrate of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, and 

 other Chemical Manures. 



r PHE LONDON MANURE COMPANY'S N1TRO- 



* PHOSPHATE OR WHEAT MANURE FOR AUTUMN 

 SOWING.— This Manure, composed of blood, animal matter, 

 and dissolved bones with silicates, is most strongly recommended 

 to the notice of Agriculturists. It contains from 7 to 8 per cent, 

 of nitrogen, in a form yielding ammonia bv slow decomposition, 

 and is therefore particularly adapted for Wheat. The quantity 

 required is 2 to 3 cwt. per acre drilled in with the seed. Price, 

 per ton, 71. 10s. in London. 



PERUVIAN GUANO, FISHERY SALT, and every other 

 MANURE on best terms, strictly warranted. 

 40, Bridge Street, Blackfriars. 



A "JRTIFICiAl MANURES, &c. —Manufacturers and 



-^V. others engaged in making ARTIFICIAL MANURES may 

 obtain every necessary instruction for their economical and 

 efficient preparation, by applying to J. C. Nesbit, F.G.S., &c, 

 Principal of the Agricultural and Chemical College, Kennington, 

 London. Analyses of Soils, Guanos, Superphosphates of Lime, 

 Coprolites, &c, and Assays of Gold, Silver, and other Minerals, 

 are executed with accuracy and dispatch. Gentlemen desirous 

 of receiving instructions in Chemical Analyses and Assaying, 

 will find ample facility and ac commodation at the College. 



DRAIN ACFofTa NO. 



MR. HUMBERT, of Watford, Herts, a practical 

 Surveyor and Land-Agent of more than 15 years* standing, 

 offers his services to Gentlemen about to drain Land and Bogs. 

 He will undertake to set out and superintend himself the execu- 

 tion of the work at a charge of 55. per acre, and the expenses 

 incurred in his travelling; or he will contract to complete it in a 

 specified manner to the satisfaction of the Inclosure Commis- 

 sioners at a fixed price per acre. Mr. Humbert has drained 

 strong stony land in the most careful and complete manner, 

 with 12 inch pipes, and proper mains, the drains being 4 feet 

 deep and 30 feet apart, at 41. per acre and under, and he can 

 give reference to his employers in that and in other instances. 

 Watford, Herts, Sept. 15 



OYAL AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, 



CIRENCESTER. 

 Patron— His Royal Highness Prince Albert. 

 President of Council— Earl Bathurst. 

 Principal — Rev. J. S. Hatgarth, M.A. 



Professors, ice.: — 



Chemistry— J. A. C. Voelcker, Ph.D., F.C.S. 



Zoology, Geology, and Botany — John Buckman, F.G.S., F.L.S. 



Surveying, Civil Engineering, and Mathematics — 



F. Armstrong, C.E. 

 Manager of Farm — G. Austin. 



Students are admitted after the summer and winter vaca- 

 tions, also in April and October. The annual fees for 

 boarders vary from 45 to 80 guineas, according to age and 

 other circumstances. The fee for out-students is 40/. per annum. 

 The College course of lectures and practical instruction is com- 

 plete in one twelvemonth, although a longer course is recom- 

 mended. There is a department for general as well as for agri- 

 cultural purposes. Prospectuses and information can be had on 

 app lication to the Pr inci pal . 



COLLEGE of AGRICULTURE and CHEMISTRY, 

 and of PRACTICAL and GENERifL SCIENCE, 37 and 

 Lower Kennington Lane, Kennington, near London. 



Principal— J. C. Nesbit, F.G.S., F.C.S., &c. 

 The system of studies pursued in the College comprises every 

 branch requisite to prepare youth for the pursuits of Agriculture, 

 Engineering, Mining, Manufactures, and the Arts; for the Naval 

 and Military Services, and for the Universities. 



Analyses and Assays ot every description are promptly and 

 accurately executed at the College. The terms and other par- 

 ticularsmay he had on a pplication to the Principal. 



QMITHFIELD 



in this Journal. He expresses his belief that the 

 exposure of the soil in complete detail to the influ- 

 ence of rain-water and of heat and cold and air, which 

 is effected by tillage operations, will enable it to 

 yield in a form capable of immediate use sufficient 

 phosphoric acid and other mineral substances needed 

 for plants to supply successive annual crops for 

 many years without any artificial addition ; and 

 that the natural supply of nitrogen in a useable 

 form — as that of ammonia in rain-water, or of 

 nitrates created in the soil by the action of ozone* 

 on the nitrogen of the air in the presence of certain 

 earths, or let us add of the carbonate of ammonia 

 floating as a gas in the air, and capable of direct 

 absorption by the leaves of plants; that th 



R 



CLUB, 1855.— FAT CATTLE 



SHOW.— The ANNUAL CHRISTMAS SHOW of FAT 

 CATTLE, SHEEP, and PIGS, will take place on the 11th, 12th, 

 13th, and 14th of December, 1855, at the Carriage Bazaar, King 

 Street, Portman Square, when nearly S00J. will be awarded iu 

 Prizes and Medals. 



The printed forms of Certificates, properly filled up, must be 

 returned to the Honorary Secretary on or before SATURDAY, 

 November lOth.^^rize Sheets and the necessary printed forms 

 of Certificates are now ready, and can be obtained on appli- 

 cation to B. T. Brandreth Gibbs, Honorary Secretaiy, 



Corner of Half-moon Street, Piccadilly, London. 



All communications on the Club's business should bear the 

 words '" Smithfield Club" on the outside. 



JEhe gjgri cttltitra l (Bunttt. 



SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1855. 



x lands improvement company. 



and l nco ,r po ^ ated n >' Act of Parliament, 1852-53, for England 

 1SS1-5S? rr ' and * urtner empowered by Amendment Act. 

 Surto ? Landowners, the Clergy, Solicitors, Estate Agents 



cumha V 8 ' c' Tenan ts for Life, Trustees, Owners in Fee, In- 

 tenpw if Livings, Bodies Corporate; Lessees for Lives 



u^waoie, or for a term of more than 25 years; (and Lessees 



with r n0t renewaDle > or for a terni Iess than 25 years, 

 from f? 86 ?. 1 ° f their Lessor), &c, are enabled, by way of Loan 

 charse T? 11 ^ 11 ^ cr ^y their own funds, to execute and 

 term Afo? Lands improved, by way of rent-charge for a 



Und i • years? re P a J' in g capital and interest, the cost of every 

 Em1v^i n - lprovement ' es P tciall y of Drainage, Irrigation, Warping, 



InS g rom the Sea » from Lakes ' RtorSi or Streams, 



W-«l D D any LRna ' or ImproTing Drains, Streams, or Wafer- 

 hcu S M I* mation » Farm Roads » Clearing, Erection of Farm- 

 Imr-rnT- ° tller Buildi ngs required for farm purposes, and the 

 in«V f i? nt of and Additions to Farm Houses, and other Build- 

 »nd for p arm pilrpo s already erected; Planting for Shelter 

 Coast ni.i dlcal Cttttin £*> Jetties or Landing Places on the Sea 

 lands o *?\ r banks of navigable Rivers or Lakes in the Iligh- 

 DrahiAa r J slands 0l " Scotland; Engines and Machinery for 

 Tanks p-' Ln 2 ln e-houses for Farm Steadings, &c, Water-wheels, 

 of liiid eS ' } Vnt . e . r - course ^ Bridges, Sluices, &c. The Man 

 Applicant 8 ' ^l >ecillC;lti °ns and estimates are prepared by the 

 Ia closuro r ° Wn A ^ ents and aie submitted to the approval of tli 

 of the do t>ommi . ssion ers' Inspectors who are also the solejudg 

 for ttie exLrn?£! , * i °J l t 0f tne works « Proprietors may apply jointly 



beneficial,— snch as 



et — Water power. 



* comm^ eC, ,\ tio ? ? f improvements mutually b« 

 c r^ U T, { 0,lt f* U -Koads through the Distri 





of a strtii i lors wL * 1* to be understood that the Company is 

 Plans aiiSf *? mniercial cnara «ter, and that the details of the 

 h y them l?»V execm *™ of the Works are not interfered with 

 Su re Comm; are Controll ^l by the Landowner and by the Inclo- 

 A Pplicat <™ ; Sl0n , ers ' For *«*&<* information and for Forms of 

 in S Wrector Vtf/S 1 !* IIon <>urable William Napier, Manag- 

 tc w, 2, Old Palace Yard Westminster. 



A soil is to be regarded as a laboratory in which 

 food for plants is prepared : its fertility depends not 

 only on being under suitable climatic conditions, 

 fitted for administering what food for plants it may 

 contain ; not only on the abundance of this food 

 that may be present in it, but also on the means it 

 has within it of preparing rapidly and properly that 

 food for use. Under this head, accordingly, should 

 come an explanation of the fertilising influence of 

 all tillage operations : of liming and burning, and 

 of those absorptive properties on which Professor 

 Way has shown fertility to be so much dependant. 



Tillage is useful by increasing the amount of sur- 

 face within the soil on which atmospheric solvents 

 operate, by facilitating the access of such solvents to 

 that increased surface, a id by introducing air within 

 the soil. That it has the last effect will be seen by 

 any one who shall try to return the earth into the 

 hole which he has just dug in the hardened ground ; 

 the heap remaining over obviously represents the 

 increased bulk of air which has been thus mixed in, 

 ani that its effect there is favourable to fertility is 

 apparent from such experiences as those of Tull 

 and of the Rev. Mr, Smith, of Lois Weedon, which 

 have already been frequently referred to in these 

 columns. This subject has been well discussed by 

 Dr. Daubeny in the lecture which he lately gave at 

 Oxford on Lois Weedon cultivation and its results, 

 and which was published shortly after its delivery 



plants ; 

 natural supplies may, in certain classes of plants, 

 prove sufficient without artificial dressings of 

 ammoniacal manures for the vigorous growth and 

 productiveness of these plants. But whatever the 

 explanation of it may be, the fact is that by tillage 

 operations Mr. Smith has obtained many successive 

 crops of Wheat, and his experience at Lois Weedon, 

 and that everywhere obtained on fallow ground, 

 and the well known results of tillage operations 



| equally universal, seen in the vigour of crops so 

 treated, as instanced in the hand-hoeing of Wheat 

 and the horse-hoeing of Turnips — all these teach 

 that fertility is dependant in a great degree on 

 tilth ; that many a case of comparative barrenness 

 is removable by the use of tillage implements even 

 without the manure cart ; and thus, as the fable 

 tells us, that there is a treasure lying buried in the 

 field which only needs industrious, deep, and 

 thorough search for its discovery. 



I We must refer especially to the burning of clay as 

 a means of increasing the fertility of clayey soils 

 both because practice has long sanctioned the opera- 

 tion and because Dr. Voelcker has very skilfully 

 and thoroughly investigated it. The results of his 

 investigation are best given in his own words, which 

 are extracted from his paper in the xiith volume of 

 the Journal of the English Agricultural Society. 



(1.) " The mechanical changes produced in clay 

 upon burning, which by no means are unimportant, 

 nevertheless do not sufficiently explain the fertilising 



effects of burnt clay. 



(2.) " These are dependent on the chemical as 

 well as on the mechanical changes both produced 

 upon burning clay. 



(3.) " The fertilising effects of burnt clay are 

 mainly dependent on the larger amount of potash 

 which is liberated from the insoluble silicates of the 

 clay in the process of burning. 



(4.) "Burnt clay contains more soluble potash 

 than the same clay unburnt. 



(5.) " In burning clays similar effects are produced 

 as in bare fallow. 



(6.) "Burnt clay improves especially Turnips, 

 Carrots, Potatoes, and other green crops, because it 

 supplies potash, which these crops largely require, 

 more readily than unburnt clay. 



These conclusions at which he arrives exhibit 

 burning, when properly conducted, as one of the 

 most efficient laboratory operations that can be 

 carried on in a stiff soil, yielding, it is said, large 

 quantities of soluble mateiid as food for plants 

 which formerly lay in an inaccessible and useless 

 state, resembling thus in its effects those of tillage 

 operations. 



Liming too must be referred to as another impor- 

 tant laboratory operation on and in the soil. It acts 

 in many ways ; partly, no doubt, by its influence on 

 the texture of the soil ; partly by its influence on 

 the crude vegetable matters which the soil contains ; 

 partly by neutralising mischievous acids, to the 

 presence of which, as in the case of boggy land, 

 infertility is sometimes due ; partly by displacing 

 the mineral alkalies and silica from inaccessible 

 positions, and bringing them into use as food for 

 plants; partly bv decomposing poisonous proto- 

 salts of iron uniting with their acid and placing 

 the mischievous prot-oxide with which that acid 

 was united in a position to become per-oxidised, 

 rendered harmless and even useful ; and partly 

 perhaps as a direct food to plants, but chiefly, we 

 believe, in the manner which Prof. Way related in his 

 lecture to the Agricultural Society last year. For 

 " (1.) the presence of lime in a certain quantity in the 

 soil is found to increase its power to abs-orb cai bonate 

 of ammonia from the air ; and (2) when added in 

 _reater quantities it is found to detach ammonia 

 from the Boil and render it available f I the use of 



The latter is the 



*i 



he plants growing on it." 

 ordinary and long known effect of the use of lime, 

 the noveliy brought out by Professor Wai 

 research on this point being the very large < antity 

 of ammonia present in the soil for such use. An 

 ordinary top soil of London clay contained one 

 grain of ammonia in every 1000 grains of soil 



* Ozone is a peculiar condition of the cygen of tie air pro- 

 duced during combination and analogous chemical processt-s. 



