!S 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 





M: 



LoilcLuieb 



present situations. A new pun which 



has adopted of supplying moisture has doubtless added 

 inu-li to their improved condition, and may therefore 

 I e worthy of notice. It is as follows : — In the centre 

 ol one of the principal houses is a raised bed, the whole 

 top "' which is an open tank lined with lead, so as to 

 hold water in summer, and with inclination sufficient to 

 allow it to be drawn off' in winter. Over this water the 

 larger and finer specimen plants are arranged, the 

 baskets in which they are growing being elevated a 

 little above the water on wooden legs which stand on 

 the bottom of the tank. By this arrangement it will be 

 seen that the plants are always in the midst of a con- 

 genial and moist atmosphere, and that the greater the 

 heat is the larger is the amount of evaporation, and that 

 in winter when it is not wanted it cau be entire'y 

 withdrawn. 



Vineries. — Vines that 



stock fruiting prematurely. 



are to be forced verv early,"] rovided the wood is well 

 ripened, and the leaves mostly off, should be pruned 

 and dressed, keeping the house as cool as possible, 

 in order to prevent bleeding ; for it is difficult 

 to get Vines * sufficiently dormant at this season 



not occur to 

 injurious is 





some extent after 

 this in weakening 

 any danger of its 

 pruning should be 



It 



STATE Ol THE WEATHER AT CHISWLCK, NEAR LONDON 

 For the week ending Sept. 27. lSdo.a* obaerveii at tbe Horticultural gJa 



Sept. 



3 



ral Gard^t 



Babumktb k. 



Friday 21 10 



Calendar of Operations. 



(For the ensuing we eh) 



PLANT DEPAIIT; T._ 



" C< rvatout, Sec — These who are under the neces- 

 sity of wintering valuable specimens of New Holland 

 and other hard-wooded greenhouse stock in this house 

 should regulate the temperature, &c, so as to render it 

 as suitable for these as possible, and a good stock of the 

 most suitable things for flowering in a low temperature 

 must be provided for win' r blooming. This is no easy 

 matter, however, as almost all plants require to be kept 

 ■oomewhat warmer while in bloom than is suitable for 

 greenhouse hard-wooded stock during their season of 

 rest, and it is anything but desirable to have to winter 

 the latter in a house that has to be kept gay with 

 flowering plants ; for in this case, there is a constant 

 temptation, if not an absolute necessity, to keep the atino- 

 pbere warmer than is suitable for these. But where there 

 is no better accommodation for wintering specimen plants 

 of 1 ird-wooded things than the show-house, then a good 

 stock of Camellias, Epacriaes, Winter-blooming Heaths, 

 Cytisus, Daphne indie i. Acacias, &c, should be provided 

 fur winter flowering, which if properly prepared bloom 

 profusely in a cool house and require no more artificial 

 heat than may be necessary to keep the temperature at 

 about l%°i and prevent the flowers being injured by 

 damp. And with a good stock of these and other things 

 which bloom in winter without much artificial heat it is 



just possible to keep the house tolerably gay and to 

 winter valuable specimens of hard-wooded stock in it 

 without greatly injuring them ; but to attempt to winter 

 large well grown specimens of New Holland and Cape 

 plants in a house where the temperature, &c, is regu- 

 lated for a miscellaneous collection of plants in 

 bloom i.; sure to speedily ruin the specimens. Keep 

 greenhouse stock which has been placed under 

 glass cool and airy, and avoid crowding, especially in the 

 case of things which are in a growing state, but every- 

 thing must be allowed sufficient space, so that the foliage, 

 &c, may be fairly exposed to light and air, and rather 

 than be under the necessity of huddling specimens too 

 thickly together some of the least valuable should be 

 thrown away. Look sharply after mildew upon Heaths, 

 as this pest is sometimes very troublesome upon plants 

 that have been growing freely in a shady situation in 

 the open air, and are in a rather soft state when taken in 

 doors, and apply sulphur freely on the first appearance of 

 the enemy. Also see that every thing is clear of insects. 

 Take advantage of leisure hours to get Azaleas which 

 have made their season's growth nicely tied, as also 

 anything else requiring training, and endeavour to keep 

 everything as trim and neat as possible, in order to com- 

 pensate, as far as possible, for the paucity of flower 

 among hard-wooded plants at this season. Cold Pits. 

 Plants which have made their season's growth should be 

 freely exposed to sun and air on every favourable oppor- 

 tunity, in order to get the wood well ripened. But such 

 things as are still in free growth should be encouraged 

 by every possible means while fine weather continues, 

 keeping them rather close, guarding them carefully from 

 cold winds, and giving a liberal supply of water at the 

 root. If anything requires more pot room get such 

 (shifted as early as convenient, keeping the atmosphere 

 rather close, and watering very cautiously for some time 



afterwards until the roots get hold of the fresh soil. 



that bleeding will 

 pruning. And so 

 the Vines that where there is 

 occurring to any serious extent 

 deferred until the Vines seem to be fairly at rest, 

 will also be advisable to cover the outside border of the 

 early house with something that will throw off wet in 

 order to keep the roots as dry as possible while the 

 Vines are at rest, and secure having the border in a dry 

 healthy state when forcing is commenced ; but this need 

 not be done until there is some appearance of wet. 

 The weather is extremely favourable for getting late 

 Grapes ripened, and these should be assisted with a 

 moderate amount of fire heat, iu order to get them 

 coloured while bright weather continues, and the sun 

 has some power. Figs. — The second crop of these will 

 now begetting over, and every possible attention should 

 be given to the ripening of the wood, keeping the 

 young shoots thin and closely tied in, so as to expose them 

 fully to light and air. Also keep the atmosphere rather 

 dry ; and the borders can hardly be kept too dry after 

 the fruit is gathered. Any over luxuriant shoots should 

 be stopped, or cut out altogether where they can be 

 spared, and trees that incline to be of a gross habit 

 should be severely root- pruned as soon as this can be 

 done, without risk of injuring next crop ; for unless short- 

 jointed firm wood can be obtained an abundant crop of 

 fruit need hardly be expected. Melons.— Unless where 

 these are particularly wanted late in autumn, they 

 should be pushed on as rapidly as possible ; for besides 

 being very uncertain late in autumn, fruit ripened after 

 damp cloudy weather has set in is seldom good for much. 

 Maintain a brisk steady bottom heat, keeping the atmo- 

 sphere rather warm also. Keep the Vines clear of 

 laterals, remove decaying leaves immediately they are 

 perceived, and use every means to keep the foliage clear 

 of red spider and in a healthy state. 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



The season is now so far advanced that frost may 

 occur any night while the wind is northerly, and any- 

 scarce plants which it maybe desirable to secure before 

 they are injured should be taken up and potted at 

 once, or carefully covered when there is the least cause 

 to suspect frost. See to securing a good stock of 

 cuttings of the variegated Geraniums before the plants 

 are injured by frost, for although these root more freely 

 in spring than at present, such varieties as Golden 

 Chain and Mountain of Light grow so slowly that 

 spring-rooted cuttings make but very poor plants by 

 turning-out time, hence it is desirable to gain size, if at 

 the expense of the loss of a few cuttings. And we do 

 not believe all that has been said in a contemporary 

 about the difficulty of rooting Golden Chain in autumn, 

 for we have experienced no particular difficulty in root- 

 ing it at this season ; but we may be fortunate as 

 regards convenience, which is simply a flue running 

 underground in the open air ; this we cover with a suit- 

 able depth of soil,and protest the cuttings byhand-glasses. 

 That cuttings taken from plants growing in the open 

 ground are liable to damp in a moist warm place is well 

 known, and the variegated Geraniums are perhaps more 

 so than most things ; but persons who can command a 

 gentle bottom-heat without keeping the atmosphere 

 warm and moist will experience no difficulty in rooting 

 them now. The old plants of these are, however, well 

 worth winteriug wherever room can be found for them, 

 for these eo much farther at planting-out time, and 



Satur. 22 

 Sundaj :;{ 

 VI on.. 24 

 Tues. 25 

 Wed. 2fi 

 TburR. 27 



11 

 12 



13 



o 



15 



16 



.\ V""'.''' 



I 



Max. 



Min. 



30.256 



30.: 4 I 



'60.2J \ 



30.2:i7 



' 



30.229 



3>.4.V» 



3 .413 



30.43 ) 



30 305 



Ml 217 



3».0il 



29.972 



29*752 



TKMfKRAT! i.». 



Ol the Air. 



-I 







Max. Min. 



Of the Eart h WLpd _ A 



30.iv, 311.1 IS 



71 

 7» 



G> 

 f>l 



74 



45 

 41 

 o> 



42 



27 



26 

 51 



Mean 7°°* 



deep, deep 





70.0 '41. 



ept. 21— Foirpy ; very fine throughout . 



— 2i— -Foggy; rery tine; clear at night. 



— 23— Fine; cloudy ; clear and fine at night. 



— 24— LlouJy; brisk north-east wind; clear and cold. 



— 25— Fine; cloudy; clear and frosty at night. 



— 26 — Slight haz»; fine, with very dry air ; frosty. 



— 27— Foggy; very fine; overcast; slight shower. 



Mean temperature of the week l-5th deg. below the averagt. 



RECORD OF THE WEATHER AT CIUSWICK. 

 During the last 29 years, for tne ensuing week, ending Oct. 6, IS;; 



1 * tr . 



» — . 



• 



Sept. *:•£, S 



jo 4> ir 



fc j£ = 



* 5" 



63.4 



and Oct. 







Sunday 30, M0 



4:.s 



Mon. 1 65.2 



45.5 



54 3 



Tues. 2 63.6 



43.1 



53.3 



Wed. 3 



62.7 



42 6 



5.'. 7 



Thu. 4 



63 1 



42.S 



52.9 



Krid. 1 



62.7 



41.0 



518 



Satur. 6 



60.8 



4. 3 



51.6 



No. of 

 Years in 

 which it 

 Rained. 



17 

 16 



16 



14 



14 



13 



16 



Greatest 

 Quantity 

 of Rain. 



Prevailing i» 



The highest temperature during the above period occurred on tbe S*h 

 1S34— therm. 80 deg.; and the lowest on the 2d, 1853— therm. 27 dejr. 



to the 





PINERIES. 



FORCING DEPARTMENT. 

 Attend to Jast week's directions, and 



endeavour to afford plants on which the fruit is ripening 

 a warm rather dry atmosphere with a moderate circu- 

 lation of fresh air on bright days, and whenever this 

 cau be done without lowering the temperature too much; 

 also keep young stock growing as freely as may be con- 

 sistent with securing stocky plant?, giving them a liberal 

 supply of manure water at the root, and maintaining a 

 raoiat atmosphere. Be as sparing of fire-heat, however, as 

 circumstances will permit, shutting up early on the 

 afternoons of bright days, but give air rather freely in 

 the early part of the day, which will assist in preventing 

 weakly growth, and after this season the syringe 

 must not he used too freely, even on young growing 

 stock, and where the atmosphere can be kept moist at 

 pleasure by means of tanks, &c, syringing might almost 

 be discontinued for the season ; at a'l events avoid 

 syringing so heavily as to cause water to lodge in the 

 heart* of the plants, which tends to blanch and weaken 

 the foliage. Look over young stock growing iu pots, 

 find shift any requiring more pot-room without delay, 

 ho that it may get rooted into the fresh soil before 

 winter ; and see to having the balls moist at the time of 

 shifting, for neglect of this is a frequent cause of young 



cover the beds sooner with foliage and flower than either 

 autumn or spring rooted cuttings ; hence they should 

 be carefully guarded from frost until the beauty of the 

 garden is destroyed, when they should be taken up, 

 potted, and stored away for the winter in a cool dry 

 house. Continue to put in cuttings of Hollyhocks, as 



I these can be obtained until there is an ample stock of 

 rooted plants, and do not allow those that were rooted 

 early in the season to suffer for the want of pot room. 

 Cut off the flower stems of herbaceous plants as soon as 

 they become shabby, and endeavour to prolong the 

 beauty of Phloxes, &c, by keeping them well supplied 

 with water at the root. Also keep the beds and every- 

 thing about the flower garden and grounds trim and 

 orderly. 



HARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Look over choice Pears and Apples at short intervals, 

 and gather such of the fruit as may be found to readily 

 part from the tree. Espalier and dwarf standards, or 

 indeed any kind of fruit trees which exhibit more 

 tendency to produce useless wood than such as is likely 

 to furnish fruit, should be root pruned as early as con- 

 venient in the autumn, cutting out any useless shoots 

 at the same time, in order to expose the wood expected 

 to bear fruit as freely as possible to light and air, so 

 as to get it ripened. Provision should be made for 

 protecting a quantity of French Beans from frost 

 should this occur, and Cauliflowers should be looked 

 over frequently, turning down a few leaves over 

 the hearts, for these are readily spoiled by frost. 

 Get a lot of brown Dutch or Bath Cos Lettuce 



Notices to Correspondents. 



American Seeds : Taamensis. They are raised exactly like other 

 tree seeds. Sow them in the spring in beds of light earth, the 

 small seeds just scratched into the ground, the larger ones an 

 inch deep. At the end of the year the seedlings should be 

 taken up and lined out, that is to say planted in lines a foot 

 apart, and 6 inches from plant to plant. Less space will do if 

 you are badly off for room. 



Bananas : D N. In their own country they are always dried by 

 mere exposure to the sun. Here, where the sun is so powerless, 

 some other process would be requisite. Would not drying in 

 a brick oven after the bread is withdrawn answer equally 

 well ? We should expect so. 



Begonia fuchsioides : A Balfi. Certainly not a greenhouse 

 plant, properly so called. But it is very difficult to say what 

 are the precise limits between a greenhouse and a stove. 



Concrete : A Sub. Use fresh burnt lime and add as much of it 

 and water as will just make the gravel hold together. The 

 gravel should be washed clean. 



Insects : W B. Your caterpillar, which had gone into chrysa; 

 in the box before it reached us, appears to be that of the 

 Elephant Hawk moth, Sphinx Elpenor.— M M D. Your Pear 

 leaves are attacked by the slimy larvse of the black-winged 

 saw fly, Blennocampa cethiops. Dust the leaves with powdered 

 lime, or syringe with lime water.— G M. See the last answer. 

 This anpears to have been a year very favourable 

 development of the larva? of various injurious kinds of saw- 

 flies.— JV. See the preceding answers. W, 



Mountain Ash : Malvern. Gather the berries when ripe. Mix 

 them with pit sand, and form the mixture into a cone in any 

 out-of-the-way place for the winter. In March rub the hemes 

 to pieces with the hands, and sow in abed of light soil, covered 

 about half an inch deep. 1 1 your quantity is too small for n 

 then put the sand and berries into a garden pot, in any out- 

 house lor the winter. 



Mulberry Tree: J B. Pare the great wound carefully till au 

 ragged parts are removed, and then leave it to its fare. Do it 

 in winter. Plaister, &c, are unnecessary; it will not decay, 

 provided the wound slopes enough to throw off rain. 



Names Of Fruits: G. 1, Beurrg d'Aremberg; 3, Winter 1 

 Chretien, and certainly quite unfit for your climate; o, pro- 

 bably Beauty of Kent; 6, 10, Downton; 7, Yellow Ingestne; 

 9, Mank's Codlin ; 12, perhaps Passe Colmar in a very ' imma- 

 ture »t*te.— Semper Vivo. 1, Beurre Diel; 2, Napoleon >, 

 Ke Plus Meuris; 4, Marie Louise; 5, PasseColmar; 6, &•«« 



Beurre\ — Received. J II. || ' . . f . 



Names of Plants : We have been so often obliged to reluctam.y 

 decline naming heaps of dried or other plants, that we venture 

 to request our correspondents to recollect that we never nave 

 or could have undertaken an unlimited duty of tins fcina. 

 Young gardeners, to whom these remarks more especially appiy, 

 should bear in mind that, before applying to us for assista "7 

 they should exhaust their other means of gaining in,0 ™ a '. ""! 

 We cannot save them the trouble of examining and tmnl T 

 for themselves ; nor would it be desirable if we could, f u 

 can do is to help them— and that most willingly. ltu ™L 

 requested that, in future, not more than four plants may 

 sent us at one time.— Sir G. L. Your Cactu -looking pi«- 

 which has flow 



found by llartweg >u *o-*v, inuaiAuug *..- jkvthe 



forest near Matanejo, in West Mexico, and distributee: oyw 

 Horticultural Society. It is figured in Paxton's *w™ 

 Garden," vol. i., pt. 34, from a plant which flowered mu* 

 garden of the Society at Chiswick in 1850. B.-~B ^^...T. 

 WM. It is the Clover dodder, Cuscuta trifolii, a most denru 

 five parasite.— A Z. Spiranthes autumnalis has been cs 

 Ophrvs spiralis, and Neottia spiralis.—./? H C. oP 1 /*?^ 

 autumnalis.— B II L. Atriplex pa tula.— Semper w^. »»^ u 

 ulioa parasitica; 2, Lycopodium denticulatum; 3,PoiyF ul 

 piloselloides.— J F. Oncidium incurvum. iptn-to 



Orchard Houses: A Sub. We do not conceive that a *e*j of 



would answer the purpose well. The object in tim» *j ^ 

 bouse is to have all the air that can possibly be procureu, 

 a lean-to will hardly supply that. v mXi & 



Private Growers: H B. We have no more to say. vV^fc 



form your own opinion. Very small circlims . tan f ei> T ,,\ rse rj- 

 concluaions. Mr. Beck was for years a shower in tne mu 

 man's class ; but surely Major Foquett was a n ^mateur- 

 Preserved Ginger : T H. asks for the best mode ot P™* 

 Ginger in its green state. Hers when taken from me 



always turns black. «™ne<l la 



Root-pjkTnIhg : Mr. II B Mont Bose. They were ove £P n ^n 



1852, have never recovered, and now have .^.^^/could 



nourish a 



support. "W 



to one cow ? «, « «f the Te*" 



Roses: JM. Your Rose, which is apparently one or w ^^ 



scented kinds, is evidently too tender for your ^J 1 ™^ your 



one time.-£*> G. L. Your Cactu, -100*1115 r -;; ; 

 owered so prettily, is the Phyllocactus angw 

 artweg in 1846, inhabiting the trees of j an w* 



trees 



heavier crop than the most vigorous w^ dozen 

 Vhat will become of your calves if you put » 



same 



in 



planted where they c^a be protected by frames for 

 spring use ; attend to the earthing up of Celery that is 

 likely to be wanted for use soon, keeping it closely soiled 

 up, so as to get it well blanched. Keep the late crop of 

 this well supplied with manure water while growin 



weather continues. Get Onions dried, and stored. 



quires more warmth to enable it to open 



locality affords 4 i„ *h* same - 



St. Ignatxus'sHkass: G IV L. These are nearly tne « * a- 



their property as Mux vomica, and are p rodu cecity u^ ^^ 



nos 

 is em 



various 



observed in using it. St. Ignatiu 

 such effects as are described in the pamphlet. 

 White Nectarine: P P. Various causes may be 













•» ,p, SfS 



cr 



line iifttiafti.'t.. ^ -«■ • » — •*■*-«-■ >~--~ — — - 1 „avin cr U* ,w , 



Wiiite N^ctiriues cracking, and toe stone aecaj u«,. ^^ 

 the fruit U ripe. Perhaps the best remedy for tn e -v ^ oa 

 be mulching the roots early in summer and Keey * 

 until the fruit has reached maturity. 



Tuamensis. Will you favour us with your address. 



Misc. 



