Oct. 6, 1355.] 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



661 



Coloured wool, and their under surface densely covered 

 with whitish woolly hairs, the upper surface being 

 smooth. Along with the woolly hairs at the base of the 

 atipes are a tew darker coloured criniform ones. The 

 «ori are borne over the whole under surface, and con- 

 sist of lines of spore-cases following the course of the 

 forked free veins. It is, therefore, a genuine Gymno- 

 gramma, although very unlike those familiar in gardens. 

 In our specimen from Dr. Young's plant, the stipes 

 is about 9 inches long, the leafy part of the frond 

 nearly 18 inches ; the longest pinnae about 5 inches 

 jou* ■ and the pinnules an inch. Several of the basal 

 pinnules of all the lower pinnae are cut into roundish 

 lobes on the margin. It is a very desirable and orna- 

 mental stove evergreen Fern. 



11. Acrophorus hispidus, T. Moore, Proc. Lin. Soc, 

 — 1854, 285. DAVALLir htspida, Heward Herb. 

 P. Nov,e Zelandi^e, Colenso, Tasm. Journ. of Nat. 

 Science ; Hooker, Species Filicum, t. 51. B. 



Fronds ovate acuminate, tripinnate, rigidly membranaceous; 

 pinn« stipitate linear oblong acuminate; pinnules obliquely 

 pyramidato-lanceolate with pinnatifid tips; secondary ones 

 lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, the segments ovate acute falcate, 

 or obovate, with one or two teeth, or sometimes entire; sori 

 numerous on the lateral teeth of the lobes; indusium a broadly 

 ovate scale, affixed across its base; caudex slender creeping 

 hairy ; stipes and rachides fuscous, the base of the stipes and 

 axils of the primary pinnae furnished with copious ferruginous 

 hairs. 



This plant has been referred to that group of 

 Davallia to which the name of Leucostegia has been 

 given. It differs from Davallia in not having the sori 

 enclosed by a tubular involucre, but covered by a flat 

 scale affixed only across the base, and is therefore, in 

 our view, rather akin to Cystopteris than to Davallia. 

 This group of Leucostegia we unite with Acrophorus, 

 the differences between them being unimportant. It 

 forms a very elegant greenhouse evergreen Fern, growing 





■— ■ v ■ ■■ - ' ■■■"■ ' ' 



stems rise from the centre, they should be both allow t 

 to bloom. The single Hyacinths generally are the most 

 suitable for blooming in water, but there are some 

 double varieties which thrive equally well. When 

 overblown they should be stripped ot the faded blossoms, 

 and planted in the open garden in a dry situation. 



On Blooming Bulbs in Pots. — Hyacinths, Narcissus, 

 Jonquils, Tulips, &c, should be planted with the upper 

 point of the bulb just above the soil. When plauted, 

 the pots should be plunged under ashes, sawdust, or tan, 

 until the leaves begin to grow, when they should be 

 gradually exposed to light and heat. The pots should 

 be deep and well drained. Any good potting mould 

 will suit bulbs, and they will thus bloom much finer than 

 in water. They should be planted in October or 

 November, the earlier the better. Hyacinths for beds 

 or borders in the open ground should be planted at the 

 same time, and about 3 inches below the surface. 



Sorts most worthy of Cultivation.— There is no advan- 

 tage gained by purchasing high priced sorts of Hya- 

 cinths—as there are plenty of the old kinds of every 

 shade of colour equally good in quality, and which, being 

 grown in large quantities by the Dutch florists, may be 

 obtained at moderate prices. The undermentioned are 

 all fine, and by no means expensive : — 



Double Red of Vabiour Shades. 



Bouquet Tendre 

 Groot Voorst 



Rouge pourpre et noir 



.Acteur 

 bouquet Royale 



Hugo Grotius 



Charlotte Marianne 

 Herstelde Vrede 

 Diebirz Sabalskansky 



Acteur 



Marie Louise 

 Rose Mignoone 

 Conite de Ben ti nek 

 Comtmt de la Coste 

 Panorama 

 Peruque Royale 



Single Red. 



Mars 



Princess Elizabeth 



Talma 



Anna Maria 



La Tour d'Auvergne 



A -la-mode 



Pyrene 



Virgo 



Single "Wiute. 



Do le White, 



Sphtera Mundi 

 Sultan Achmet 

 Miss Kitty 

 Coeur noir 



without the agency ot insects. V\ hen larger branches 

 or the trunk itself are attacked the process is slower, 

 and the cankered spots ultimately attain a very large 

 size. The more usual case presents a crater-like 

 cavity, the sidts of which show the annual growth of 

 the bark, each Jayer slightly exceeding that of the 

 previous year. In more aggravated cases the wood is 

 exposed for many inches, in consequence of which a 

 slow decay takes place, with very partial attempts at 

 the living edge to remedy the evil by covering the 

 diseased patch. In a section before me such an attempt 

 has, however, been made twice, and six or seven new 

 rings have thus been deposited, without how T ever any 

 effectual cure, as the new bark soon becomes diseased, 

 and the layers beneath it require a fresh deposit 

 to shield them from the weather. In the same patch, 

 however, there is a distinct crater in the wood, 

 surrounded by an annular margin due to a growth some 

 six years or more before, on the whole of which the 

 l>ark is completely destroyed, while the bottom of the 

 cavity exhibits a slow process of decay, by means of 

 which the evil is penetrating every moment more deeply 

 into the solid wood. In fruit trees there may be some 

 object in preserving life, as healthy, or at lea*t the 

 living portions of the tree, may be productive of good 

 and useful fruit ; but in the present instance, where 

 timber alone is the object, the produce can be tit for 

 nothing but firewood, and the growth is so slow, that even 

 for this purpose the ground might be occupied to far 

 greater profit. The moment trees are observed to be 

 thu6 affected they should be cut down at once, as they 

 exhaust the soil no less than healthy trees, and there 

 is not a shadow of a excuse for maintaining them to 

 the manifest loss both of the occupier and landlord. 



TRADE MEMORANDA. 



Who is Mr. Robert Hancock, of 35, Lower Brook 

 Street, Manchester, who refers to " Mr. J. G. Waite, 

 Seedsman, High Holborn, London I* 



And who is Mr. Robert Dickens, 10, Falstaff Yard, 

 Market Place, Manchester ! 



up from the widely creeping rhizome, with a frond of 

 variable size ; in some cases two feet high including the 

 stipes, which is about half the length ; and sometimes, 

 according to Dr. Hooker, not more than three inches 

 high. Both the stipes and rachis are deep shining 

 brown. The fronds are amongst the most beautifully 

 and finely divided of their race, and are extremely 

 elegant, lively green, loaded with fructifications, which 

 are usually placed on the small teeth or lobes of the 

 ultimate divisions. This species was imported a short 

 time since by Mr. R. Kennedy, from New Zealand, 

 where it had been originally found by Mr. A. Cunning- 

 ham. We have to thank Mr. Kennedy for fresh fruc- 

 tified fronds, which produce sori, whilst of a much 

 smaller size than that to which the species attains in its 

 native country. 



12. Lomaria. discolor, Willdenow, Sp PL v. 



Grande Vainqueur 

 Voltaire 



Double 



Alfred le Grand 



Mignonne de Dryfhout, dark 



A-la-mode, striped 

 Lord Wellington, dark 

 Bouquet Pourpre, very dark 

 Pasquin, light 



Single 



Prince Albert, nearly black 

 Kim rod, light 



Baronne de TnylT, very dark 

 Porcelaine Sceptre, light 



Hannah Moore 

 Premier Noble 



Blue. 



Kroon van India, dark 

 Globe Terrestre. light 

 Prince of Saxe Weimar 

 Rndolphus, dark 

 Block s berg, dark 





Blue. 



Orondatus, sky-blue 

 Le plus noir, black 

 Emicus, dark blue with white 

 L'Aini du Ccenr, purple 



[eye 



Yellow. 



Couleur de Jonquille, single I Ophir, double 

 Bouquet d'Orange, double | L'Or Vegetable, double 



Sutton and Sons, Reading. 





29* 



Hemionitis, Schkuhr. t. 



o. 



6. 



Onoclea, Swartz. 

 Osmunda, Forster. 



Fronds tufted, pinnate; the barren narrow lanceolate with alter- 

 nate sessile oblong acutish horizontal subserrulate pinna, pallid 

 beneatb ; the fertile linear-lanceolate, with linear obtuse hori- 

 zontal pinme, dilated often leafy at the base ; indusium ciliately 

 toothed. 



This species was introduced from New Zealand by 

 Mr. Kennedy, and has produced its fructification in the 

 collection of Dr. Young, of Kennington. The barren 

 fronds 6pread from an erect caudex, and are narrow 

 lance-shaped, with crowded horizontal oblong acutish 

 pinnules, dark green above and paler beneath ; they are 

 from L to 1 J feet long. The fertile grow taller and erect ; 

 they are ot narrower outline, and have blunt linear 

 horizontal pinme, dilated at the base, these dilated bases 

 in the lower pinnce being usually devoid of spore cases. 



•een greenhouse Fern. T. M. 



CULTIVATION OF HYACINTHS IN GLASSES. 

 Fill the glasses with rain or river water so as just to 

 touch the bulb ; place them in a dark cellar or closet 

 for about a fortnight, which will encourage the growth 

 <>f the roots, after which they should be brought to the 

 Ngbt, and kept as near the window as possible. If 

 allowed to remain on the mantelpiece or other warm 

 place away from the light, the flowers will be drawn up 

 prematurely, and tl)us prevent the full development ok 

 their colour and size. The water should be changed 

 once a fortnight, or oftener if it becomes foul, and the 

 bulb cleansed each time. Some kinds are apt to pro- 

 duce offshoots at the sides of the bulb ; these should be 

 removed with a budding or penknife ; but when two 



VEGETABLE PATHOLOGY.— No/ XC. 



h 



370. Carcinodes (Canker). Ash Canker.— One of 

 the most conspicuous cases of canker, and one of the 

 most purely constitutional, is that which occasionally 

 occurs in the common Ash. In soils where the Ash 

 flourishes most, and where it produces the best timber, 

 a few individuals will appear scattered amongst the ! 

 others without any apparent reason, which in every 

 sta^e of growth are cankered and deformed. These 

 trees are the favourite resort of woodpeckers and other 

 insectivorous birds, from the abundance of the larvae by 

 which they are inhabited, though the insects have no 

 share in the production of the disease, however they 

 may aggravate it. In its first stage there is no appear- 

 ance whatever of insects in the diseased spots, but after- 

 wards when the wood is exposed and partially decayed, 

 the Goat moth and other insects which live on wood 

 find them a convenient place for the deposit of their 

 eggs, or at least the young larvae recognise in them an 

 easy point of entrance. Accordingly if a diseased 

 truncheon be split in two, more than one kind of larva 

 may frequently be found beneath the spots, though the 

 history of the development from an early stage of 

 growth shows that the insects are a consequence and 



not the cause of the spots. 



371. I have found no trace of the disease on shoots 

 of less than three years old. The first indication consists 

 in a few scattered specks on the smooth bark, some- 

 times coincident with an imperfectly developed bud, but 

 more frequently entirely indifferent as to position. 

 According to the time which has elapsed from their 

 formation, these penetrate more or less deeply into 

 the bark, sometimes exhibiting a number of scat- 

 tered diseased specks within its substance, but more 

 frequently presenting a mass of dead bark cells 

 without any intervening living tissue. The spots 

 soon become confluent, and the whole structure 

 perishes down to the wood, which of course ceases 

 to be formed beneath the diseased tissues. The year 

 following the growth proceeds in the remainder of the 

 twig, which thickens where the healthy bark is still 

 attacked, though the disease spreads at the margin, 

 while the wood itself begins to decay. The same pro- 

 cess is repeated year after year till the whole bark 

 perishes, and the parts above the spot which is now 

 gtraty and deformed ultimately die. The process ot 

 decay is more or less speedy, according to the vigour of 

 the tree or the size of the patches, which are at first 

 attached ; but from the first attack, if the branch is 

 small, half a dozen years or even less are quite suffi- 

 cient to induce complete decay, and this sometimes 



Home Correspondence. 



New or Little Known Plv s.— If we had always such 

 a season as the present the proving of new fruits would 

 be a much easier thing than it is generally found to be. 

 The last five or six years have been such bad fruit 

 years, that many persons like myself have no doubt seen 

 reason to change their opinions of fruits, in many cases 

 formed from seeing and tasting a few isolated speci- 

 mens (perhaps grown on a wall or in an orchard house); 

 now they have trees loaded with fruit grown more 

 naturally. At the same time I have no doubt that the 

 flavour of many varieties has been much injured by the 

 extraordinary dry season, making them tasteof the wood 

 and depriving them of the fine juice they would have 

 had if there had been more moisture in the ground* 

 As it may be interesting to your readers, I will give you 

 an account of the varieties which have fruited here, and 

 if others will do the same much information might be 

 elicited not only with regard to the quality of differ nt 

 new and little known fruits, but their adaptation or 

 otherwise to different situations might with certainty be 

 determined. To commence with Plums : my father, 

 in addition to planting large numbers of (Shropshire) 

 Damsons and other Plums, such as White Magnum 

 Bonum, &c., known to bear as standards, planted a few 

 of every variety he possessed at the time to prove them. 

 Many of these, as well as all Cherries which proved 

 unprofitable, were cut down ; of those remaining two of 

 the Precoce de Tours were the first ripe; this is 

 usually a bad bearer here, though a nice purple Plum, not 

 large, but good, and as an early variety valuable, though 

 not profitable. Jaune Hative, a small yellow Plum, 

 pretty, but almost without flavour, generally bears 

 well ; this season it was loaded to excess. White 

 Magnum Bonum very full, generally bears well ; the 

 same may be said of the old red Orleans, many of which 

 broke down with the weight of fruit. Greengage a 

 very heavy crop. Gisborne's much resembles White 

 Maguum Bonum, but rather smaller, almost always 

 bears heavily. Our Golden Drop, here generally very 

 full, is only first-rate on a wall, where it is still one of 

 the best ; this year it is loaded, but in wet seasons does 

 not ripen well. We seldom see the beautiful, but 

 tasteless fruit of the scarlet Mirabilum ; though covered 

 like a sheet with its beautiful blossoms, it is too 

 early, and is for years together cut . off by 

 spring frosts ; as an ornamental tree it is worth 

 planting. Sharpe's Emperor, a large coarse red Plum, 

 is not even profitable, and ought not to be cultivated, 

 as it is so inferior in every respect to Victoria, a 

 yellowish red Plum, a good kitchen fruit, large as a 

 Magnum Bonum, and the heaviest bearer I have 

 seen. The Winesour is a bad bearer here, and most of 

 our trees were cut down, as also were the Red Magnum 

 Bonum, a really bad Plum. The Caledonian is here 

 large and handsome on a wall ; its enormous reddish 

 purple fruit is very striking, but it is a coarse variety. 

 The new variety Columbia is also very large, and similar 

 in colour, but one of the worst we have proved, being 

 coarse and without flavour. The Dove Bank, which 

 has fruited here for the first time, is very like the Cale- 

 donian, which has generally been sold for it, but in 

 many respects is very different; unlike that strong 

 growing variety it makes short wood, is * btt'e 

 more purple in colour and of first-rate flavour, from 

 a wall; we have not proved it on standards. Some 

 1 large trees of Washington, which seldom bear at all (as 





